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"COAL PRODUCTION"
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Stopping climate change : the case for hydrogen and coal
This book documents the advantages and limitations of various electricity generation methods. It illustrates how both electricity and motor fuel can be cost-effectively derived from coal, natural gas or other indigenous fuels, thereby eliminating our dependence on imported oil and the power of OPEC. It favours electricity generation systems powered exclusively by natural gas, coal, nuclear and renewables and motor vehicles powered by hydrogen (electricity from coal gasification with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and hydrogen as the fuel powering fuel-cell electric vehicles produced from natural gas or by gasifying coal With CCS.) The book also demonstrates that the US can meet the Climate Change goal of reducing all greenhouse gases by 80% below 1990 levels in both the transportation and electric utility sectors using hydrogen and coal.
Book
Life cycle assessment of opencast coal mine production: a case study in Yimin mining area in China
China has the largest coal production in the world due to abundant resource requirements for economic development. In recent years, the proportion of opencast coal mine production has increased significantly in China. Opencast coal mining can lead to a large number of environmental problems, including air pollution, water pollution, and solid waste occupation. The previous studies on the environmental impacts of opencast coal mine production were focused on a single production process. Moreover, mined land reclamation was an important process in opencast coal mine production; however, it was rarely considered in previous research. Therefore, this study attempted to perform a whole environmental impact analysis including land reclamation stage using life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The Yimin opencast coal mine was selected to conduct a case study. The production of 100 tons of coal was used as the functional unit to evaluate the environmental risks in the stages of stripping, mining, transportation, processing, and reclamation. A total of six environmental impact categories, i.e., resource consumption, acidification, global warming, solid waste, eutrophication, and dust, were selected to conduct this assessment. The contribution rates of different categories of environmental impacts were significantly different, and different stages exhibited different consumption and emissions that gave rise to different environmental effects. Dust was the most serious environmental impact category, and its contribution rate was 36.81%, followed by global warming and acidification with contribution rates of 29.43% and 22.58%, respectively. Both dust and global warming were mainly affected in mining stage in Yimin opencast coal mine based on comprehensive analysis of environmental impact. Some economic and feasible measures should be used to mitigate the environmental impacts of opencast coal mine production, such as water spraying, clean transportation, increasing processing efficiency, and improving mining technologies. This study can be considered as a useful reference for a deeper understanding of key environmental impacts related to the whole coal production in opencast coal mine.
Journal Article
Production, Consumption, Export and Carbon Emission for Coal Commodities: Cases of Indonesia and Australia
The contribution of this study is to analyze the impact of a series of economic activities from the coal commodity on carbon emission. This research specifically focuses on coal exporting countries in Asia Pacific, including Indonesia and Australia during the period 2000 to 2022. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence between production, consumption and export of coal and its determinants, and also the effect on carbon emission. This study applies the simultaneous equation approach and panel regression. The main findings of this study are that coal consumption, coal export, technological innovation and coal price have a positive and significant effect on coal production. Furthermore, coal production, domestic income and domestic investment have a positive and significant effect on coal consumption, while coal export has a negative and significant effect. Then, coal production and coal stock have a positive and significant effect on coal export, while coal consumption and domestic investment have a negative and significant effect. Finally, production, consumption and export of coal commodities contribute to increasing carbon emission. We recommend the coal exporting countries analyzed in this study to implement coal energy control in addressing increasing carbon emission at the global level.
Journal Article
Coal Dust and Methane as a Hazard in Coal Preparation Plants
This article presents the results of analysis of the hazards posed by coal mine dust and methane in the coal preparation plants of hard coal mines in Poland. It was shown how the number of workplaces in plants at risk of coal dust explosion and the highest permissible dust concentration changed in the period from 2003 to 2022 when compared with coal production. The methodology of assessing mine dust hazards was based on hazard ratios related to one million tons of hard coal enriched in preparation plants. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the explosion hazard index with zone 20 showed an increasing trend in the analyzed period, while the explosion hazard indices with zones 21 and 22 analyzed together and the maximum permissible dust concentration showed decreasing trends following a decrease in hard coal production. In the case of methane, no zone 0 explosion hazards were found, and there were only a few instances of zone 1 explosion hazards. However, it was determined that the explosion hazard index for zone 2 showed an increasing trend during the analyzed period, which is directly proportional to the coal produced and is a result of increasing depth of mining.
Journal Article
Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Particulate Matter Pollution in Coal Production Cities in China
In recent years, with the continuous advancement of China’s urbanization process, regional atmospheric environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. We selected 12 cities as study areas to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter in the region, and analyzed the impact of socioeconomic and natural factors on local particulate matter levels. In terms of time variation, the particulate matter in the study area showed an annual change trend of first rising and then falling, a monthly change trend of “U” shape, and an hourly change trend of double-peak and double-valley distribution. Spatially, the concentration of particulate matter in the central and southern cities of the study area is higher, while the pollution in the western region is lighter. In terms of social economy, PM2.5 showed an “inverted U-shaped” quadratic polynomial relationship with Second Industry and Population Density, while it showed a U-shaped relationship with Generating Capacity and Coal Output. The results of correlation analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were significantly positively correlated with NO2, SO2, CO and air pressure, and significantly negatively correlated with O3 and air temperature. Wind speed was significantly negatively correlated with PM2.5, and significantly positively correlated with PM10. In terms of pollution transmission, the southwest area of Taiyuan City is a high potential pollution source area of fine particles, and the long-distance transport of PM2.5 in Xinjiang from the northwest also has a certain contribution to the pollution of fine particles. This study is helpful for us to understand the characteristics and influencing factors of particulate matter pollution in coal production cities.
