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Upstream biotech firms (i.e., upstream partners) and downstream pharmaceutical firms (i.e., downstream partners) often form alliances to cope with performance uncertainty and to exploit product specificity in new product development. Although the performance implications of such alliances have been investigated, research has not offered insight into how the timing of such codevelopment alliances influences partner returns. The authors develop and test predictions that timing changes the costs and benefits accruing to upstream and downstream partners and that the effect of timing is influenced by a set of alliance, firm, and market conditions. An event study of 276 codevelopment agreements between biotech and pharmaceutical firms during 1998-2010 reveals that alliance governance structure, partner technological capability, and the competitiveness of market environments change the abnormal returns achieved by partners entering these relationships in important ways.

The growing sophistication of component technologies and the rising costs and uncertainties of developing and launching new products require firms to collaborate in the development of new products. However, the management of new product development that occurs jointly between firms presents a new set of challenges in sharing the costs and benefits of innovation. Although collaboration enables each firm to focus on what it does best, it also introduces new issues associated with the alignment of decisions and incentives that have to be managed alongside conventional performance and timing uncertainties of new product development. In this paper, we conceptualize and formulate the joint development of products involving two firms with differing development capabilities and examine the implications of arrangements that go beyond sharing of revenues to include sharing of development cost and work. We term these approaches that involve sharing of the development cost and sharing of the development work investment sharing and innovation sharing , respectively. These cost and effort sharing mechanisms have subtle interactions with the degree to which revenues are shared between firms and the type of development project under consideration. Our analysis shows that investment and innovation sharing are particularly relevant for products with no preexisting revenues, and their benefits also depend on the degree to which revenues are shared between the firms. Whereas investment sharing is more attractive for new-to-the-world product projects with significant timing uncertainty, innovation sharing plays an important role in environments where projects experience product quality uncertainty, firms are similar in their capabilities, and the costs of integration of work across firms can be controlled. Our key contribution involves the modeling of joint work and decision making between collaborating firms and unearthing the complementary role of revenue, cost, and innovative effort sharing mechanisms for new product development. We translate our analytical findings into a managerial framework and illustrate the results with examples from the life-sciences and electronics industries.

Talent management is crucial for companies in the current business context, and yet, one of its components, talent development, remains largely under-researched. In this paper, we explore the relevance of an experiential learning method, namely codevelopment, as a novel talent development practice. Codevelopment aims to improve one's own professional practice by helping peers to enhance their own practice in turn. Based on a case study in a multinational bank, our results show codevelopment to be a parallel resourcing space that offsets certain organizational pressures, thereby offering valuable individual, group and organizational benefits. As an original talent development practice, codevelopment can also contribute to counterbalancing some of the downsides to talent management.

Recommendations from professional bodies, including the Royal College of Psychiatrists, advise mental health practitioners to discuss problematic online use with children and young people. However, barriers such as knowledge gaps and low confidence in initiating discussions often prevent these conversations from happening. The Digital Dialogues project used a knowledge exchange approach, cocreating resources with young people, to support professionals in overcoming these challenges. This paper details the project design and reflects on the perspectives of the young people involved. The project was guided by the \"children and young people have ownership\" model of cocreation. A total of 11 participants were purposively sampled to take part in the Digital Dialogues Young Persons Group (DDYPG) and were actively involved in the study workshops, creative tasks, and resource design and development. In total, 6 (55%) DDYPG members took part in interviews, and 2 (18%) also completed an anonymous survey evaluating their time in the DDYPG. Thematic analysis was used to explore data from interviews and qualitative survey responses together. The DDYPG successfully created several resources to support practitioners in addressing problematic online use with young people. Reflections from DDYPG members showed that creative engagement, meaningful involvement, and peer interactions were key motivators for participation and led to benefits, including feelings of empowerment and personal development. Anxiety, time demands, and potential exposure to triggering content could act as barriers. However, structured tasks, positive rapport with researchers, and flexible participation helped to mitigate these challenges. The findings highlight ethical considerations and potential strategies for involving young people in resource development research projects in the future.

Understanding how functional connectivity can provide mobile consumers access to key resources can inform habitat management. The spatial arrangement of landscape features, for example, can affect movement among resource patches. Guided by the Haíɫzaqv (Heiltsuk) Integrated Resource Management Department (HIRMD), and within Haíɫzaqv Territory, coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada, our objectives were to (1) estimate functional connectivity for grizzly and black bears (Ursus arctos and U. americanus, respectively) among aggregations of spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), (2) identify important movement pathways for landscape planning, and (3) contribute to the growing body of functional connectivity research on dynamic ecological systems. Using circuit theory and least cost paths, we predicted movement among salmon spawning reaches within a 5618 km2 study area. Variables affecting bear movement were parameterized by drawing on the relevant literature and Haíɫzaqv Knowledge. We validated our cumulative resistance surface with observed movements as identified via genetic recapture data. Modeled current from Circuitscape suggested areas of high connectivity between salmon spawns within and among watersheds. Our least cost paths model identified principal routes, which we then ranked to illustrate possible corridors for consideration by HIRMD planners. Understanding movement among salmon spawns, a fitness‐related food, provides key information to inform landscape planning for bears. Further, our work provides an example of connectivity research codeveloped, executed, and applied with an Indigenous government. Our team, which included the Haíɫzaqv (Heiltsuk) Integrated Resource Management Department (HIRMD), estimated functional connectivity for grizzly and black bears among aggregations of spawning Pacific salmon, a fitness‐related food. Our model, validated with movement data from genetic tagging, identified important movement pathways to inform landscape planning within Haíɫzaqv Territory. Our work offers an example of applied connectivity research co‐developed with an Indigenous government.

