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"COMMUNITY FACILITIES"
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Cities and sports stadiums : a planning handbook
\"In cities and towns throughout the country, there is evidence that community development and renovation is increasingly being centered around multi-use stadiums and arenas. This book examines how local governments and organizations are revitalizing their communities through multi-use stadiums and arenas which provide the best inner-city venues for sports, entertainment, cultural events, and business expositions\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Quantitative Properties of the Macro Supply and Demand Structure for Care Facilities for Elderly in Japan
As the Asian country with the most aged population, Japan, has been modifying its social welfare system. In 2000, the Japanese social care vision turned towards meeting the elderly’s care needs in their own homes with proper formal care services. This study aims to understand the quantitative properties of the macro supply and demand structure for facilities for the elderly who require support or long-term care throughout Japan and present them as index values. Additionally, this study compares the targets for establishing long-term care facilities set by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare for 2025. In 2014, approximately 90% of all the people who were certified as requiring support and long-term care and those receiving preventive long-term care or long-term care services, were 75 years or older. The target increases in the number of established facilities by 2025 (for the 75-years-or-older population) were calculated to be 3.3% for nursing homes; 2.71% for long-term-care health facilities; 1.7% for group living facilities; and, 1.84% for community-based multi-care facilities. It was revealed that the establishment targets for 2025 also increase over current projections with the expected increase of the absolute number of users of group living facilities and community-based multi-care facilities. On the other hand, the establishment target for nursing homes remains almost the same as the current projection, whereas that for long-term-care health facilities decreases. These changes of facility ratios reveal that the Japanese social care system is shifting to realize ‘Ageing in Place’. When considering households’ tendencies, the target ratios for established facilities are expected to be applied to the other countries in Asia.
Journal Article
Assessing the location of public-and-community facilities for the elderly in Beijing, China
The spatial equity of public-and-community facilities (PCFs) is a significant aspect in improving the healthy living environment for the elderly as the elderly population increases rapidly in Beijing, China. This study aims to identify and map the distribution pattern of PCFs in a study area in four neighbouring subdistricts in Beijing and to analyze the spatial equity status of PCFs distributions integrally and respectively. Data for 15 types of PCFs located in the study area were collected. GIS spatial analysis tools, including global and local spatial autocorrelation, were used to analyse the spatial autocorrelation of various types of PCFs. The results show that, integrally, the density of PCFs is in a descending pattern as the distance increases from the city center. Respectively, the distribution pattern shows significant difference among various PCFs and the four subdistricts. The results of this study provide suggestions for future planning of healthy living environment for the elderly residents in a rapidly developing megacity and also shed light on future research on spatial equity of PCFs at the community level.
Journal Article
Reasons for underutilization of community care facilities for the elderly in China
Background
China’s government has invested a great deal of resources to improve the coverage rate of community care facilities for the elderly. However, the facilities that have been built are underutilized.
Methods
Referring to the Anderson model, a framework for analyzing the utilization of community care facilities for the elderly was constructed. Descriptive statistics on survey data from 17 communities demonstrated the status of the utilization, and binary logistic regression analysis examined the influencing factors of the utilization.
Results
Built community care facilities for the elderly are underutilized and there are significant differences in the influencing factors of the utilization between daily care facilities, medical care facilities, recreation facilities, and spiritual comfort facilities.
Conclusions
The main reasons for the underutilization can be delineated as follows: (1) The demand for community care facilities is outstripped by the supply, resulting in a surplus; (2) Complex constraints on demand for facilities due to insufficient enabling resources; (3) Inadequacy of community care facilities in meeting expectations. (4) High substitutability of community care facilities; (5) Bureaucratic pressure hindering facility development. To address the underutilization of community care facilities, it is recommended to clarify the community responsibility boundaries for elderly care and the role that the market plays in community care facilities for the elderly.
Journal Article
Issues and Needs of Elderly in Community Facilities and Services: A Case Study of Urban Housing Projects in Bangkok, Thailand
Thailand is projected to become a “super-aged” society in 2050, with more than 35 percent of the population aged 60 or above. The aging population represents enormous challenges in supporting the elderly’s needs in terms of living environment and well-being. Providing community facilities and services that foster healthy aging in urban residential areas ensures that older adults feel comfortable aging in their homes or communities. Therefore, this research study includes a comprehensive assessment of the needs of elderly people that used community facilities and services using a focus group interview, a site investigation, and a questionnaire survey in five urban housing projects in Bangkok. The study reveals that the need for community facilities and services, such as green spaces, safety facilities, and medical services, was prioritized by the majority of elderly respondents, especially those who were ambulant and active. Elderly people’s income and health status, the provision of community facilities and services for the elderly, and the usability and accessibility of community facilities were found to be key factors that affected elderly people’s satisfaction and participation in social activities. As reported in the literature, an elderly-friendly living environment should support social activities in the open spaces of residential areas. It is revealed by the study that green spaces, safety facilities, elderly clubs, medical and long-term care services, and social activity arrangement services were instrumental for elderly people’s social and health status; therefore, these should be considered by housing developers and facility managers.
