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Poor Maternal Health (MH) remains an issue of public health concern in Nigeria. This study identified the determinants of maternal utilization of health services and nutritional status in a rural community in south-west Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional house-hold survey of women aged 15-49 years. Data were analysed using Chi-square, logistic regression and generalized linear models (α=.05). Respondents' mean age was 29.9±7.8 years and about 9.0% were underweight, 76.7% attended ≥4 ANC visits and 65.7% were provided with ANC by skilled health workers. Sixty-two percent delivered in modern health facility, 67.5% were assisted by skilled health worker and 29.1% sought post-natal care within the first 3 days after delivery. The likelihood of delivery in health facility was 1.48 (C.I=1.10-1.99, p<0.05) higher among women in monogamous than those in polygamy family. The estimated maternal mortality ratio was 448 deaths/100,000 live-births. The findings emphasize the need to scale-up MH improvement strategies in the study area. La mauvaise Santé Maternelle (SM) reste un sujet de préoccupation pour la santé publique au Nigeria. Cette étude a identifié les déterminants de l'utilisation maternelle des services de santé et l'état nutritionnel dans une communauté rurale dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria. Il s'agissait d'une enquête transversale menée au sein des foyers des femmes âgées de 15-49 ans. Les données ont été analysées ? l'aide du chi carré, la régression logistique et des modèles linéaires généralisés (α = .05). L'âge moyen des interviewées était de 29,9 ± 7,8 ans et 9,0% présentaient une insuffisance pondérale, 76,7% ont assisté ? ≥4 des visites prénatales et 65,7% ont été bénéficie des services prénatals de la part du personnel de santé qualifié. Soixante-deux pour cent ont accouché dans un établissement de santé moderne, 67,5% ont été aidés par le personnel de santé qualifié et 29,1% ont demandé des soins post-natals dans au cours des trois premiers jours après l'accouchement. La probabilité de l'accouchement dans un établissement de santé était de 1,48 (C.I. = 1,10 ? 1,99, p <0,05) plus élevé chez les femmes monogames que celles de la famille polygamie. Le taux de mortalité maternelle était estimée ? 448 décès / 100.000 naissances vivantes. Les résultats soulignent la nécessité d'intensifier les stratégies d'amélioration SM dans la zone d'étude.

Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays) (QPM) varieties have been developed by scientists at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training in Nigeria. For these varieties to have significant impact, they must possess traits acceptable to farmers. A study was carried out to evaluate the agronomic and sensory traits of two Quality Protein Maize - ART-98-SW-6-OB (QPM1) and ILE-1-OB (QPM2), in comparison with ART-96-SW-1 (High Protein Maize) and SUWAN-1-SR (a popularly grown improved variety) in three maize growing communities of South West, Nigeria. Sixty (60) farmers comprising males and females were evaluated for six sensory parameters. The parameters tested were appearance, colour, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability. The results of the agronomic evaluation showed that there were no significant differences in the height of QPM varieties and HPM at harvest. QPM varieties gave the highest grain yield of 2.38t/ha for ART-98-SW-6OB and 2.36t/ha for ILE-1-OB. Sensory evaluation showed that when the maize varieties were processed into corn-soy milk, QPM corn-soy milk had the highest sensory scores for all sensory parameters tested. Quality Protein Maize varieties had high grain yield and were most preferred for maize pudding and corn-soy milk. The QPM varieties, if formulated into foods for household or commercial purposes, should have good chance of being accepted by farmers with continuous promotional campaigns.

\"In rural societies, where local culture and traditions are still very vibrant, responsibilities and tasks are often assigned to women and men on the basis of traditional gender roles, defined as those behaviours and responsibilities that a society considers appropriate for men, women, boys and girls. These roles change over time, have different characteristics in every local context and are shaped by ideological, religious, cultural, ethnic and economic factors. They are a key determinant of the distribution of resources and responsibilities between men and women. Recognizing the different roles that women and men play in the agriculture sector is key to identifying the diverse challenges they face and tailoring projects and programmes on their specific needs. Understanding and integrating these diverse roles and specific dynamics into projects and programmes can significantly improve their outcomes and effectiveness.\"--Publisher description.

Representing a departure from traditional studies of social organisation, the book asserts that a kinship system is best understood as a system of concepts rather than as a set of empirical relationships. Three aspects of life in the Panamanian community of Los Boquerones are described First published in 1976.

Drawing on a detailed study of three village-level disputes in the Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela traditional authority area, this article explores how intensifying land struggles on the platinum belt around Rustenburg are being mediated through conflicts over group boundaries and identities, and how this in turn is articulating a potentially new yet contradictory rural class politics. In a context where chiefly authorities are themselves becoming major shareholders in local mining operations, the burning question is whether the 'tribe' should be treated as the only legitimate African land-holding unit, or whether the collective ownership of mineralised land should reside in smaller socio-political groups, typically claiming decent from its original buyers. The article finds that while contested constructions of rural 'community' are emerging as a significant means of defending or advancing popular claims over landed resources, these corporate forms of organisation are simultaneously riven by gender, generational and other social divisions, and are prone to replicating the tribalist logics they seek to challenge. The attempt to establish private property rights through more exclusionary group definitions may therefore also act as an equally divisive force against those labelled 'outsiders', not least migrant mineworkers.

