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II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası kuşağında yer alan ve günümüz çağdaş yazarlarından biri olan Sylvie Germain, birçok yapıtında toplumları derinden etkileyen olayları kötülük kavramı doğrultusunda ele almıştır. Birbirinin devamı şeklinde ve aynı konular etrafında gelişen yapıtları ortak bellek olgusunu yansıtmaktadır. Felsefe alanında doktora diplomasına sahip olan yazar, olayları tarihsel bağlamda dini, felsefi ve edebi boyutta derinlemesine irdelemektedir. Yazarın edebi evrenini yüzyıllardır insana gözyaşı akıttıran ve derin acılar yaşatan kötülük kavramı oluşturmaktadır. Savaş, cinayet, katliam, tecavüz, ensest, adı ne olursa olsun, kötülük sonrası yaşanan yıkımlar ve acılar yalnızca içinde bulunulan dönemi ve bireyleri etkilememiş, aynı zamanda gelecek kuşaklara da genetik yoluyla aktarılmıştır. Psikanalizin öncüsü olarak bilinen Freud, aynı zamanda bilinçaltı kavramını da ortaya koyan ilk bilim adamıdır. Bu buluşuyla, birçok ruhsal hastalığın temelini, bastırılmış duyguların gün yüzüne çıkmasıyla açıklamıştır. Ruhsal bir hastalık olarak ortaya çıkan psikoz, dışa aktarılamamış duygu ve düşüncelerin farazi görüntüler (halüsinasyonlar) oluşturmasıyla kendini göstermektedir. Bu hastalık bireyin iç dünyasında yaşadığı çatışmaları gerçek yaşama aktarmasıyla oluşan kopukluğu ifade etmektedir. Sylvie Germain'in Prag sokaklarında ağlayan kadın, adlı öyküsü, bir kadın anlatıcının, bilinç ve bilinçaltı savaşının ortaya koyduğu farazi bir görüntü altında insanlığın yaşadığı tüm acıları dile getirmektedir. Edebi metinlerin insanlığın yaşanmışlıklarına tanıklık eden belgeler olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Bu çalışma, ruhsal sıkıntılardan arınma yollarından biri olarak \"yazma\" eyleminin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Narrative medicine can serve as a tool to empathize with human beings' predicament and suffering. The research intended to examine whether the use of narrative medicine to form an empathetic connection could bring any positive impacts on health professions students. A two-group quasi-experimental design was adopted to examine whether the intervention of narrative medicine to form an empathetic connection could demonstrate differences between the experimental group (35 students) and the control group (32 students) with regard to professional identity, self-reflection, emotional catharsis, and reflective writing competency. These 67 participants were health professions students in a medical university (mean age = 20.02; SD = 0.23), with varied majors in health disciplines. The 16-week intervention was the use of narrative medicine to form an empathetic connection with those suffering, via the three stages of narrative medicine: attention → representation → affiliation. The quantitative instruments included a professional identity scale (PIS-HSP), a reflective thinking scale (RTS-HSP), and an emotional catharsis scale (ECS-IN), as well as an analytic reflective writing scoring rubric (ARWSR-HSP). To triangulate the quantitative results, the study also used the student interviews. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The quantitative results demonstrated that the narrative medicine-based intervention could bring positive effects on the health professions students. After going through the intervention, the students in the experimental group had stronger professional identity, a higher reflective thinking level, more emotional catharsis, and greater improvement in reflective writing competency than those not receiving the intervention, though some subscales not reaching statistical significance. This research results proved that the use of narrative medicine to form an empathetic connection could bring positive impacts on health professions students regarding professional identity, self-reflection, emotional catharsis, and self-reflective writing competency.

