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Diamond is a unique material that often exhibits extreme properties compared to other materials. Discovered about 30 years ago, the use of hydrogen in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has enabled the growth and coating of diamond in film form on various substrate materials. CVD diamond research has been actively continued subsequently to develop new understanding and approaches for the growth and processing of this fascinating material. Currently, the study and development of diamond films has enabled a wide range of applications based on the combination of unique and extreme properties of diamond and the variety of film properties obtainable through tuning the microstructure, morphology, impurities, and surfaces. This issue of MRS Bulletin introduces the latest research, recent applications, and the challenges ahead for CVD diamond films.

Perovskite photovoltaic materials (PPMs) have emerged as one of superstar object for applications in photovoltaics due to their excellent properties—such as band-gap tunability, high carrier mobility, high optical gain, astrong nonlinear response—as well as simplicity of their integration with other types of optical and electronic structures. Meanwhile, PPMS and their constructed devices still present many challenges, such as stability, repeatability, and large area fabrication methods and so on. The key issue is: how can PPMs be prepared using an effective way which most of the readers care about. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology with high efficiency, controllability, and repeatability has been regarded as a cost-effective road for fabricating high quality perovskites. This paper provides an overview of the recent progress in the synthesis and application of various PPMs via the CVD method. We mainly summarize the influence of different CVD technologies and important experimental parameters (temperature, pressure, growth environment, etc.) on the stabilization, structural design, and performance optimization of PPMS and devices. Furthermore, current challenges in the synthesis and application of PPMS using the CVD method are highlighted with suggested areas for future research.

Background: Two novel systemic inflammation indices, SII and SIRI, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, SII and SIRI are prone to change over time and the association between changeable status and long-term outcome risk remains to be uncovered. This study aims to examine the association between the dynamic status of SII and SIRI and risk of CVD. Methods: This prospective study included a total of 45,809 subjects without MI, stroke and cancer prior to or in 2010 (baseline of this study). The dynamic status of SII and SIRI during 2006, 2008, and 2010 was assessed by dynamic trajectories (primary exposure), annual increase, and average value. The outcome was CVD incidence during 8.6 years' follow-up. Multiple Cox regression models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: Four dynamic trajectories of SII and SIRI were identified as follows: low stable pattern, moderate stable pattern, increase pattern, and decrease pattern. For SII, compared with \"low stable pattern\", after controlling confounders and level of SII in 2006, adjusted HRs were 1.24 (95% CI = 1.02-1.51) for \"increase pattern\" and 1.11 (95% CI = 1.00-1.23) for \"moderate-stable pattern\" while the association was not significant for \"decrease pattern\". Additionally, the highest group of annual SII increase and average SII had respective HR of 1.20 (95% CI = 1.05-1.37) and 1.32 (95% CI = 1.13-1.55). The results were consistent for SIRI. \"Increase pattern\" and \"moderate stable pattern\" increased the risk of CVD by 38% (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.17-1.63) and 12% (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.25), while no significant association was found for \"decrease pattern\". The highest group of annual SIRI increase and average SIRI had respective HR of 1.25 (95% CI = 1.09-1.44) and 1.39 (95% CI = 1.19-1.63). Conclusion: Dynamic status of SII and SIRI was significantly associated with risk of CVD, which highlighted that we should focus on the dynamic change of SII and SIRI. Keywords: systemic inflammation, dynamic status, prospective study, cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally. Of the 20.5 million CVD-related deaths in 2021, approximately 80% occurred in low- and middle-income countries.Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, NCD Countdown initiative, WHO Global Health Observatory, and WHO Global Health Expenditure database, we present the burden of CVDs, associated risk factors, their association with tiol health expenditures, and an index of critical policy implementation.The Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia region face the highest levels of CVD mortality globally. Although CVD mortality levels are generally lower in women than men, this is not true in almost 30% of countries in the North Africa and Middle East and Sub-Saharan regions. Raised blood pressure remains the leading global CVD risk factor, contributing to 10.8 million deaths in 2019. The regions with the highest proportion of countries achieving the maximum score for the WHF Policy Index were South Asia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, and the High-Income regions. The Sub-Saharan Africa region had the highest proportion of countries scoring two or less.Policymakers must assess their country’s risk factor profile to craft effective strategies for CVD prevention and magement. Fundamental strategies such as the implementation of tiol Tobacco Control Programmes, ensuring the availability of CVD medications, and establishing specialised units within health ministries to tackle non-communicable diseases should be embraced in all countries. Adequate healthcare system funding is equally vital, ensuring reasoble access to care for all communities.

Boron-doped diamond electrodes have attracted increasing interest from researchers due to their outstanding properties for electroanalysis and other electrochemical applications. Material quality and availability have come a long way since the initial reports on the basic electrochemical properties back in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In this review, we highlight how diamond electrochemistry has diversified and matured in recent years in terms of the understanding of structure-property relationships and the development of new applications of materials in electroanalytical chemistry.