Journal Article
Effect of income inequality, community infrastructure and individual stressors on adult depression
Abstract
This paper considers the impact of variables at three different levels—city, community and individual—on the depression of adults aged 45 years and above in China. Evidence shows that community factors, such as infrastructure and elderly centres, are critical to reduce depression but the effect of city-level factors such as lowering income inequality and improving public health investment is different for the segments of poor and non-poor as well as the rural and urban residents. This highlights the need to consider targeted policy mix options to avoid resource misallocation. Lastly, Chinese females’ depression has worsened over time with ageing, particularly those who drink alcohol or are less educated are prone to depression prompting the need for specialist women health centres.
Journal Article
A systematic review of the literature for evidence on health facility committees in low- and middle-income countries
Community participation in health (CPH) has been advocated as a healthimproving strategy for many decades. However, CPH comes in many different forms, one of which is the use of health facility committees (HFCs) on which there is community representation. This paper presents the findings of a systematic literature review of: (a) the evidence of HFCs' effectiveness, and (b) the factors that influence the performance and effectiveness of HFCs. Four electronic databases and the websites of eight key organizations were searched. Out of 341 potentially relevant publications, only four provided reasonable evidence of the effectiveness of HFCs. A further 37 papers were selected and used to draw out data on the factors that influence the functioning of HFCs. A conceptual model was developed to describe the key factors. It consists of, firstly, the features of the HFC, community and facility, and their interactions; secondly, process factors relating to the way HFCs are established and supported; and finally, a set of contextual factors. The review found some evidence that HFCs can be effective in terms of improving the quality and coverage of health care, as well as impacting on health outcomes. However, the external validity of these studies is inevitably limited. Given the different potential roles/functions of HFCs and the complex and multiple set of factors influencing their functioning, there is no 'one size fits air approach to CPH via HFCs, nor to the evaluation of HFCs. However, there are plenty of experiences and lessons in the literature which decision makers and managers can use to optimize HFCs.
Journal Article
Community-Based Plastic Waste Management Model in Bangun Village, Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia
This study aims to design a community-based plastic waste management model specifically for Bangun Village, Mojokerto. Using a qualitative approach through a detailed case study, we gathered rich data from observations, interviews, and document reviews. Our findings reveal that the plastic waste management situation in Bangun Village is fraught with significant social, economic, and environmental challenges. These include inadequate waste segregation, limited recycling facilities, and a general lack of community awareness and participation. The proposed model seeks to address these issues by implementing several key components: community-based plastic waste collection and processing, educational programs to raise awareness and promote sustainable practices, partnerships with external stakeholders such as local government bodies, NGOs, and private sector entities, and institutional restructuring to support and sustain these initiatives. Central to this model is the belief that community education and awareness are crucial foundations for fostering sustainable behavior. By actively involving the community in the waste management process, the model not only aims to mitigate the plastic waste problem but also seeks to provide economic and social benefits to the residents of Bangun Village. This includes creating job opportunities, improving public health, and enhancing the overall quality of life. The strength of this model lies in its ability to integrate community participation, policy support, and external partnerships, making it a robust and effective solution for sustainable plastic waste management. By fostering a collaborative and inclusive approach, the model aims to create a sustainable and resilient community that can effectively tackle the plastic waste challenge while reaping economic and social benefits. In conclusion, the community-based plastic waste management model proposed for Bangun Village has the potential to bring about significant positive changes in the way plastic waste is managed. Through this model, we hope to empower the community to contribute to solving the plastic waste problem while also benefiting economically and socially.
Journal Article
Aging in Place in Urban Regeneration Areas: Associations with Built Environment Across Age Groups
In the context of rapid population aging, aging in place, or remaining in one’s home and community as one grows older, has become an important policy and research issue. This study examines how environmental factors related to age-friendly cities are associated with aging in place across age groups in urban regeneration areas, focusing on nine urban regeneration community facilities in Daegu, South Korea. Survey data from 563 adults with experience using these facilities were used as the primary dataset, supplemented by GIS-based neighborhood environment data. Environmental factors were categorized into three dimensions—built environment, social environment, and health and social services—and their associations with aging in place were examined using logistic regression models estimated separately for three age groups (young, middle-aged, and older adults). The results indicate that associations between environmental factors and aging in place vary across age groups. The built environment was more strongly associated with aging in place among older adults, particularly in relation to housing and transportation, whereas the social environment, including social inclusion and participation, was significant only among young adults. Within health and social services, community support and health services were consistently associated with aging in place across all age groups. In addition, descriptive findings from selected cases indicate that high levels of aging in place among older adults were observed in both transit-oriented urban settings and nature-oriented non-urban settings. Overall, the findings highlight the need for age-responsive and context-sensitive environmental strategies in urban regeneration areas.
Journal Article