In modern society, catharsis is often understood as the relieving of stress, and the psychological and medical effects of catharsis are well known even to ordinary people. There are many studies showing that physical activity is a good tool for managing and promoting mental health. However, there are not many studies on Taekwondo training and catharsis. Therefore, we conducted a study explaining catharsis as mental health promotion in Taekwondo training. This study explores mental health enhancement of Taekwondo training by using a phenomenological methodology. Phenomenology is a theory that seeks to understand an individual’s recognition of their own subjectivity rather than explaining objective factors about an individual. We collected data from interviews with 12 students who had been members of a university Taekwondo demonstration team. The phenomenological results were expressed as six themes: (1) vicarious purgation of repressed emotions, (2) emotional catharsis through pity and fear, (3) catharsis from ethics, (4) catharsis through mimesis, (5) catharsis from vicarious satisfaction through teammates, (6) catharsis from being the object of envy. Taekwondo, a traditional Korean martial art, is a physical activity that allows people to experience catharsis, which is a mental health effect of sports.

Notre objectif est de confronter deux textes, Contour du jour qui vient (Miano, 2006) et Mémoire de fille (Ernaux, 2016), à partir de leur visée politique commune, et de leurs effets sur le lectorat. L'étude de scènes particulièrement violentes – dont la dimension spectaculaire est soulignée par la présence d'un public – met en valeur une même fonction cathartique, en dépit des différences évidentes au niveau du genre et des dispositifs littéraires. Dans les deux textes, les tensions sociales sont incarnées et personnifiées par une narratrice qui agit comme un bouc-émissaire, un pharmakon, invitant le lectorat à réfléchir aux origines de la violence dans le texte littéraire et dans le monde réel. La notion de catharsis se révèle clé afin d'analyser des scénographies littéraires qui, à travers le corps féminin, interrogent les réifications identitaires (blanc/noir, homme/femme, occidental/subsaharien) au coeur des crises poliques contemporaines. In this article, our objective is to confront two texts, Contour du jour qui vient (Miano, 2006) and Mémoire de fille (Ernaux, 2016), from the perspective of their political goal and effects on the readership. The study of particularly violent \"scenes\" – whose visual dimension is emphasized by the presence of spectators –, highlights their cathartic function, beyond the significant differences in terms of genre and literary devices. In both texts, social tensions are embodied and personified by a narrator who acts a scapegoat, a pharmakon, inviting the reader to reflect on the origins of the violence in the literary text and in the real world. Catharsis as a concept proves itself key to analyse literary scenographies that, through the feminine body, question identity reifications (black/white, man/woman, Western/Sub-Saharan) at the heart of contemporary political crises. Este artículo propone un análisis comparado de Contour du jour qui vient (Miano, 2006) y de Mémoire de fille (Ernaux, 2016), en el que se consideran tanto sus finalidades políticas como los efectos que ambas obras tienen en el lectorado. El estudio de escenas particularmente violentas –es decir, de pasajes cuya dimensión visual se resalta por la presencia de espectadores–, permite poner en evidencia un mismo funcionamiento catártico, que va más allá de las diferencias evidentes a nivel de género y de dispositivos literarios. En ambos textos, las tensiones sociales son encarnadas y personificadas por una narradora que actúa como chivo expiatorio, pharmakon, invitando al lectorado a reflexionar sobre el origen de la violencia en el texto literario y en el mundo real. Estas escenografías literarias cuestionan las reificaciones identitarias (negro/blanco, hombre/mujer, occidental/subsahariano) en el corazón de las crisis políticas contemporáneas.

[...]my friend Maureen Bellare, a Physician Assistant at Mount Sinai West Hospital in Manhattan, had started a programme with health-care providers to be with patients in hospital as they died, because their loved ones could not be there, and to facilitate video calls with families to say their goodbyes. Theater of War Productions is led by Artistic Director Bryan Doerries, a classicist and translator of ancient Greek, who co-founded the company in 2009 at a time when many US service people were returning home traumatised from fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan. Since it was established, this social-impact company has held events for over 500 000 people, reaching more than 100 countries. “By engaging a wide variety of stakeholders—public health leaders, scientists, journalists, elected officials, and community members—to perform and discuss Ibsen's play, the project invites participants, including audience members, to step back from the roles they normally play, try on the roles of others, and interrogate their own complicit roles in the public health and environmental emergencies unfolding around us”, said Doerries. The value and relevance of An Enemy of the People: A Public Health Project was highlighted by Joshua Sharfstein, Vice Dean for Public Health Practice and Community Engagement, Director of the Bloomberg American Health Initiative, and Professor of the Practice in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

