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Developing a Sustainable University Campus in Egypt: Cairo University as a case study
Universities are regarded as reference institutions for the expansion of cultural and environmental activities. They are crucial to the advancement of sustainability as they advocate for a development pattern that would be compatible with ecological balance, biodiversity, and intergenerational fairness. In response to the rise in enrollment, CU has created a sustainable expansion plan for its campus. Because students will return to their communities and educate them about sustainability, universities are seen as the best places to apply the principle. Recently, Cairo University established a sustainability office as a governance framework to develop and implement sustainability action plans and to regularly measure and report overall progress towards its aim of a sustainable campus. This paper includes Cairo University’s efforts to transform the campus into a more sustainable society using UI GreenMetric categories. The present study shows the extent of Cairo University’s commitment to achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals, as well as Egypt’s Vision 2030. In all areas, including setting and infrastructures, energy, water and wastes, Cairo University supports the fundamental principles of sustainability and green development.
Journal Article
Perception of COVID-19-related stigma and associated psychological challenges among healthcare workers at Cairo University hospitals
Objectives
The current study explores the level of perceived social stigma and associated psychological challenges among healthcare workers during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 150 healthcare workers at Cairo University hospitals that were confirmed positive for COVID-19 infection. Participants were interviewed for assessment of perceived COVID-19-related stigma and associated psychological symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment for anxiety, and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for post-traumatic stress symptoms.
Results
Two-thirds of participants perceived moderate-to-severe COVID-19-related stigma. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms were observed at varying levels in 58.0%, 38.0%, and 11.3% of participants, respectively. Female sex and occupation as a nurse were significantly associated with the total perceived COVID-19-related stigma score. COVID-19-related stigma perception significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress.
Conclusion
Perceived social stigma prevails among healthcare workers and is associated with numerous psychological disturbances.
Journal Article
Audit of maternal mortality ratio and causes of maternal deaths in the largest maternity hospital in Cairo, Egypt (Kasr Al Aini) in 2008 and 2009; Lessons learned : research
This study examined maternal deaths at Cairo University Maternity Hospital between January 2008 and December 2009. The aim was to calculate Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) as well as identify the causes and predisposing factors to maternal deaths. Data were collected from the files of the hospitalized pregnant women in the hospital. There were 38 maternal deaths and MMR was 79 per 100,000 live births for the two years examined. The main causes of death were obstetric hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiac arrest. Substandard medical care and the delay in seeking of medical advice were two contributing factors to maternal deaths recorded. The need for audit and publication of all obstetric hospitals MMR to compare and identify areas of improvements is recommended. Cette étude a examiné les décès maternels au Centre Hospitalier de la maternité au Caire entre janvier 2008 et décembre 2009. L'objectif était de calculer les taux de mortalité maternelle (TMM) ainsi que d'identifier les causes et les facteurs prédisposant ? la mortalité maternelle. Les données ont été recueillies ? partir des dossiers des femmes enceintes hospitalisées ? l'hôpital. Il y a eu 38 décès maternels et TMM était de 79 pour 100,000 naissances vivantes pour les deux années étudiées. Les principales causes de décès étaient l'hémorragie obstétricale, les troubles hypertensifs de la grossesse et l'arrêt cardiaque. Les soins médicaux de qualité inférieure et le retard dans la recherche de conseils médicaux étaient deux facteurs qui contribuent aux décès maternels enregistrés. Nous préconisons la vérification et la publication de tous les TMM des hôpitaux obstétriques pour permettre d'identifier les domaines qui méritent d'être améliorés.
Journal Article
TikTok Consumption and University Student Engagement in Virtual Classrooms in Egypt
In recent years, TikTok, a video-based application, has become immensely popular, especially among young social media users. During the COVID-19 pandemic, TikTok also proved to be useful in remote learning. The present study examines the use of TikTok videos among university students in Egypt, with a specific focus on how these videos enhance student online engagement in virtual classrooms. We also evaluate the moderating effect of gender, age, and academic major on the relationship between the adoption and educational use of TikTok and student online engagement. The results of a survey conducted among a total of 250 students at Cairo University from different age groups, gender, and majors revealed statistically significant and positive correlations between the adoption of TikTok (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and social influence), educational use of TikTok (via facilitating access to information and sharing material), and online student engagement. The results also showed two significant moderations based on gender and age. First, we found that access to information via TikTok contributed more to the online engagement of male students as compared to their female counterparts. Second, with increasing age, sharing information and materials with the help of TikTok was found to have a greater effect on online student engagement. While it remains to be established whether these findings can be generalized to other universities and educational institutes in Egypt, the adoption and educational use of TikTok can be considered to be a promising way to facilitate online education.
