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\"This search-and-find book invites early readers to look for new vocabulary words and pictures while giving simple facts about caring for a pet bird and bird behaviors\"-- Provided by publisher.

Over 70 million cage‐birds are kept across 12 million households on the island of Java, Indonesia, fuelling serious concerns for the health of regional wild bird populations. Understanding the behaviours, preferences and demographic profiles of bird‐keepers will guide attempts to reduce demand for wild birds and hence the impact of trade on wild populations and their host ecosystems. We profile three songbird‐keeping user‐groups based on interviews of nearly one thousand people across Java: hobbyists, who own birds primarily as pets; contestants, who own birds to enter in singing contests; and breeders, who own birds to breed and train for resale or as a pastime. User‐groups diverged in their bird‐keeping habits and preferences. Hobbyists tended to own small numbers of inexpensive and typically native birds, while contestants and breeders owned larger numbers of often valuable birds. Hobbyists were far less likely to consider origin when buying a bird, owned a larger proportion of both potentially wild‐caught and globally threatened birds, but showed no preference for any taxon. By contrast, owning relatively large numbers of lovebirds Agapornis spp. and Zebra Doves Geopelia striata were key characteristics of contestants, while breeders owned the largest number of birds and species, in particular White‐rumped Shamas Kittacincla malabarica. Within a 2‐year period, user‐group membership was fluid, with much transitioning between non‐bird ownership and hobbyists, recruitment of non‐bird owners to contestants and movement both in and out of the breeder group. Our study provides behavioural change efforts with demographic and geographic profiles to target bird‐keepers, who tended to be more affluent and urban and to live in the eastern provinces. Among bird‐keepers, hobbyists tended to be middle‐aged and lived in the western provinces, contestants were younger urban bird‐keepers employed in business and breeders were commoner in the eastern provinces, reflecting the cultural importance of bird‐keeping among the Javanese. Efforts to increase the sustainability of bird‐keeping in Java should focus on emphasizing the importance of captive‐bred birds, in particular to hobbyists, the largest user‐group, whose bird‐keeping behaviour poses the biggest threat to wild bird populations, whilst also incentivizing legitimate breeding enterprises among contestants and breeders. Abstrak Lebih dari 70 juta burung dipelihara di sangkar oleh 12 juta keluarga di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia, memicu kekhawatiran mendalam tentang kondisi burung liar di pulau ini. Pemahaman tentang profil perilaku, preferensi dan demografi pemelihara burung.akan menjadi panduan untuk mengurangi permintaan akan burung liar dan karenanya juga dampak perdagangan burung liar dan ekosistem tempat hidupnya. Kami menggambarkan tiga kelompok‐pengguna pemelihara burung berdasarkan pada wawancara dengan hampir tiga ribu orang di seluruh Jawa: penggemar, mereka yang memiliki burung sebagai hewan peliharaan; kontestan, mereka yang memiliki burung untuk lomba burung berkicau; dan peternak, mereka yang memiliki burung untuk diternak dan dilatih untuk dijual atau untuk hiburan. Kelompok‐pengguna tersebut berbeda dalam kebiasaan dan kecenderungan memelihara burung. Penggemar cenderung memiliki sedikit burung yang tidak mahal dan umumnya jenis burung asli/lokal, sementara kontestan dan peternak memiliki banyak burung dan sering kali burung yang sangat mahal. Para penggemar sangat jarang mempertimbangkan asal‐usul ketika membeli burung, sebagian besar memiliki burung yang mungkin berasal dari penangkapan di alam dan terancam secara global, tetapi tidak menunjukkan preferensi pada jenis tertentu. Sebaliknya, ciri utamakontestan adalah memiliki jumlah dan jenis burung paling banyak, terutama burung Kucica hutan Kittacincla malabarica. Dalam periode dua tahun, keanggotaan kelompok‐pengguna berubah‐ubah, dengan banyak transisi antara yang tidak memiliki burung dan penggemar; penambahan kelompok yang tidak memiliki burung ke konstestandan pergerakan masuk dan keluar dari kelompok peternak. Penelitian kami menyajikan upaya perubahan perilaku dengan profil demografik dan geografik dengan sasaran pemelihara burung, yang cenderung lebih makmur, urban dan tinggal di wilayah bagian timur. Di antara pemelihara burung, penggemar cenderung paruh baya, dan tinggal di Jawa bagian barat, kontestan adalah pemelihara burung yang lebih muda, urban, berwirausaha, dan peternak lebih umum di Jawa bagian timur, menunjukkan pentingnya aspek budaya dalam pelihara burung pada orang Jawa. Usaha‐usaha untuk meningkatkan kelestarian pemeliharaan burung di Jawa harus fokus pada penekanan pentingnya burung hasil ternak di kandang, terutama untuk penggemar, kelompok pengguna terbesar, yang perilakunya memelihara burung telah menimbulkan ancaman terbesar pada populasi burung liar. Sementara itu perlu juga memberi insentif kepada para kontestan dan peternak yang berternak burung sesuai peraturan yang berlaku di Indonesia. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Tweet! Tweet! Birds make fun pets. Some are small and some are tall; some are colorful and some have crests. Young readers will learn about the appearance, behavior, and abilities of pet birds, and discover why these feathered friends make amazing pets.

