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The construction of digital twin cities is a current research hotspot. Video data are one of the important aspects of digital twin cities, and their digital modeling is one of the important foundations of its construction. For this reason, the construction and digital analysis of video data space has become an urgent problem to be solved. After in-depth research, this study found that the existing video space construction methods have three shortcomings: first, the problem of high requirements for objective conditions or low accuracy; second, the lack of easy and efficient mapping algorithms from 2D video pixel coordinates to 3D; and third, the lack of efficient correlation mechanisms between video space and external geographic information, making it difficult to integrate video space with external information, and thus prevent a more effective analysis. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a video stereo grid geometric space construction method based on GeoSOT-3D stereo grid coding and a camera imaging model to form a video stereo grid space model. Finally, targeted experiments of video stereo grid space geometry construction were conducted to analyze the experimental results before and after optimization and compare the variance size to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.

This contribution offers a critical reflection on restoration practices at the UNESCO site of Ivrea, a 20th-century industrial city, gained through involvement in the restoration of buildings emblematic of Olivetti architecture. Recent experiences on buildings of historical, architectural and symbolic importance - Officine ICO, Centro Servizi Sociali, ex SERTEC - are presented to focus on technical and conservation choices and the critical issues in managing changes of use, material modifications and the coexistence of functional requirements and conservation needs. At the centre is the construction site as a space for verification and knowledge, where the theory of modern restoration is measured against operational challenges. The theme of the balance between philological conservation and compliance with regulations on energy efficiency, safety and comfort recurs. What emerges is the complexity of a relationship to be negotiated between conservation and transformation, between the protection of historical and cultural value and regulatory innovation.

Sofic groups were defined implicitly by Gromov and explicitly by Weiss. All residually finite groups (and hence all linear groups) are sofic. The purpose of this paper is to introduce, for every countable sofic group GG, a family of measure-conjugacy invariants for measure-preserving GG-actions on probability spaces. These invariants generalize Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy for actions of amenable groups. They are computed exactly for Bernoulli shifts over GG, leading to a complete classification of Bernoulli systems up to measure-conjugacy for many groups, including all countable linear groups. Recent rigidity results of Y. Kida and S. Popa are utilized to classify Bernoulli shifts over mapping class groups and property (T) groups up to orbit equivalence and von Neumann equivalence, respectively.

Description This collaborative book compiles thirty chapters on the theory and practice of designing and building inhabited environments in outer space. Given the highly visual nature of architecture, the book is rich in graphics including diagrams, design drawings, digital renderings, and photographs of models and of executed and operational designs. Written by the global network of practicing space architects, the book introduces a wealth of ideas and images explaining how humans live in space now, and how they may do so in the near and distant future. It describes the governing constraints of the hostile space environment, outlines key issues involved in designing orbital and planet-surface architecture, surveys the most advanced space architecture of today, and proposes far-ranging designs for an inspiring future. It also addresses earth-based space architecture: space analogue and mission support facilities, and terrestrial uses of space technology. In addition to surveying the range of space architecture design, from sleeping quarters to live-in rovers to Moon bases and space cities, the book provides a valuable archival reference for professionals. Space enthusiasts, architects, aerospace engineers, and students will find it a fascinating read.

[Purpose/Significance] With the rapid development and widespread application of the Internet, artificial intelligence, information technology, and other technologies, China's education informatization is currently in a critical period of integration and innovation combining digital technology and education. The deep integration of intelligent technology and education has brought diversified changes to education. The Education 4.0 concept, which emphasizes personalized education and innovative teaching with students as the main focus, has emerged. The Higher Education Department of the Ministry of Education of China proposed in its 2023 key work points, it is required to explore and promote the pilot of the \"Future Learning Center\", leverage the advantages of university libraries, integrate various learning resources in the school, utilize new generation information technology, and create a new grassroot learning organization that supports the transformation of learning methods. According to the development trend of the new paradigm of education in the new era, university libraries should construct diversified ecological spaces and learning scenarios through literature resource integration, spatial process reengineering, intelligent technology application, and learning support services. [Method/Process] By conducting targeted literature analysis, conducting research on university libraries, and paying attention to industry seminars, the current research status and construction progress of future learning centers in China are summarized. The changes in learning space, teacher roles, course content, learning methods, and evaluation systems of future learning centers under the development trend of Education 4.0 are analyzed, Summarize the basic characteristics that future learning centers should present after achieving seamless integration between knowledge, resources, users, and scenarios. Based on the service functions of university libraries in learning, academia, culture, innovation, etc., focus on exploring the construction and service paths of spaces such as self-learning support space, education and teaching support space, digital academic support space, and creative creation support space, the goal is to create a diversified learning ecosystem that integrates reading, teaching, experience, participation, exploration, collaboration, and creation. [Results/Conclusions] The future learning center will become an important opportunity for university libraries to transform from a resource center to a learning center. However, the construction of future learning centers is not standardized or exemplary. Each school must \"put people first\", investigate and analyze the user needs, behavioral habits, subject characteristics, and school situation of its teachers and students, balance user needs and library situation, and highlight key points and characteristics. At the same time, university libraries need to cooperate with colleges and departments to jointly build, coordinate the technology and strength of the entire school, integrate and share resources, collaborate and use technology, cross integrate disciplines, and exchange and recognize evaluation systems. University libraries aim to create a new campus learning ecosystem through the construction of future learning centers, providing readers with personalized learning services, intelligent learning environments, precise learning platforms, and innovative learning ecosystems, and achieving the educational goals of students' autonomous learning, intelligent learning, and lifelong learning.

