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Objective. Our goal was to analyze the use and impact of traditional and academic social networks on the visibility, dissemination, and impact metrics of scientific journals indexed in Scopus from countries in the Andean Community of Nations from 2020 to 2024. Design/Methodology/Approach. A descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised 81 scientific journals from Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, identified through various databases, including Latindex, SciELO, and national indexing systems. Their presence on both conventional (X, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and TikTok) and academic (ResearchGate) social networks was analyzed using content analysis, engagement metrics, sentiment analysis, and correlation with bibliometric indicators. Results/Discussion. Eighty-nine percent of the journals are on X, 45.7% on Facebook, and 34.6% on ResearchGate. Colombia accounts for 55.6% of the journals, followed by Peru (22.2%), Ecuador (14.8%), and Bolivia (7.4%). A significant correlation was found between the h-index and followers on X (r = 0.67), as well as between mentions on social networks and traditional citations (r = 0.71). Instagram showed the highest level of engagement at 7.1%. Conclusions. Social networks increase regional scientific visibility, with X being a major platform and academic networks closely connected to impact metrics. It is advisable to implement integrated digital strategies. Originality/Value. The study presents an innovative approach by combining bibliometric and altmetric metrics, highlighting the strategic role of social networks in the scientific communication of the Andean Community of Nations, and provides empirical evidence to support digital editorial policies.

This study analyzes forest fire legislation and policies in the Andean Community of Nations (ACN)—Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia—focusing on prevention and control. Using a comparative law approach, similarities, differences, and implementation challenges were identified. Ecuador and Peru have more comprehensive legal structures, while Colombia’s is simpler, and Bolivia falls in between. To address these gaps, this study proposes an Andean Directive for Integrated Fire Management (ADIFM) to harmonize policies and incorporate fire ecology, ancestral knowledge, education, monitoring technologies, and post-fire restoration. This regulatory framework, tailored to Andean ecological and sociocultural conditions, would optimize fire management and strengthen ecosystem resilience. Additionally, harmonizing sanctions and regulations at the regional level would ensure more coherent and effective governance. The ADIFM would provide strategic guidance for policymakers, fostering sustainable fire management and environmental restoration across Andean ecosystems.

This study addresses the gap in adequate innovation-measuring frameworks within the Andean Community of Nations (CAN) by analyzing the applicability of the CRI (Capabilities, Results, and Impacts of Innovation) model for assessing the organizational innovation potential in this region. A comparative review of the contemporary innovation measurement methodologies that have been used in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia reveals that numerous frameworks have assessed innovation skills, yet they have inadequately analyzed innovation outcomes and consequences. In response, this research study contributes a more comprehensive approach - the CRI model - for assessing innovation potential in the Andean context, providing significant insights for policymakers and practitioners aiming to enhance innovation performance.

Ethical issues of nations are not just a simple and desirable topic in moral and political philosophy. On the one hand, we would like to address general and important topics that are less controversial, and therefore the topic of the nation does not suit us very well. On the other hand, since the end of the First World War, we have been divided into nation states, especially in the European context, as the conquest of a national self-determined movement. In the political space of a unifying Europe, after the fall of the Berlin Wall, there was again talk of the nation as a restrictive, even unsatisfactory concept of future development. However, the ensuing wave of nationalism, even in the great states of the world, shows a phenomenon that is not so easy to circumvent. It was in the 1990s that several personalities tried to take a stand on the importance of nations for the future of human development. Pope John Paul II of Poland was one of them.