Background Avian tuberculosis is a chronic and zoonotic disease that affects a wide variety of birds, mammals, and humans. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some domestic birds based on molecular diagnosis, antibiogram profile, and PCR-based detection of inh A, rpo B, rps L, and otr B antibiotic resistance-related genes. Methods A total of 120 fecal samples were collected from small flocks of house-reared domestic birds at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were processed and subjected to the bacteriological examination. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates was performed using the broth microdilution method for the detection of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The genetic detection of the IS901 confirmatory gene, inh A , rpo B, rps L, and otr B genes was carried out using PCR. Results The frequency of M. avium subsp. avium was 4.1% (5/120); 10% (4/40) in ducks, and 2.5% (1/10) in geese. The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed using PCR, where all the tested isolates were positive for IS901 confirmatory gene. The results of the broth microdilution method revealed that most of the recovered isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline, and harbored the inh A , rpo B , rps L, and otr B genes. Conclusion In brief, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report that emphasized the emergence of avian tuberculosis in house-reared domestic birds in Egypt. The emergence of MDR- M. avium subsp. avium is considered a public health threat. Emerging MDR- M. avium subsp. avium in domestic birds are commonly harbored the IS901, inh A , rpo B , rps L, and otr B genes. Azithromycin and clofazimine revealed a promising in-vitro antibacterial activity against M. avium subsp. avium .

Introduces readers to caring for a bird.

Background Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis ), a microorganism of the Pasteurellaceae family, is an emerging avian pathogen associated with reproductive and respiratory diseases in poultry. However, its role in ornamental birds is still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to conduct the first comprehensive survey of the prevalence of G. anatis in pet birds, to investigate its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile and to assess its ability to form biofilms using cultural, biochemical, molecular and histopathological methods. Methods In this study, 191 fecal and tissue samples were collected from various companion birds. Clinical samples were cultured on 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar plates to isolate bacterial pathogens. After incubation, colonies were evaluated based on their macroscopic characteristics such as size, color, and hemolytic properties on blood agar-and a Gram stain was performed as an essential preliminary step for bacterial identification. The 16–23 S rRNA gene region of G. anatis was amplified by PCR method. The disc diffusion method was used to assess microbial susceptibility and resistance. Biofilm formation was analyzed using a microtiter plate assay. Tissue samples were routinely processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with common haematoxylin-eosin (H&E). Results In this study, 20 G. anatis strains were isolated from 191 clinical samples of pet birds, representing a prevalence of 10.5%. Isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram staining, biochemical testing and PCR for the –intergenic spacer region of 16–23 S rRNA, which yielded diagnostic amplicons of 790 bp and 1080 bp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed complete susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (100%) and remarkable resistance to erythromycin (80%). β-lactam resistance was prevalent, with 70% and 75% of isolates resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin, respectively. Biofilm formation tests showed that 80% of isolates had moderate biofilm formation. Gross and histopathological examinations of infected birds revealed severe respiratory and systemic lesions, including tracheitis, bronchopneumonia with focal necrosis, multifocal hepatic necrosis, and vascular congestion in multiple organs. Conclusions These results support the idea that G. anatis is a potentially important pathogen, with a biofilm-forming ability that contributes to treatment failure and environmental persistence. The 45% prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) highlights the pressing need for antimicrobial stewardship in avian veterinary medicine. Given the zoonotic potential of G. anatis , our study underscores the importance of One Health surveillance efforts in mitigating risk to both poultry and humans.

\"Discusses the selection, housing, diet, handling, grooming, and health of a new bird\"--Provided by publisher.

Phoebe and Jay are responsible for bird-sitting, but the specific instructions make it extra difficult. Family Photo time has Jay determined to keep his sneakers spotless, which leads to an unexpected outfit disaster.

Trichomonas gallinae is a widespread protozoan parasite that primarily affects birds, causing a disease known as avian trichomonosis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of T. gallinae , a parasite causing avian trichomoniasis in feral pigeons, budgerigars, and finches in Tehran, Iran. The 5.8S ribosomal RNA locus, along with the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, has been extensively utilized for genotype identification and for determining inter- and intra-specific diversity. More recently, the Fe-hydrogenase (Fe-Hyd) gene has been suggested as an additional genetic marker to enhance the accuracy of strain subtyping discrimination. In the present study, a total of 12% (12/100) birds examined were infected with T. gallinae using microscopy and PCR methods. Infection was found in seven of 30 (23.3%) feral pigeons, three of 40 (7.5%) budgerigars, and two of 30 (6.66%) finches. Analysis of the ITS2 region of T. gallinae isolates revealed two highly similar sequences. The first sequence (GenBank: OQ689964-OQ689970) was found in five feral pigeons and two budgerigars, whereas the second sequence (GenBank: OQ689971-OQ689975) was identified in two feral pigeons, one budgerigar, and two finches. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of two distinct clusters (cluster I and cluster II) within the trichomonads based on the ITS2 region. However, further analysis using Fe-Hyd revealed greater diversity, with three subtypes identified (A1, A2, and C1). One isolate identified in the present study (GenBank accession number: OQ694508.1) belonged to subtype A1. Combining ITS2 and Fe-Hyd markers holds promise for a more comprehensive understanding of the population structure of T. gallinae and the potential role of ITS2 in host adaptation.