Raw material extraction once offered an effective route to economic development, but societal relationships with environment and technology have changed so fundamentally that extractive industries today appear more likely to lead rural regions to economic addiction. Key characteristics of addictive activities include rising costs of operation at most extractive facilities, combined with downward trends in world commodity prices. Key characteristics of vulnerable communities and regions include increasing geographic isolation, imbalances of scale and power with respect to extractive industries, and the absence of realistic alternatives for diversified development. Key pressures toward addiction are created by ambiguities that mask the addictive tendencies, including ambiguities of price signals, of employment and development possibilities for remote regions, and of resource exhaustion. The net result is that, while the encouragement to develop extractive industries is often coupled with advice to avoid developing an excessive dependency on a single economic sector, the very regions and nations having the greatest need to hear such advice may also have the lowest realistic ability to respond to it

Poor Maternal Health (MH) remains an issue of public health concern in Nigeria. This study identified the determinants of maternal utilization of health services and nutritional status in a rural community in south-west Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional house-hold survey of women aged 15-49 years. Data were analysed using Chi-square, logistic regression and generalized linear models (α=.05). Respondents' mean age was 29.9±7.8 years and about 9.0% were underweight, 76.7% attended ≥4 ANC visits and 65.7% were provided with ANC by skilled health workers. Sixty-two percent delivered in modern health facility, 67.5% were assisted by skilled health worker and 29.1% sought post-natal care within the first 3 days after delivery. The likelihood of delivery in health facility was 1.48(C.I=1.10-1.99, p<0.05) higher among women in monogamous than those in polygamy family. The estimated maternal mortality ratio was 448 deaths/100,000 live-births. The findings emphasize the need to scale-up MH improvement strategies in the study area. La mauvaise Santé Maternelle (SM) reste un sujet de préoccupation pour la santé publique au Nigeria. Cette étude a identifié les déterminants de l'utilisation maternelle des services de santé et l'état nutritionnel dans une communauté rurale dans le sud-ouest du Nigeria. Il s'agissait d'une enquête transversale menée au sein des foyers des femmes âgées de 15-49 ans. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide du chi carré, la régression logistique et des modèles linéaires généralisés (α = .05). L'âge moyen des interviewées était de 29,9 ± 7,8 ans et 9,0% présentaient une insuffisance pondérale, 76,7% ont assisté à ≥4 des visites prénatales et 65,7% ont été bénéficie des services prénatals de la part du personnel de santé qualifié. Soixante-deux pour cent ont accouché dans un établissement de santé moderne, 67,5% ont été aidés par le personnel de santé qualifié et 29,1% ont demandé des soins post-natals dans au cours des trois premiers jours après l'accouchement. La probabilité de l'accouchement dans un établissement de santé était de 1,48 (C.I. = 1,10 à 1,99, p <0,05) plus élevé chez les femmes monogames que celles de la famille polygamie. Le taux de mortalité maternelle était estimée à 448 décès / 100.000 naissances vivantes. Les résultats soulignent la nécessité d'intensifier les stratégies d'amélioration SM dans la zone d'étude

This monograph explores the ways in which people experience ‘development’ and how development shapes and maintains their lives. The discussion begins with Lampung Province, moves to one of the province’s highland regions, and ends in a village in this highland region. Colonial and post-colonial initiatives drove the transformation of Lampung in the twentieth century bringing mixed results and effects including rapid growth in agricultural production, the formation of ‘wealthy zones’ in some areas, and the creation of pockets of poverty in other areas. In Sumber Jaya and the highlands of Way Tenong, migrants have transformed one of Lampung’s last frontier regions into one of its ‘wealthy zones’. Although the bulk of these migrants migrated spontaneously, they were integrated within the framework of planned development. The level of progress that the region has achieved is largely the result of villagers’ efforts to bring state resources to the village. In conflict with forestry authorities for decades, farmers in some villages have agreed to establish a new relationship with authorities, but the struggle for control over land resources continues.

The concepts developed by the theory of repeated games are used to better understand the functions of the solidarity network - an essential feature in the Third World. The analysis shows: 1. how the insurance rationale is the major reason for the existence of such a system, 2. how imperfect observability limits its efficiency and generates incentive problems, 3. how the need for intertemporal insurance favors the emergence of centers or patrons able to concentrate resources and information, and 4. how large external shocks may lead to the rejection of poorer people from the system. The existence of solidarity networks influences how changes in economic environment affect behavior and welfare. There is no contradiction between the formalization of peasant behavior and the central idea of the moral economy of peasants - that is, that ethical values of precapitalistic societies emphasize solidarity as a moral obligation and subsistence as a right.