Resumen: Este artículo ofrece, como se expone en su Presentación, una aproximación al Congreso Nacional de fray Melchor de Talamantes, como el primer proyecto constitucional para el México Independiente, que además propone la articulación de una especie de comunidad de Reinos Hispanoamericanos. Para ello, bajo el epígrafe El hombre (Melchor de Talamantes) y su circunstancia (Nueva España, 1808) se hace en primer lugar un breve recuento de la biografía de Talamantes, desde su formación en Lima, pasando por su estancia en Nueva España, así como de la situación política que le tocó vivir. Seguidamente, en el apartado La radiografía intelectual del ideólogo se exponen los principales rasgos e influencias del pensamiento político-jurídico de Talamantes, que subyace detrás de sus planteamientos concretos.  Dentro del mismo, se identifica la ascendencia del iusnaturalismo racionalista, del pensamiento ilustrado y de la segunda escolástica española y en particular del pactismo de Francisco Suárez. Finalmente, en la sección denominada El Congreso Nacional del Reino de Nueva España se realiza una síntesis de dicho documento, exponiendo también sus principales aportaciones al constitucionalismo mexicano e iberoamericano. El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación exhaustiva, donde se tomaron en cuenta las principales indirectas sobre Talamantes y su obra, así como, especialmente, las fuentes directas consistentes en sus manuscritos y en los papeles de la causa que se instruyó en su contra por infidelidad al Rey, mismos que fueron consultados tanto en su edición corriente, como directamente en el Archivo General de la nación de México. La conclusión general que se desprende del artículo es que el Congreso Nacional es el primer proyecto constitucional del México Independiente, que a pesar de ser poco conocido y de haber tenido una limitada influencia entre sus contemporáneos, dada la manera intempestiva y determinante en que fue conjurado el movimiento de 1808, reviste un especial interés para los estudiosos de la historia del derecho y, específicamente, para los estudiosos de la historia del derecho constitucional mexicano e iberoamericano. Asimismo, se concluye que Melchor de Talamantes fue sin duda el más ilustrado y erudito ideólogo de la emancipación de Nueva España, revistiendo un especial interés para la comprensión del ambiente cultural de su época, la biografía intelectual que puede ofrecerse de su persona, en virtud de la fortuna de la conservación de la relación de libros que obraban en su biblioteca personal, así como de las demás noticias que tenemos de sus intereses y lecturas.  Abstract: This article provides, as discussed in his Presentation, an approach to the National Congress of Fray Melchor de Talamantes, as the first draft constitution for the Independent Mexico, which proposes the articulation of a kind of Commonwealth of the Hispanic Kingdoms.  For such purpose, under the section The Man (Melchor de Talamantes) and his circumstance (New Spain, 1808) a brief biography of Talamantes is included, since its formation in Lima, through his stay in New Spain, as well as the political situation in which he lived. Thereafter, in the section Intellectual radiography of the ideologue the main features and influences of the political and legal thought of Talamantes is presented, highlighting the ascendancy of rationalist natural law, the Enlightenment and the second Spanish scholastic and in particular of Francisco Suarez. Finally, in the section called The National Congress of the Kingdom of New Spain a summary of said document is offered, also exposing his main contributions to the Mexican and Ibero-American constitutionalism. This article is the result of an extensive research, which took into account the existing literature around Talamantes and his work, but specially the direct sources consisting on his manuscripts and papers of the process instructed against him for infidelity to the King, which were consulted both in its current edition and directly in the General Archive of the Nation of Mexico. The main conclusion of this article is that Talamantes’ National Congress is the first constitutional project for the Independent Mexico, despite being barely known and despite its limited influence among his contemporaries, given the untimely and decisive way in which the movement of 1808 was conjured. Notwithstanding, the document is of particular interest to students of the history of law and specifically to students of the History of Mexican and Ibero-American Constitutional Law. It also concludes that Melchor de Talamantes was undoubtedly the most learned and erudite ideologue of the emancipation of New Spain, with and special interest for understanding the cultural milieu of the time, since the intellectual biography that can be offered of his person, thanks to the fortune conservation of the list of the books that were in his personal library, as well as other documented information on his interests and readings. Title: The first constitutional project for independent Mexico and its proposal of a Hispanic American Commonwealth: the Congreso Nacional of Talamantes Summary: I. PRESENTATION. II. THE MAN (MELCHOR DE TALAMANTES) AND HIS CIRCUMSTANCES (NEW SPAIN, 1808). III. THE INTELLECTUAL RADIOGRAPHY OF THE IDEOLOGIST. IV. THE CONGRESO NACIONAL OF THE KINGDOM OF THE NEW SPAIN.

