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   Objective:  to reveal the similarities and differences between female and male discrete offender groups (desisters, persisters, late onseters, and conformers).    Methods:  dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.    Results:  while some researchers have concluded that psycho-social predictors of crime are similar across gender, other criminologists have argued that predictors of crime may vary between females and males. The results from this investigation reveal some similarities and differences in the risk factors between discrete offender groups by gender and the predictors of female and male desistance from crimes. Therefore, researchers studying desistance cannot assume the generality of effects of variables across gender; rather, they must also consider the possibility of specific effects of predictors on female and male desistance.    Scientific novelty:  Over the past several decades, researchers have more fervently examined female offending. The criminal career research paradigm put forth by Blumstein and colleagues in 1986 offers an opportunity for researchers to examine offending, including female offending, from multiple perspectives including onset, persistence, and desistance from a multitude of theoretical traditions. Using data from the National Youth Survey, this investigation examined the similarities and/or differences between female and male discrete offender groups (desisters, persisters, late onseters, and conformers) and theoretical predictors of desistance and persistence from less serious crimes. Results of the research revealed significant gender differences between the discrete offender groups as well as similarities and differences between the genders in predictors of desistance and persistence for less serious crimes.    Practical significance:  the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to preventing and eliminating crimes.

   Objective:  to verify and confirm (or refute) the hypothesis about the mismatch between the means of proof and the means of criminal activity in terms of strength and diversity, which causes imbalance in the dualism of criminal activity and its proving.    Methods:  in solving the research problem, we used, first of all, dualistic and hypothetical-deductive methods, as well as methods of functional systems, comparison and other general scientific methods.    Results:  criminal activity and its proving show the dualism of two complex functional systems, which are opposite, not reducible to each other, equal, but not equipollent. The lack of equipollency is manifested in the inconsistency of the means of proof with the means of criminal activity in terms of strength and diversity. On the one hand, the available means of proof are outdated and limited; on the other hand, they are used ineffectively when forming evidentiary systems of different levels. This leads to imbalance in the dualistic system. This is confirmed by systemic problems of reality – critically low disclosure rate, violation of the rights and freedoms of participants in criminal proceedings, low level of compensation for damages from crimes, protracted procedures of multi-volume criminal cases, etc.    Scientific novelty:  for the first time, the activity of proving is presented as a complex functional system, which together with criminal activity forms a dualism. In this dualistic system, an imbalance is found, consisting in the non-equipollent relationship between the two functional systems, where the means of proving are inferior to the means of criminal activity both in strength and in diversity. In this regard, the article attempts to reveal the mechanism of proving in order to determine how the two sides in the dualistic system can be balanced.    Practical significance:  the provisions laid down in the study can in the future act as a methodological basis for improving the means of proving and increasing the effectiveness of forming evidentiary systems of different levels.

Background: This study aims to examine the effects of childhood bullying victimization (CBV) on substance use and criminal activity among adolescents over time. In addition, it identifies the moderating effects of gender and race/ethnicity on the associations of CBV with substance abuse and criminal activity in adolescence and young adulthood. Methods: This study included 8984 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (Mage = 14.22 years) assessed biennially at four time points utilizing the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. The two-level hierarchical linear modeling was employed to test the effects of CBV on substance use and criminal activity. Results: The incidence of substance use increased over time throughout adolescence to young adulthood, while that of criminal activity decreased. CBV increased the risks of cigarette use, marijuana use, and criminal activity. Gender and race/ethnicity significantly moderated the effect of CBV on alcohol use and alcohol binges. The effect of CBV on alcohol use was stronger among females than males. Among Hispanic adolescents, CBV was more strongly related to alcohol use and binges compared to non-Hispanic White. Conclusion: Findings suggest the need for early intervention for children at high risk of being bullied to reduce later substance abuse and involvement in criminal activities. Considering the moderating effects of gender and ethnicity on the associations, target-specified intervention and prevention programs are also required. Further studies focusing on the lifelong effects of CBV beyond adolescence are recommended.

Efforts to launder money and finance terrorism have been evolving rapidly in recent years in response to heightened countermeasures. The international community has witnessed the use of increasingly sophisticated methods to move illicit funds through financial systems across the globe and has acknowledged the need for improved multilateral cooperation to fight these criminal activities. This second edition is to serve as a single, comprehensive source of practical information for countries to fight money laundering and terrorist financing. It discusses the problems caused by these crimes, the specific actions countries need to take to address them and the role international organizations play in the process. The report is organized as follows: Part A of this Reference Guide describes the problem of money laundering and terrorist financing, their adverse consequences, and the benefits of an effective regime. It also identifies the relevant international standard-setting organizations and discusses their specific efforts and instruments that fight these activities. Part B describes the various elements that are part of a comprehensive legal and institutional framework for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism for any country. This part of the Reference Guide is a step-by-step approach to achieve compliance with international standards, although it does not dictate the specific methods or actions to be adopted. Rather, it raises the issues that must be addressed and discusses the options that a country has in order to resolve these issues. Part C describes the role of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the global effort and the coordination of technical assistance available to countries in order to help them achieve compliance with international standards. Each chapter is a self-contained discussion of the topics covered in that chapter with detailed references to background and original source materials. Annexes I, II and III provide complete citations to reference materials.