Introduction Over the last decade, the number of older people in custody with common mental and physical health problems has increased. Little is known about the effectiveness of interventions targeting this age group. Objective To codevelop a practical guidance toolkit(s) to support the delivery of interventions to benefit the common mental and physical health of older people in custody. Methods Twelve 3‐h workshops between March and April 2023 were conducted with 26 participants at two prison sites in the North of England. The six workshops in each site consisted of research‐based activities and interlinked taster sessions. The research data were collected by the research team to identify the causal links between common mental and physical health problems; activity preferences; the feasibility, acceptability and sustainability of delivering the activities and engagement barriers, which formed a bespoke questionnaire. The taster sessions (drugs and alcohol for males, chair yoga for females, books and crafting, and a historical session for both males and females) were delivered by the research team and prison staff. Feedback from the workshop participants was documented using an adapted questionnaire to record the experiences of those taking part. A micro‐costing framework was used to estimate the cost. Results Similar common mental and physical health factors were listed by males and females. Symptoms of common mental health problems were improved by engaging with others of the same age, conducting activities outside and a consistent prison regime. Activity preferences (e.g., creative activities) were underpinned by a sense of purpose, learning new things, gaining and sharing skills. Engagement was supported by building good relationships and offering guidance through peer support, with activities led by staff of a similar age. Activities were more likely to be deemed feasible, acceptable and sustainable when aligned with the prison strategy and in conjunction with the regime. The average cost per participant for the intervention delivery was higher for males than females (£157 vs. £89). Conclusion Older people in custody report high levels of mental and physical health problems. Engagement with people in custody helps to support the development of interventions maximising possible health benefits. Further research is required to develop an evidence‐base for this group of people in custody. Patient or Public Contribution People in custody were involved in the design and implementation of the workshops. The Project Advisory Group advised us on our research methodology and evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and sustainability of the activities using a questionnaire; they also provided practical advice about the project delivery.

Strategic alliances entail process-oriented decisions, in which information about outcomes is unveiled over time. Therefore, it is difficult for investors to gauge the value of such decisions in the short term; longitudinal analysis is necessary. Accordingly, the authors apply latent growth modeling to a data set of 270 international codevelopment alliances announced over an 18-year period. The results demonstrate that investors reward firms for their international codevelopment alliances in the short term but punish them in the long term. Initially, exchange conditions have positive effects, but these effects decrease over time. However, the decrease slows when firms’ market updates contain positive news. Although investors view sharing of innovation resources as a competitive advantage in the short term, they perceive exchange conditions as transaction hazards in the long term. The results also show that long-term decreases in market returns are greater when codevelopment activities are conducted offshore rather than onshore.

Background Engaging patients in health care, research and policy is essential to improving patient‐important health outcomes and the quality of care. Although the importance of patient engagement is increasingly acknowledged, clinicians and researchers still find it difficult to engage patients, especially paediatric patients. To facilitate the engagement of children and adolescents in health care, the aim of this project is to develop an engagement game. Methods A user‐centred design was used to develop a patient engagement game in three steps: (1) identification of important themes for adolescents regarding their illness, treatment and hospital care, (2) evaluation of the draft version of the game and (3) testing usability in clinical practice. Adolescents (12–18 years) were engaged in all steps of the development process through focus groups, interviews or a workshop. These were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed in MAXQDA. Results (1) The important themes for adolescents (N = 15) were included: visiting the hospital, participating, disease and treatment, social environment, feelings, dealing with staff, acceptation, autonomy, disclosure and chronically ill peers. (2) Then, based on these themes, the engagement game was developed and the draft version was evaluated by 13 adolescents. Based on their feedback, changes were made to the game (e.g., adjusting the images and changing the game rules). (3) Regarding usability, the pilot version was evaluated positively. The game helped adolescents to give their opinion. Based on the feedback of adolescents, some last adjustments (e.g., changing colours and adding a game board) were made, which led to the final version of the game, All Voices Count. Conclusions Working together with adolescents, All Voices Count, a patient engagement game was developed. This game provides clinicians with a tool that supports shared decision‐making to address adolescents' wishes and needs. Patient or Public Contribution Paediatric patients, clinicians, researchers, youth panel of Fonds NutsOhra and patient associations (Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases, Dutch Childhood Cancer Organization) were involved in all phases of the development of the patient engagement game—from writing the project plan to the final version of the game.

Hypotheses were developed to capture the dynamic capabilities that result from interfirm partnerships during the joint new product development (NPD) process—the ability to build, integrate, and reconfigure existing resources to adapt to rapidly changing environments. These capabilities, in turn, were proposed to have a positive impact on NPD performance outcomes: (a) proportion of new product success and (b) superior new product commercialization. In contexts where the locus of innovation is rapidly changing, the impact of interfirm NPD dynamic capabilities was hypothesized to be diminished in high‐technology contexts, especially for buyers (original equipment manufacturers) and to a lesser extent for suppliers. Still, technology‐based interfirm NPD partnerships were predicted to ultimately outperform low‐technology ones in both NPD performance outcomes. Finally, information technology (IT) support for NPD was hypothesized to influence the interfirm NPD partnership's dynamic capabilities. Using survey data from 72 auto company managers and their suppliers, the proposed model in which IT support for NPD influences the success of interfirm NPD partnerships through the mediating role of interfirm NPD partnership dynamic capabilities in high‐ and low‐technology contexts was generally supported. The results shed light on the nature of technology‐based interfirm NPD partnerships and have implications for their success. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.