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Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Analysis of Public Attitudes on Facebook and Twitter Toward COVID-19 Vaccines in the United Kingdom and the United States: Observational Study
Global efforts toward the development and deployment of a vaccine for COVID-19 are rapidly advancing. To achieve herd immunity, widespread administration of vaccines is required, which necessitates significant cooperation from the general public. As such, it is crucial that governments and public health agencies understand public sentiments toward vaccines, which can help guide educational campaigns and other targeted policy interventions.
The aim of this study was to develop and apply an artificial intelligence-based approach to analyze public sentiments on social media in the United Kingdom and the United States toward COVID-19 vaccines to better understand the public attitude and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines.
Over 300,000 social media posts related to COVID-19 vaccines were extracted, including 23,571 Facebook posts from the United Kingdom and 144,864 from the United States, along with 40,268 tweets from the United Kingdom and 98,385 from the United States from March 1 to November 22, 2020. We used natural language processing and deep learning-based techniques to predict average sentiments, sentiment trends, and topics of discussion. These factors were analyzed longitudinally and geospatially, and manual reading of randomly selected posts on points of interest helped identify underlying themes and validated insights from the analysis.
Overall averaged positive, negative, and neutral sentiments were at 58%, 22%, and 17% in the United Kingdom, compared to 56%, 24%, and 18% in the United States, respectively. Public optimism over vaccine development, effectiveness, and trials as well as concerns over their safety, economic viability, and corporation control were identified. We compared our findings to those of nationwide surveys in both countries and found them to correlate broadly.
Artificial intelligence-enabled social media analysis should be considered for adoption by institutions and governments alongside surveys and other conventional methods of assessing public attitude. Such analyses could enable real-time assessment, at scale, of public confidence and trust in COVID-19 vaccines, help address the concerns of vaccine sceptics, and help develop more effective policies and communication strategies to maximize uptake.
Journal Article
Spontaneous acts
Patrik is a literary researcher living in Berlin, a city just coming back to life after lockdown. Though his beloved opera houses are open again, Patrik cannot leave the house and hardly manages to get out of bed. He is supposed to give a paper at a conference in Paris, on the poetry collection Threadsuns by Paul Celan, but he can't get past the first question on the registraton form: 'What is your nationality?' As Patrik attempts to understand himself and find connection in a world that constantly overwhelms him, he meets a mysterious stranger. The man's name is Leo-Eric Fu, and somehow he already knows Patrik...
BOOK
Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety After COVID‐19 Despite Systematic Telemedical Care: Results From the Prospective COVID‐SMART Study
Background: Long‐COVID has attracted increased attention with rising numbers of affected patients and high individual symptom burden. Prior studies have described its prevalence, course of disease, and severity. Yet, the influence of intensive care, including telemedical support for patients at risk for a severe course of the initial COVID‐19 disease, on the occurrence of Long‐COVID and its associated symptoms is studied to a lesser extent. Methods: Here, we report the long‐term results of the COVID‐SMART study, which randomized at‐risk COVID‐19 patients to either smartwatch‐based monitoring with telemedical support or standard care. We investigate Long‐COVID symptoms, including symptoms of depression and anxiety after 12 months. Findings: Between October 2020 and May 2022, we enrolled 607 patients in the COVID‐SMART study. Complete 12‐month follow‐up was available for 573 patients, with 288 patients randomized to the intervention group and 285 to the control group. Overall, 234 participants (40.8%) reported COVID‐related symptoms, with a high prevalence of symptoms of depression (209 participants, 36.5%) and anxiety (232 participants, 40.5%). However, telemedical support did not reduce these symptoms at follow‐up. Multivariable regression analysis identified sex, active smoking, and pre‐existing asthma as significant predictors of both outcomes. Interpretation: COVID‐SMART is the first prospective, randomized clinical trial to systematically assess the impact of telemedical care on the development of Long‐COVID associated risk of depression and anxiety. We identify in part modifiable risk factors for these outcomes. However, telemedical support does not appear to be beneficial in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression and should hence be focused to the acute infection phase. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04471636
Journal Article
La fin des poux?
Juste avant le confinement qui a précédé la fermeture précipitée des écoles, la petite Annette a attrapé des poux en montrant son dessin d'un peu trop près à Philibert. Depuis, les petites bestioles savourent leur existence sur la tête de la fillette, dont le papa monoparental est beaucoup trop débordé pour déceler leur présence. Dans ces circonstances idéales, elles ont même tant et si bien proliféré qu'elles se retrouvent désormais très à l'étroit sur la tête de leur jeune hôte! Mais, où pourraient-elles bien migrer alors que le père de la fillette est chauve, que la nourriture est totalement immangeable sur le chien de la maisonnée et que la maman de la voisine veille à ce qu'Annette et Mireille gardent constamment une certaine distance entre elles? La panique et le désespoir gagnent les poux, qui se demandent si leur fin ne serait pas arrivée... [SDM].
Book
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (
n
= 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world.
Protocol registration
The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1
This Registered Report presents evidence from 87 countries and regions showing that brief emotion-regulation interventions consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Journal Article
Mixed methods examination of risk perception on vaccination intentions: The perspective of doctor–patient communication
From the perspective of doctor–patient communication, this research used multiple methods combined natural language processing (NLP), a cross-sectional survey and an online experiment to investigated how risk perception influenced people’s vaccination intention.