Journal Article
Application of Short-Offset TEM (SOTEM) Technique in Mapping Water-Enriched Zones of Coal Stratum, an Example from East China
Water inrush from limestone coal beds is disastrous for coal mining. In general, it is very difficult to detect such water-enriched zones because of their relatively large burial depth. In this paper, we propose a novel transient electromagnetic method (TEM) configuration, short-offset transient electromagnetic method (SOTEM). Consistency of the results obtained from SOTEM measurements in the Shandong province, East China and drilling information indicate that the proposed TEM configuration not only improves the accuracy, but also enlarges the exploration depth for detecting water-enriched areas in coal mines ranging from 1,000 to 1,200 m depth. In this region, a majority of the deep coal beds are filled with water. The SOTEM technique was successfully employed in detecting the floor of a coal seam at a depth of about 1,500 m, as well as in identifying the location of the water-saturated area. These findings were later confirmed by subsequent drillings. Thus, our study indicates that SOTEM represents a convenient and effective technique for deep mineral and hydrogeological investigations due to its high sensitivity to conductive zones (water enriched areas) and vertical resolution.
Journal Article
Low-carbon development path based on carbon emission accounting and carbon emission performance evaluation: a case study of Chinese coal production enterprises
Carbon emission accounting is the basic premise of effective carbon emission reduction and management. This study aimed to establish the carbon emission model and performance evaluation framework of coal mine production enterprises and clarify the low-carbon development path of enterprises. In this study, we took a typical coal production enterprise (K enterprise) in the Shanxi province of China as the research object. We also estimated the carbon emissions of the enterprise mainly according to the Chinese Carbon Emission Accounting Standard (GB/T 32151.11–2018). The triangular model was used to construct the carbon performance evaluation framework. On this basis, we suggested the enterprise’s low-carbon development path. The results showed that (1) the carbon emission of K enterprise in 2021 was 36,875.38 tCO
2eq
; the carbon emission intensity of each ton of coal produced was 0.089 tCO
2eq
. The critical carbon emissions were electricity consumption and methane fugitive emissions during production. (2) The evaluation indicators for carbon emission performance revealed an imbalance in K enterprise’s economic, energy, and environmental development in 2021. The work on energy saving and consumption reduction was relatively weak. (3) Countermeasures for low-carbon development, including a carbon emission ledger, were proposed based on carbon emission accounting and performance evaluation results. This study can help typical underground coal production enterprises in Shanxi province obtain more accurate carbon emission data, providing practical guidance and reference for the same underground coal production enterprises to improve the carbon emission control effect.
Journal Article
Optimizing Regional Food and Energy Production under Limited Water Availability through Integrated Modeling
Across the world, human activity is approaching planetary boundaries. In northwest China, in particular, the coal industry and agriculture are competing for key limited inputs of land and water. In this situation, the traditional approach to planning the development of each sector independently fails to deliver sustainable solutions, as solutions made in sectorial ‘silos’ are often suboptimal for the entire economy. We propose a spatially detailed cost-minimizing model for coal and agricultural production in a region under constraints on land and water availability. We apply the model to the case study of Shanxi province, China. We show how such an integrated optimization, which takes maximum advantage of the spatial heterogeneity in resource abundance, could help resolve the conflicts around the water–food–energy (WFE) nexus and assist in its management. We quantify the production-possibility frontiers under different water-availability scenarios and demonstrate that in water-scarce regions, like Shanxi, the production capacity and corresponding production solutions are highly sensitive to water constraints. The shadow prices estimated in the model could be the basis for intelligent differentiated water pricing, not only to enable the water-resource transfer between agriculture and the coal industry, and across regions, but also to achieve cost-effective WFE management.
Journal Article
Investigation of the Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Ceramsite Granules Made on the Basis of Coal Mining Waste
In this article, one of the main scientific directions was the search for ways of recycling coal mining waste to produce expanded clay granules. There are a number of scientific studies devoted to the use of various industrial wastes in the production of thermal insulation and fireproof expanded clay granules. The authors consider the production of granular porous aggregates based on pulverized fractions of igneous rocks—basalt, granite, and synertite, as well as man-made materials of various origins, to be promising. According to the results of the conducted studies, it was found that the optimal interval of the amount of waste in expanded clay was 4.0–6.0%, and the optimal firing temperature was 1150 °C with the production of samples with a bulk density of 0.337–0.348 t/m3 and with a compressive strength of 1.37–1.51 MPa under these conditions.
Journal Article
Towards Greener Coal Mining: A Life Cycle Assessment Model for Small-Scale Underground Operations
Despite global initiatives towards green energy, coal remains a vital energy source, and the environmental repercussions of its extraction, especially in small-scale operations, are not thoroughly understood. The objective of this study is to address the pressing environmental impacts associated with small-scale coal mining in the context of developing countries, exemplified by Pakistan. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method, leveraging SimaPro 9.0 software, was used to evaluate the ecological footprints of small-scale coal mines. Background data were sourced from the Ecoinvent v3 database, and midpoint results with uncertainty information were calculated using the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method. The developed life cycle inventory is applied for the first time in a case study, and all the processes are investigated based on the functional unit of 1 tonne of coal production. Normalization results reveal that marine ecotoxicity poses the highest environmental pollution risk, followed by human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, human non-carcinogenic toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and fossil resource scarcity. Contribution analysis indicates that underground coal mine, ventilation system, and hoisting system significantly contribute to these impact categories and require special attention. According to the sensitivity analysis, the main countermeasures for addressing environmental issues are to reduce coal mining activities and improve the efficiency of coal mining and utilization for green coal production. Finally, the environmental hotspots specific to small-scale coal mining operations were identified, and technical measures were proposed. This study serves as a baseline for small-scale coal mines, offering valuable insights and methodologies that can be applied to similar mining operations worldwide.
Journal Article