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"CRIME CONTROL"
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From silence to sanction: comparative analysis of necrophilia laws in India and other countries
This research paper focuses into the legal liability of necrophilia across various jurisdictions, with a focus on India. Necrophilia, a deeply stigmatized and seldom-discussed crime, presents unique challenges for legislators and legal practitioners. In India, the legal framework addressing necrophilia is often ambiguous, leading to inconsistencies in prosecution and punishment. This study aims to illuminate the gaps in Indian law by comparing it with the legal approaches of other countries, including those with explicit statutes and stringent penalties. Through a detailed examination of case laws, statutory provisions, and legal commentaries, the research identifies the strengths and weaknesses of different legal systems in dealing with necrophilia. The comparative analysis seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how different cultural, social, and legal contexts influence the formulation and enforcement of laws against necrophilia. By highlighting best practices and potential pitfalls, this study offers recommendations for enhancing the Indian legal framework to ensure more effective deterrence and prosecution of necrophilia. Ultimately, the research underscores the importance of clear, robust legal provisions to address this crime, advocating for legal reforms that balance the need for justice with respect for the sensitivities surrounding the issue.
Journal Article
DRIVING POLITICS: DATA-DRIVEN GOVERNANCE AND RESISTANCE
The experience of driving is mediated by a politics of data-driven governance and resistance. These politics hinge on the extensive use of networked digital devices/data by road authorities and users.The former operate such technologies to manipulate the behaviour of drivers, while the latter deploy them to subvert the depersonalizing systems of control to which they are subjected. Using evidence derived from two online forums, we explore both the meanings that certain road users ascribe to the simulated justice they experience, but also the mediated practices of resistance they perform. We suggest that this example of 'technoscientific citizenship', where in response to unpalatable crime control measures discrete drivers coalesce on virtual forums and share/crowdsource digital data, poses some interesting new epistemic questions as regards emerging forms of public criminology.
Journal Article
Modern control theory and the limits of the criminal sanction
\"Modern control theory and the limits of the criminal sanction updates and extends the authors' classic general theory of crime (sometimes referred to as \"self-control theory\"). In Part I, contemporary evidence about the theory is summarized. Research from criminology, psychology, economics, education and public health substantially supports the life-long influence of self control as a significant cause of problem behaviors, including delinquency and crime, substance abuse, school problems, many forms of accidents, employment instability and many poor health outcomes. Contemporary is supportive of the theory's focus on early socialization for creation of higher levels of self control and other dimensions of the theory, including the roles of self control, age and the generality or versatility of problem behaviors, as well as the connections between self control and later teen and adult problem behaviors. The authors provide methodological assessments of research on the theory, contrasting the control-theory perspective with other developmental perspectives in criminology. The role of opportunity, the relationship between self and social control theory, and the role of motivation, are addressed. In Part II, control theory is taken to be a valid theory and is used to explore the role of criminal sanctions, especially policing and prisons, and policies about immigration, as methods to impact crime. Modern control theory provides an explanation for the general lack of effectiveness of formal, state sanctions on crime and instead provides substantial justification for prevention of delinquency and crime by a focus on childhood\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Navigating criminal sanctions through a plea of guilty or not in Ghana: the perspective of prison inmates
The plea of accused persons, whether guilty or not, forms a central part of the legal process. Such a decision must exclusively rest with the accused person and be devoid of judicial and extrajudicial influence. This study seeks to interrogate the contexts within which accused persons determine their plea in court. It is argued that all the forms of plea are employed by accused persons as a means of navigating the sentencing outcomes of their cases. The study used a mixed-methods approach to data gathering and analysis. The respondents explained their guilty plea within the context of leniency, the expedition of cases, and to avoid prison remand. Those who pleaded not guilty largely thought of it within the context of identifying a legal loophole and having the opportunity to appeal their sentence after conviction. The extent to which the police influenced the accused to plead guilty requires further investigation.
Journal Article
Colonial policing and police administration in erstwhile Northwest Frontier Province and tribal areas of British India
Police were utilised in British India to put down resistance to colonial rule. The role of the police varied from region to region. This article discusses the style of policing and police administration designed by the British administrators in the province of erstwhile Northwest Frontier Province (Presently Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan) and tribal areas adjacent to the province. Internal security was enforced by the police within the provinces, supplementing military efforts. Instead of using direct coercion, colonial authorities in the northwest frontier and border regions focused on integrating local populations into the system of regional security and coordinating their interests with those of the ruling class. The analysis in this article is based on the Indian archival records in the British Library London and other primary sources available in archives. This analysis demonstrates the importance of understanding colonial policing and police administration in the erstwhile Northwest Frontier province and tribal region near the border between British India and Afghanistan in particular leading to the postcolonial police administration in the northwestern frontier province of present-day Pakistan.
Journal Article
Do guns make us free? : democracy and the armed society
Possibly the most emotionally charged debate taking place in the United States today centers on the Second Amendment to the Constitution and the rights of citizens to bear arms. In the wake of the Sandy Hook school massacre in Connecticut, the gun rights movement, headed by the National Rifle Association, appears more intractable than ever in its fight against gun control laws. The core argument of Second Amendment advocates is that the proliferation of firearms is essential to maintaining freedom in America, providing private citizens with a defense against possible government tyranny, and thus safeguarding all our other rights. But is this argument valid? Do guns indeed make us free? In this insightful and eye-opening analysis, the first philosophical examination of every aspect of the contentious and uniquely American debate over guns, Firmin DeBrabander examines the claims offered in favor of unchecked gun ownership. By exposing the contradictions and misinterpretations inherent in the case presented by gun rights supporters, this provocative volume demonstrates that an armed society is not a free society but one that actively hinders democratic participation.
Book
Citywide cluster randomized trial to restore blighted vacant land and its effects on violence, crime, and fear
Vacant and blighted urban land is a widespread and potentially risky environmental condition encountered by millions of people on a daily basis. About 15% of the land in US cities is deemed vacant or abandoned, an area roughly the size of Switzerland. In a citywide cluster randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effects of standardized, reproducible interventions that restore vacant land on the commission of violence, crime, and the perceptions of fear and safety. Quantitative and ethnographic analyses were included in a mixed-methods approach to more fully test and explicate our findings. A total of 541 randomly sampled vacant lots were randomly assigned into treatment and control study arms; outcomes from police and 445 randomly sampled participants were analyzed over a 38-month study period. Participants living near treated vacant lots reported significantly reduced perceptions of crime (−36.8%, P < 0.05), vandalism (−39.3%, P < 0.05), and safety concerns when going outside their homes (−57.8%, P < 0.05), as well as significantly increased use of outside spaces for relaxing and socializing (75.7%, P < 0.01). Significant reductions in crime overall (−13.3%, P < 0.01), gun violence (−29.1%, P < 0.001), burglary (−21.9%, P < 0.001), and nuisances (−30.3%, P < 0.05) were also found after the treatment of vacant lots in neighborhoods below the poverty line. Blighted and vacant urban land affects people’s perceptions of safety, and their actual, physical safety. Restoration of this land can be an effective and scalable infrastructure intervention for gun violence, crime, and fear in urban neighborhoods.
Journal Article