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"Cabinet government"
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All the President’s Men? The Appointment of Female Cabinet Ministers Worldwide
Women have traditionally been underrepresented among government ministers, and when included in cabinets have largely been relegated to “feminine” and low-prestige policy areas. Recently, however, some countries have witnessed changes in the number, gender, and/or prestige of women’s appointments. What accounts for this variation in women’s access to ministerial power? To answer this question, we posit three competing theoretical explanations: political institutions, social indicators of gender equality, and broader trends in women’s political recruitment. To test these hypotheses, we compile an original dataset of 117 countries and construct a new measure—the Gender Power Score—which differentially weights cabinet positions based on women’s numbers and the gender and prestige of the ministries to which they are assigned. Using a finite mixture model to evaluate competing hypotheses, we find that political variables—rather than social factors—have the strongest impact on gender parity in cabinets.
Journal Article
Accounting for ministers : scandal and survival in British government, 1945-2007
\"Accounting for Ministers uses the tools of modern political science to analyse the factors which determine the fortunes of cabinet ministers. Utilizing agency theory, it describes cabinet government as a system of incentives for prime ministerial and parliamentary rule. The authors use a unique dataset of ministers from 1945 to 2007 to examine the structural and individual characteristics that lead to the selection and durability of ministers. Sensitive to historical context, the book describes the unique features of different prime ministers and the sorts of issues and scandals that lead to the forced exit of ministers. The authors identify the structural factors that determine ministerial performance and tenure, seeing resignation calls as performance indicators. Probing the nature of individual and collective responsibility within Westminster forms of government, the book's rigorous analysis provides powerful new insights into the nature of cabinet government\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Lengthened Shadow of Another Institution? Ideal Point Estimates for the Executive Branch and Congress
While the president's relationship to Congress has been carefully studied, the broader executive branch has received far less attention in that context. Scholars rely on assumptions about the relationship between the president and cabinet departments that remain untested. We construct the first statistical portrait of executive branch ideology by estimating ideal points for members of Congress, presidents, and the heads of cabinet-level departments between 1991 and 2004 in a Bayesian framework. We empirically assess claims about the composition of the president's administrative team and the influence of institutions on the ideology of principal executive decision makers. We also test an important claim regarding the trade-off between ideological congruence and budgetary authority to demonstrate the utility of our estimates for other scholars. Our analysis reveals a new picture of the executive branch as ideologically diverse, casting into doubt some essential assumptions in a substantial body of work on the separation of powers.
Journal Article
Explaining Extremity in the Foreign Policies of Parliamentary Democracies
Why do multiparty cabinets in parliamentary democracies produce more extreme foreign policies than single-party cabinets? Our paper argues that particular institutional and psychological dynamics explain this difference. We test this argument using a global events data set incorporating foreign policy behaviors of numerous multiparty and single-party governments. We find that more parties and weak parliaments promote extremity in coalitions, but parliamentary strength has the opposite effect for single-party governments. This study challenges existing expectations about the impact of democratic institutions on foreign policy.
Journal Article
Women Ministers in Latin American Government: When, Where, and Why?
We examine factors that affect the supply of and demand for female cabinet ministers in Latin America and seek to understand the frequency with which women join cabinets and the types of portfolios women receive. Our analysis covers 18 Latin American democracies from 1980 to 2003. We find that presidents from parties of the left appoint more women. Increases in the percentage of women in the legislature and higher human development correlate with more women in the cabinet. Intense partisan competition increases the likelihood that a cabinet will contain a woman. Women are more likely to receive high-prestige cabinet posts from leftist presidents and when the percentage of women in the legislature increases. In addition, an international diffusion effect appears to explain the rapid expansion of women in Latin American cabinets.
Journal Article
The duration and durability of cabinet ministers
This article surveys the growing research programme on the duration of cabinet ministers. It examines some of the conceptual and methodological issues confronting research, including the nature and measurement of durability, ministerial terms and techniques. It considers some of the theories and hypotheses that have been generated by researchers. Using evidence from studies from around the world, it argues that institutional factors, including regime type, constitutional and parliamentary rules, and party systems, affect ministerial durability. Personal ministerial characteristics, such as gender, education and age, also affect durability. It examines future avenues of research in this field. Cet article explore les analyses de plus en plus nombreuses de la longévité des ministres de gouvernement. Il examine des questions conceptuelles et méthodologiques de recherche incluant la nature et la mesure de la longévité, des termes et des techniques ministériels. Il reconsidère certaines des théories et hypothèses produites par les chercheurs. Utilisant les résultats d'études du monde entier, il soutient que des facteurs institutionnels incluant le type de régime, les règles constitutionnelles et parlementaires, et les systèmes de parti affectent la longévité ministérielle. Des caractéristiques personnelles comme le genre, l'éducation et l'âge impactent aussi la longévité. L'article envisage les futures voies de recherche dans ce domaine. Este artículo estudia el creciente programa de investigación sobre la duración de los ministros en los gabinetes. En él se examinan algunos de los problemas conceptuales y metodológicos que enfrenta dicha investigación incluyendo la naturaleza y la medición del término durabilidad, los períodos ministeriales y las técnicas utilizadas. Considera algunas de las teorías e hipótesis generadas por los investigadores, utilizando evidencia de estudios realizados en todo el mundo, argumenta que los factores institucionales, incluyendo el tipo de régimen, las normas constitucionales y parlamentarias, y los sistemas de partidos políticos afectan la durabilidad ministerial. También alude a otras características personales de los ministros y ministras, tales como el género, la educación y la edad, los que también afectan la durabilidad. En el artículo se examinan futuras vías de investigación en este campo.
Journal Article