In Study 1, we used Python to crawl 335,045 comments about COVID-19 vaccine published in a social media platform Sina Weibo (equivalent of Twitter in China) from 31 December 2020 to 31 December 2021. Text analysis and sentiment analysis was used to examine how vaccination intention, as measured by linguistic features from the LIWC dictionary, changed with individuals' perceptions of pandemic risk. In Study 2, we adopted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey to further test the relation of risk perception, vaccination intention, trust in physicians, and perceived medical recommendations in a Chinese sample (n = 386). In Study 3, we conducted an online experiment where we recruited 127 participants with high trust in physicians and 127 participants with low trust, and subsequently randomly allocated them into one of three conditions: control, rational recommendation, or perceptual recommendation.
Text and sentiment analysis revealed that the use of negative words towards COVID-19 vaccine had a significant decrease at high (vs. low) risk perception level time (Study 1). Trust in physicians mediated the effect of risk perception on vaccination intention and this effect was reinforced for participants with low (vs. high) level of perceived medical recommendation (Study 2), especially for the rational (vs. perceptual) recommendation condition (Study 3).
Risk perception increased vaccination intention through the mediating effect of trust in physicians and the moderating effect of perceived medical recommendations. Rational (vs. perceptual) recommendation is more effective in increasing intention to get vaccinated in people with low trust in physicians.
Journal Article
Investigating differential effects of socio-emotional and mindfulness-based online interventions on mental health, resilience and social capacities during the COVID-19 pandemic: The study protocol
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to a mental health crisis on a global scale. Epidemiological studies have reported a drastic increase in mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, increased loneliness and feelings of disconnectedness from others, while resilience levels have been negatively affected, indicating an urgent need for intervention. The current study is embedded within the larger CovSocial project which sought to evaluate longitudinal changes in vulnerability, resilience and social cohesion during the pandemic. The current second phase will investigate the efficacy of brief online mental training interventions in reducing mental health problems, and enhancing psychological resilience and social capacities. It further provides a unique opportunity for the prediction of intervention effects by individual biopsychosocial characteristics and preceding longitudinal change patterns during the pandemic in 2020/21.
We will examine the differential effects of a socio-emotional (including 'Affect Dyad') and a mindfulness-based (including 'Breathing Meditation') intervention, delivered through a web- and cellphone application. Participants will undergo 10 weeks of intervention, and will be compared to a retest control group. The effectiveness of the interventions will be evaluated in a community sample (N = 300), which is recruited from the original longitudinal CovSocial sample. The pre- to post-intervention changes, potential underlying mechanisms, and prediction thereof, will be assessed on a wide range of outcomes: levels of stress, loneliness, depression and anxiety, resilience, prosocial behavior, empathy, compassion, and the impact on neuroendocrine, immunological and epigenetic markers. The multi-method nature of the study will incorporate self-report questionnaires, behavioral tasks, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approaches, and biological, hormonal and epigenetic markers assessed in saliva.
Results will reveal the differential effectiveness of two brief online interventions in improving mental health outcomes, as well as enhancing social capacities and resilience. The present study will serve as a first step for future application of scalable, low-cost interventions at a broader level to reduce stress and loneliness, improve mental health and build resilience and social capacities in the face of global stressors.
This trial has been registered on May 17, 2020 with the ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04889508 registration number (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04889508).
Journal Article
Psychological distress, vaccine, and booster acceptance in women considering or undergoing fertility treatments during the Omicron surge of the COVID-19 pandemic
ObjectiveFollow-up study to evaluate perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and booster with psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and Omicron surge in women considering or undergoing fertility treatment.Materials and methodsCross-sectional anonymous survey (N = 2558) from a single academic fertility center. Five hundred forty patients completed the survey (response rate = 21.1%). Participants were randomized 1:1 to a one-page evidence-based graphic with information and benefits regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Mental health and vaccine hesitancy were assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression (PHQ-8), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scales, and the Medical Mistrust Index (MMI).ResultsMajority of participants were nulliparous, fully vaccinated with a booster dose, with > 1 year of infertility and mild to moderate distress. Patients with vaccine hesitancy had higher medical mistrust scores (r = .21, p < .001). Higher MMI scores were not associated with vaccination during pregnancy. Participants that had higher PHQ-8 and GAD-7 scores were more likely to believe the omicron variant would cause delay in fertility treatments, would have impact on fertility outcome, and were more likely exhibiting medical system distrust (p < .001). Participants who received educational material were more likely to know pregnant women with COVID-19 had increased risk of death, stillbirth, and preterm birth (p < .05).ConclusionThe majority of women in this study were vaccinated and had received their booster dose but also with clinically significant levels of depression. Patients with higher levels of distress and greatest medical mistrust demonstrated a concern that the Omicron variant would delay treatment, lead to suboptimal fertility outcomes, and COVID-19 vaccination would impact risk of miscarriages.
Journal Article
The mediating role of resilience in the effects of physical exercise on college students’ negative emotions during the COVID-19 epidemic
Due to its suddenness and unpredictability, COVID-19 caused strife and effects on public mental health, resulting in a surge of negative emotions. The study explores the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions in home-based college students during the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the mediating role of resilience, thus providing a new basis for understanding the role of physical exercise in improving negative emotions in college students; A total of 1214 college students were investigated with the Physical Exercise Questionnaire, Negative Emotion Scale and Resilience Scale; Both physical exercise and resilience were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotions in college students (r = − 0.25, − 0.33, P < 0.001), and there was a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and resilience (r = 0.47, P < 0.001). Physical exercise had a direct effect on the negative emotions of college students (β = − 0.14, P < 0.001). Resilience had a partial mediating effect between physical exercise and the negative emotions of the college students, with a mediating effect value of 0.14 and a mediating effect contribution rate of 50.00%; The study found that physical exercise not only directly affected the negative emotions of college students but also improved their resilience by slowing down their negative emotions and promoting their mental health.
Journal Article