The article evaluates the international coordination process of macroeconomic policies carried out by Colombia within the framework of the Macroeconomic Convergence Program of the Andean Community of Nations (CAN, from its Spanish initials). It examines the relationship between the achievement of macroeconomic policy goals and the international coordination of CAN policies by consulting a group of experts in this field.

The article evaluates the international coordination process of macroeconomic policies carried out by Colombia within the framework of the Macroeconomic Convergence Program of the Andean Community of Nations (CAN, from its Spanish initials). It examines the relationship between the achievement of macroeconomic policy goals and the international coordination of CAN policies by consulting a group of experts in this field. Adapted from the source document.

For the first time in the republican history of Peru, the presidential transition takes place in democracy, social peace, fast economic growth and favorable world markets. In other words, there has never been a better chance to build a different Peru - a richer country, more equal and governable. There are multiple ways to achieve that goal. New reforms must stem from a widespread and participatory debate, one of a common vision conceived for and by Peruvians. This book aims at making a technical and independent contribution to such debate; it summarizes the knowledge available about the challenges to be faced by the new administration. The study does not recommend silver bullets, but suggests policy options. It is based on the analysis of the current reality and in six decades of relationships with Peru, in which the Bank has implemented more than 100 projects and prepared more than 500 technical reports covering the wide range of development topics. When necessary, the study provides lessons that the Bank has learned elsewhere. The study provides a conceptual framework to the analysis of the country's 34 economic sectors and the two historical perspectives behind them. In doing so, it offers a comprehensive reform agenda that sheds light on possible priorities and courses of action.

To further understandings of household food insecurity in First Nations communities in Canada and its relationship with obesity. Analysis of a cross-sectional dataset from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study representative of First Nations communities south of the 60th parallel. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between food insecurity and sociodemographic factors, as well as the odds of obesity among food-insecure households adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Western and Central Canada. First Nations peoples aged ≥19 years. Forty-six percent of First Nations households experienced food insecurity. Food insecurity was highest for respondents who received social assistance; had ≤10 years of education; were female; had children in the household; were 19-30 years old; resided in Alberta; and had no year-round road access into the community. Rates of obesity were highest for respondents residing in marginally food-insecure households (female 56·6 %; male 54·6 %). In gender-specific analyses, the odds of obesity were highest among marginally food-insecure households in comparison with food-secure households, for both female (OR 1·57) and male (OR 1·57) respondents, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. For males only, those in severely food-insecure (compared with food-secure) households had lower odds of obesity after adjusting for confounding (OR 0·56). The interrelated challenges of food insecurity and obesity in First Nations communities emphasise the need for Indigenous-led, culturally appropriate and food sovereign approaches to food security and nutrition in support of holistic wellness and prevention of chronic disease.

Poor indoor air quality poses significant health risks. This study addresses the gap in knowledge regarding the prevalence of indoor air pollutants in remote and rural First Nation communities in north-central British Columbia, Canada. Dust samples from 75 homes were collected and analysed for house dust mites, pet allergens, mould antigens, and bacterial endotoxins. Indoor air quality parameters, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, particulate matter, temperature, and humidity, were measured. A detailed questionnaire on household characteristics and potential pollutant sources was administered. Homes exhibited exposure to multiple pollutants, with wood stove smoke identified as a primary source. Felis domesticus (cat allergen) and Canis familiaris (dog allergen) were prevalent, with detectable levels in 64% and 60% of homes, respectively. Bacterial endotoxins were present in all households. One-third of homes exceeded recommended thresholds for 3 or more pollutants. This study provides critical insights into the prevalence and magnitude of indoor air pollutants, contributing to a broader initiative to characterise respiratory health in First Nations communities. While many homes in First Nations communities had acceptable air quality, one-third of homes exceeded thresholds for 3 or more pollutants. The results can guide ongoing community efforts to address housing concerns and advocate for increased federal funding.