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Cam Jansen : the mystery of the circus clown
Fifth-grader Cam Jansen uses her photographic memory to help find a pickpocket at the circus.
Book
Clinical Applications and Mechanical Properties of CAD-CAM Materials in Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Clinical outcomes of dental restorations depend primarily on the choice of materials used, and nowadays, dental CAD-CAM (Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Manufacturing) materials have strongly changed daily clinical practice. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze CAD-CAM dental materials according to their mechanical properties and in relation to their clinical applications. A literature review was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Library. Articles addressing at least one of the following topics regarding dental materials for CAD-CAM systems: manufacturers, mechanical features, materials’ composition, optical properties, clinical indications, and/or outcomes were included in the review. A flowchart was performed as described in the PRISMA guidelines. Among the 564 articles found, 63 were analyzed and evaluated. Within the limitations of this systematic review, it can be concluded that CAD-CAM materials present a wide range of clinical applications due to their improved mechanical properties. Specifically, in addition to materials that have been in use for a long time (such as feldspathic ceramics), resin block composites can also be used for permanent restorations.
Journal Article
Cam Jansen : the barking treasure mystery
When a woman's poodle disappears during a boat ride around the city, Cam uses her photographic memory to solve the mystery.
Book
A perspective on crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis evolution of orchids on different continents
Members of the Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of flowering plants, evolved the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis strategy. It is thought that CAM triggers adaptive radiation into new niche spaces, yet very little is known about its origin and diversification on different continents. Here, we assess the prevalence of CAM in Dendrobium, which is one of the largest genera of flowering plants and found in a wide range of environments, from the high altitudes of the Himalayas to relatively arid habitats in Australia. Based on phylogenetic time trees, we estimated that CAM, as determined by δ13C values less negative than –20.0‰, evolved independently at least eight times in Dendrobium. The oldest lineage appeared in the Asian clade during the middle Miocene, indicating the origin of CAM was associated with a pronounced climatic cooling that followed a period of aridity. Divergence of the four CAM lineages in the Asian clade appeared to be earlier than divergence of those in the Australasian clade. However, CAM species in the Asian clade are much less diverse (25.6%) than those in the Australasian clade (57.9%). These findings shed new light on CAM evolutionary history and the aridity levels of the paleoclimate on different continents.
Journal Article
Young Cam Jansen and the new girl mystery
This time Cam Jansen relies on her hearing rather than her photographic memory to find a missing classmate.
Book
Surface Characteristics of Subtractively and Additively Manufactured Restorative Materials for Definitive Restorations
Advancements in Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) have promoted the development of novel dental materials for several types of definitive restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface characteristics of resin-based CAD/CAM restorative materials, fabricated using both subtractive and additive manufacturing techniques. The materials tested included Filtek Z550 (FZ), Vita Enamic (VE), Shofu HC (SH), and VarseoSmile TriniQ (TQ). For each material, 24 specimens were prepared; half were manually polished following the manufacturer’s recommendations, while the other half underwent standardized metallographic polishing. The surface roughness, wettability, and molecular composition were assessed. A statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 29.0 at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Statistically significant differences in surface properties were observed between direct and indirect restoratives following manual polishing, with SH performing favorably in terms of surface roughness. The polishing method significantly influenced the surface characteristics of each material, except for certain roughness parameters in SH. Both surface roughness and wettability were dependent on the material and the polishing technique, highlighting the need for improved material-specific polishing protocols.
Journal Article
Young Cam Jansen and the Double Beach mystery
Cam uses her photographic memory and her brain to solve two mysteries at the beach, involving a missing mother and a missing set of papers.
Book
Fracture Resistance Analysis of CAD/CAM Interim Fixed Prosthodontic Materials: PMMA, Graphene, Acetal Resin and Polysulfone
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of temporary restorations made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), graphene-modified PMMA (GRA), acetal resin (AR) and polysulfone (PS) obtained by a subtractive technique (milling) using a computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system of a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). Methods: Four groups of ten samples were fabricated for each material. Each specimen was characterized by a compression test on a universal testing machine, all specimens were loaded to fracture and the value in Newtons (N) was recorded by software connected to the testing machine. The fracture mode was evaluated on all samples using a stereomicroscope. Results: There were statistically significant differences (p value < 0.005) between PMMA and the other three materials (PMMA: 1302.71 N; GRA: 1990.02 N; RA: 1796.20 N; PS: 2234.97). PMMA presented a significantly lower value than the other materials, and PS showed the highest value. GRA and RA presented a similar range of values but they were still higher than those of PMMA. Conclusions: GRA, RA and PS are presented as valid options within the range of interim milled restorative materials and as alternatives to PMMA.
Journal Article
Young Cam Jansen and the missing cookie
Eight-year-old sleuth Cam Jansen uses her photographic memory to discover what happened to a classmate's missing cookie.
Book
Appropriate Immediate Dentin Sealing to Improve the Bonding of CAD/CAM Ceramic Crown Restorations
This study aimed to use quantitative and qualitative evaluations based on micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to clarify the appropriate immediate dentin sealing (IDS) approach for improving the bonding of CAD/CAM ceramic crown restorations. Forty-eight extracted human molars were prepared to obtain standardized abutment specimens and divided into three groups: no IDS (group C: control), IDS performed by a single application of an all-in-one adhesive system (group A), and IDS performed by the combined application of an adhesive system and a flowable resin composite (group F). All specimens were restored with a ceramic crown fabricated by a chair-side CAD/CAM system and were divided into no-stress and stressed groups. After cyclic loading (78.5 N; total, 3 × 105 cycles; 90 cycles/min) on the specimens in the stressed group, all specimens were sectioned. The μTBS values for the occlusal and mesioaxial walls were measured (n = 16) and analyzed statistically. The quantitative bonding performance of groups A and F were superior to that of group C, regardless of the cyclic loading and abutment wall conditions. Group F showed the maximum bond strength and the highest bond durability in the qualitative bonding performance even under the cyclic loading condition simulating clinical mastication.
Journal Article