In his tale „Der Wortmann“, the Transylvanian-German author Traugott Teutsch tells the story of Peter Emerich, an influent man in his community, who is keen on getting rich and climbing up the social ladder, while preserving the image of an honest person. The article follows through different stages the evolution of his mindset up to the point where he repents of his past actions, tries to make amends for some of his mistakes and decides to lead an unselfish life of faithful service to the community. Guilt, repentance and redemption are some of the main topics followed in this article, which constituted also some of the founding stones of the Transylvanian-German collective mentality.

The question of the telos of art, understood as a term or as a purpose, occupies a key position in the theoretical writings of the humanists. During the Renaissance, the death of art had a heuristic value: it gave meaning to the notion of the “rebirth of the arts”; it legitimized the work of art historians, such as Vasari’s Lives, which were written to compensate for the death of works of art and artists, and it stimulated the legitimization undertakings that accompanied the artistic and poetic revival. The theorists of poetic art thus set out to demonstrate the usefulness of poetry but also to determine its specificity and its own purpose. The Naples school contributed to the popularization of the concept of admiratio, while the dissemination of Aristotle’s Poetics favored the spread of the concepts of mimesis and catharsis. Mimesis is therefore often considered as an “internal purpose” and subordinated to an “ultimate purpose” which consists in teaching by giving pleasure. Catharsis allows the development of a therapy for the passions and the legitimization of literary genres contested by Plato or Boethius. However, it is condemned by some who prefer a pedagogy of example that intends to clearly formulate moral rules. Indeed, while the aesthetic purpose of poetry is taken into account, the ethical purpose takes precedence.

Over the past several years, our relationship with the UFO menace has taken on the nervous, hopeful expectancy of a pregnant woman. We’ve had the steady drip, drip, drip of reports from military and federal sources — a fighter pilot here, a committee there — addressing with various degrees of circumspection the “unidentified anomalous phenomena,” or UAPs, that people seem to keep seeing. (As with any social problem, the preferred terminology for the phenomena is subject to periodic and somewhat arbitrary change.) A duo of New York Times articles in December 2017 is as good as any starting point to mark. One piece discussed Navy pilot encounters with aerial objects that accelerated and maneuvered in ways that should have been impossible. The other detailed a shadowy alien-investigation program inside the Pentagon, headed by Luis Elizondo, supported by Senator Harry Reid, and involving military–industrial complex giant Robert Bigelow. The articles felt explosive, but weren’t. Or perhaps the opposite: the articles may have been objectively socially explosive in the way they re-positioned UFOs in public discourse, but the emotional catharsis and epistemic breakthrough of an open, public declaration by the powers that be that they’re here was once again postponed. The U.S. government was officially open to the possibility of aliens, but not committed. Something very strange was happening in those Navy videos, but no one could say exactly what. UFO seekers, after a lot of noise, were left more or less where they had started. The Big One, in fact, was no such thing — not yet.

While participation in traditional sports and leisure-time physical activity (PA) is declining globally, participation in extreme sports is increasing. Few studies have examined the motives of participants in extreme sports. Adopting a qualitative design, we explored motives for participation in extreme sports in China. Participants were 14 adults who participated in extreme sports as serious leisure pursuits. We interviewed participants about the reasons they participated in their chosen activity. Each interview lasted between 40 and 60 minutes. We transcribed digital recordings verbatim and conducted an inductive-deductive content analysis. We identified 9 general dimensions (motives); 7 were consistent with participation motives in traditional sports (mastery, enjoyment, psychological condition, physical condition, affiliation, others' expectations, competition/ego), and 2 were new to extreme sports (vertigo, catharsis). We note limitations of this study, draw conclusions for future research, and propose implications for increasing participation in sport and PA arising from this study.