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"CIVIL SERVICE"
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Federal Fathers and Mothers
Established in 1824, the United States Indian Service, now known as the Bureau of Indian Affairs, was the agency responsible for carrying out U.S. treaty and trust obligations to American Indians, but it also sought to \"civilize\" and assimilate them. InFederal Fathers and Mothers, Cathleen Cahill offers the first in-depth social history of the agency during the height of its assimilation efforts in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Making extensive and original use of federal personnel files and other archival materials, Cahill examines how assimilation practices were developed and enacted by an unusually diverse group of women and men, whites and Indians, married couples and single people. Cahill argues that the Indian Service pursued a strategy of intimate colonialism, using employees as surrogate parents and model families in order to shift Native Americans' allegiances from tribal kinship networks to Euro-American familial structures and, ultimately, the U.S. government. In seeking to remove Indians from federal wardship, the government experimented with new forms of maternalist social provision, which later influenced U.S. colonialism overseas. Cahill also reveals how the government's hiring practices unexpectedly allowed federal personnel on the ground to crucially influence policies devised in Washington, especially when Native employees used their positions to defend their families and communities.
eBook
Death of hometown
One man’s story from Anyang – a county in the North China Plain – may hold answer to these intractable conundrums. Anyang was established as a county when China became a unified empire in the 3rd Century BCE. For centuries, the local people made the county their home, where they buried their ancestors and dwelled with their kinsfolk. Talented sons of gentry families could pursue careers in the larger world through civil service, but it was in Anyang that their civil-examination-based careers began, and eventually it was here that they returned to for rest. The political and intellectual revolutions of the 20th century shattered this life-world of “old” China and transformed the meanings of life and place in Anyang. Unlike their forefathers, most educated men now pursued diverse career patterns, loosened links with their ancestral home-place, and rarely returned once they were gone. Despite these disruptions and destructions, Zhang Jinjian (1902-1989), an Anyang native and American-trained political scientist, launched a campaign to renew and remodel the age-old gentry localism, and bring it into the young Republic of China. The effort was eventually crushed in the Communist revolution, after which Anyang was reduced to little more than an administrative entity in a totalitarian regime. In its failure, however, the experiment shows the road not taken in modern China and reveals an alternative to the rootless People’s Republic.
eBook
Politics of Preference
Minorities, based on whatever criteria linguistic, religious, ethnic, tribal, racial, or otherwise'share a distinctive contextual and social experience. Their representation in public service is important, especially when there have been public policies which have historically discriminated against them. This book is about the importance of offsetting past discrimination in an attempt at bringing all citizens in as active participants of their representative bureaucracies. The author, a distinguished public administration comparativist, brings together the uniquely large and complex cases of United State, India, and South Africa.
eBook
ELITE RECRUITMENT AND POLITICAL STABILITY: THE IMPACT OF THE ABOLITION OF CHINA'S CIVIL SERVICE EXAM
This paper studies how the abolition of an elite recruitment system—China's civil exam system that lasted over 1,300 years—affects political stability. Employing a panel data set across 262 prefectures and exploring the variations in the quotas on the entrylevel exam candidates, we find that higher quotas per capita were associated with a higher probability of revolution participation after the abolition and a higher incidence of uprisings in 1911 that marked the end of the 2,000 years of imperial rule. This finding is robust to various checks including using the number of small rivers and short-run exam performance before the quota system as instruments. The patterns in the data appear most consistent with the interpretation that in regions with higher quotas per capita under the exam system, more would-be elites were negatively affected by the abolition. In addition, we document that modern human capital in the form of those studying in Japan also contributed to the revolution and that social capital strengthened the effect of quotas on revolution participation.
Journal Article
The Politicization of the Civil Service in Comparative Perspective
This book addresses an important issue and debate in public administration: the politicization of civil service systems and personnel. Using a comparative framework the authors address issues such as compensation, appointments made from outside the civil service system, anonymity, partisanship and systems used to handle appointees of prior administrations in the US, Canada, Germany, France, Britain, New Zealand, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain and Greece.
eBook