The purpose of the article is to study phenomena, processes and rules of objective reality related to activity (of before, criminal and post criminal period) of crime committers and post criminal behavior of other persons concerned with criminal activities: on reasoning, submission and assertion of a false alibi during inquest and assize, as well as law enforcement agencies activity aimed at disclosure, prevention and revelation of the false alibi. System and comparative approaches and such methods as synthesis and analysis became methodology of the research. In conclusion the final for conducted research notion of the false alibi as a component of the activity of the crime committer and post criminal behavior of persons connected with the crime activities was formulated.

Drones have been increasingly adopted to address several critical challenges faced by humanity to provide support and convenience . The technological advances in the broader domains of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT) as well as the affordability of off-the-shelf devices, have facilitated modern-day drone use. Drones are readily available for deployment in hard to access locations for delivery of critical medical supplies, for surveillance, for weather data collection and for home delivery of purchased goods. Whilst drones are increasingly beneficial to civilians, they have also been used to carry out crimes. We present a survey of artificial intelligence techniques that exist in the literature in the context of processing drone data to reveal criminal activity. Our contribution also comprises the proposal of a novel model to adopt the concepts of machine learning for classification of drone data as part of a digital forensic investigation. Our main conclusions include that properly trained machine-learning models hold promise to enable an accurate assessment of drone data obtained from drones confiscated from a crime scene. Our research work opens the door for academics and industry practitioners to adopt machine learning to enable the use of drone data in forensic investigations.

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries.

Drones are increasingly adopted to serve a smart city through their ability to render quick and adaptive services. They are also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and are deployed to conduct area surveillance, monitor road networks for traffic, deliver goods and observe environmental phenomena. Cyber threats posed through compromised drones contribute to sabotage in a smart city’s airspace, can prove to be catastrophic to its operations, and can also cause fatalities. In this contribution, we propose a machine learning-based approach for detecting hijacking, GPS signal jamming and denial of service (DoS) attacks that can be carried out against a drone. A detailed machine learning-based classification of drone datasets for the DJI Phantom 4 model, compromising both normal and malicious signatures, is conducted, and results obtained yield advisory to foster futuristic opportunities to safeguard a drone system against such cyber threats.

A practical guide to recovering stolen assets and combating corruption. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of non-conviction based asset forfeiture, a powerful tool for recovering the proceeds of corruption, especially when assets are transferred abroad. It is designed for policy makers, legislators, prosecutors, investigators, and judges in countries considering or implementing these regimes. This guide identifies key concepts, legal frameworks, and best practices for effective asset recovery. It explores international treaties, asset tracing, and forfeiture procedures. Case studies and examples from various jurisdictions illustrate practical applications. It offers guidance on international cooperation, asset management, and balancing due process with effective enforcement. * Understand legal frameworks for asset forfeiture * Implement effective asset tracing and seizure strategies * Navigate international cooperation in asset recovery * Combat corruption and financial crime

The main purpose of the article is to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to determining the influence of criminal crime factors in the country on the level of financial security of the state. For this purpose, the key object of study is the Jordanian financial security system. The scientific task is to establish possible relationships between the level of criminalization of the economy in the country and the security of the financial sector. The research methodology involves the use of the method of correlation and regression analysis, the use of special software for working with data analysis, the F-criterion modeling method, the Hoerl model, and an abstract logical method for summarizing the research results. Conclusions about the state and trends of the Corruption Perception Index in Jordan were analyzed and made. A calculation of the level of financial security of Jordan over the past five years is presented. Based on the results of the study, it was proven that the influence of economic crime and criminal offenses in the economy as a whole have a direct significant impact on the level of quality of life of the population of Jordan and financial security in general. The urgent need for shadowization of the Jordanian economy has been proven in the context of increasing the level of its financial security, which is aimed at reducing such criminal offenses as corruption and deep shadowing due to criminal activity. It was established based on the results of calculations that an increase in the level of financial security in Jordan has a direct impact on changes in the level of quality of life of the population in the country. The study is limited by taking into account the specifics of only one country - Jordan. Future research prospects aim to address this limitation and include more Middle Eastern countries.