Under the context of territorial spatial planning in the new era, it is of great significance to analyze the future land use competition pattern to construct a sustainable and adaptive management strategy for territorial spatial development and utilization protection. Taking Shenyang, a megacity in Northeast China, as the case study area, and the geographic information system technologies and the patch-generation land use simulation (PLUS) model was used to simulate the land use competition pattern in 2030 under four scenarios. Meanwhile, the dynamic evolution of territorial spatial structure competition was monitored based on the perspective of agricultural, ecological, and construction land space. The results show that land use competition was driven by food security, economic growth, and ecological protection. The results showed that (1) the most frequent changes in cultivated land and construction land were found in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and their competitive advantage among land use types was obvious. As for the driving mechanism, the influencing effect of socioeconomic factors on land use type competition was more significant than that of natural factors. (2) The competitive dominance scenario of cultivated land protection and the synergistic dominance scenario of cultivated land, ecological, and construction could help optimize and control the land use competition pattern. (3) The information entropy and equilibrium index of the territorial spatial structure increase in both scenarios; the dominance index decreases, and the proportion of agricultural, ecological, and construction space is more coordinated. The results may assist a holistic understanding of land use change to coordinate the competition among agricultural, ecological, and construction space and facilitate the realization of high-quality territorial spatial development goals.

Establishing a sustainable human presence on the Moon and Mars will require the use of locally available resources for construction. A binder material similar to concrete is a promising candidate, provided that its production and performance under reduced gravity can be reliably understood. Previous microgravity investigations demonstrated the feasibility of mixing cementitious materials in space but produced irregular or low-quality specimens that limited standardized mechanical testing. To address these limitations, the MASON (Material Science on Solidification of Concrete) team developed the first-generation MASON Concrete Mixer (MCM), which enabled the safe production of cylindrical specimens aboard the International Space Station (ISS). However, its fully manual operation introduced variability and required significant astronaut time. Building on this foundation, the development of an automated MCM prototype is presented in this study. It integrates motorized mixing and programmable process control into the established containment architecture. This system enables reproducible specimen production by eliminating operator-dependent variations while reducing crew workload. In comparison to manually mixed samples, the automated MCM demonstrated reduced variability in the tested concrete properties. The automated MCM represents a first step toward autonomous space instrumentation for high-quality materials research and provides a scalable path to uncrewed missions and future extraterrestrial construction technologies.

By combining an aerial display, user tracking system, and virtual reality (VR) space, we realized an aerial interface for providing both an immersive user experience and real-time communication with people outside the device. We developed a simple application for detecting user contact and changing the color of an object to measure the latency of our aerial interface system.

We give a characterisation of the polyanalytic type subspaces of the Hilbert spaces H , being the weighted L 2 function spaces on a connected simply connected domains D ⊂ C n . The typical examples considered in the paper are the unit ball B n and the whole space  C n . Our approach is based on the use of the two tuples of operators a = ( a 1 , a 2 , … , a n ) and b = ( b 1 , b 2 , … , b n ) , which act invariantly in some linear space and satisfy therein the commutation relations a j , b ℓ = δ j , ℓ I , a j , a ℓ = 0 , b j , b ℓ = 0 , j , ℓ = 1 , 2 , . . . , n . We assume further that a common invariant domain of the above operators is a dense linear subspace in a Hilbert space H , and impose several additional conditions. The exact formulation is given in the Extended Fock space construction. Further we specify the obtained description to different concrete realizations of the above operators and Hilbert spaces H , illustrating a variety of possibilities that may occur in the characterisation of the polyanalytic type spaces in several complex variables.