Journal Article
Individual and Institutional Factors Preventing Completion of Research by Medical Graduate Students at Cairo University: Questionnaire Study
Background: Medical research plays a significant role in advancing the level of health care worldwide. This research is a crucial part of the development of any educational system. In developing countries, the publication rate related to the medical sciences is lower than that in developed countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the causes of delay in publishing research and the factors that hinder the completion of master’s degree projects in a group of medical graduate students at Cairo University Faculty of Medicine. Methods: A web-based questionnaire was introduced to approximately 150 medical graduates in different specialties through social media. The questionnaire aimed to investigate the reasons for delays in publishing master’s degree manuscripts after graduation among a group of medical graduates. Results: Of the graduates contacted, 130 responded to the web-based survey. The ages of the participants ranged from 23-38 years (SD 3.88); 72 of them were male, and 58 were female. Causes of noncompletion of manuscripts were analyzed; lack of proper research training and the absence of supportive mentorship were top reasons. We found a significant relationship between being married and failing to complete the assigned project from its start up to publication. Moreover, we found that the frequency of nonfulfillment increased among those who experienced poor mentorship. Conclusions: Several factors are contributing to the delay in publication of medical manuscripts related to research projects by medical graduates of the Cairo University Faculty of Medicine. Pensive supervision must be implemented to decipher the persistent institutional problems that obstruct research progress.
Journal Article
Rational ritual
Why do Internet, financial service, and beer commercials dominate Super Bowl advertising? How do political ceremonies establish authority? Why does repetition characterize anthems and ritual speech? Why were circular forms favored for public festivals during the French Revolution? This book answers these questions using a single concept: common knowledge.
Game theory shows that in order to coordinate its actions, a group of people must form \"common knowledge.\" Each person wants to participate only if others also participate. Members must have knowledge of each other, knowledge of that knowledge, knowledge of the knowledge of that knowledge, and so on. Michael Chwe applies this insight, with striking erudition, to analyze a range of rituals across history and cultures. He shows that public ceremonies are powerful not simply because they transmit meaning from a central source to each audience member but because they let audience members know what other members know. For instance, people watching the Super Bowl know that many others are seeing precisely what they see and that those people know in turn that many others are also watching. This creates common knowledge, and advertisers selling products that depend on consensus are willing to pay large sums to gain access to it. Remarkably, a great variety of rituals and ceremonies, such as formal inaugurations, work in much the same way.
By using a rational-choice argument to explain diverse cultural practices, Chwe argues for a close reciprocal relationship between the perspectives of rationality and culture. He illustrates how game theory can be applied to an unexpectedly broad spectrum of problems, while showing in an admirably clear way what game theory might hold for scholars in the social sciences and humanities who are not yet acquainted with it.
In a new afterword, Chwe delves into new applications of common knowledge, both in the real world and in experiments, and considers how generating common knowledge has become easier in the digital age.
eBook
Changing research trends in the field of archaeological wood at the Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University
Since 1980, much research in the field of treatment and conservation of archaeological wood has been carried out at the Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University. Materials and methods used in conservation have been changing gradually over the years worldwide. It was necessary to study critically previous masters and doctoral dissertations on Egyptian archaeological and historic wood, all written in Arabic. This review of them includes a brief history of the Conservation Department at Cairo University and five main focal points of past research: types of wood used throughout Egyptian history, assessment of wood decay, wood properties and composition, treatment and conservation of decorated wood, and the evaluation of chemicals and polymers used in the treatment of archaeological wood and composite objects containing wood.
Journal Article
Renal transplantation experience in Cairo University hospitals
Background
Worldwide, the population treated with renal replacement therapy is increasing, representing ~1.3 million patients who undergo dialysis and 400 000 patients who are alive with a kidney transplant. Transplantation is more predictable than it was 20–30 years ago and innovation over the last 20 years has been rapid, delivering substantial short-term and medium-term improvements. Many reports have been published about the epidemiology of renal transplantation in different countries. The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiology of renal transplantation in Cairo University hospitals.
Patients and methods
This is a retrospective study that was conducted at the King Fahd Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, on 282 patients. All patients were followed up for a period of at least 1 year. Demographic data, history taking, clinical examination, immunosuppressive medications protocol, and laboratory investigations were recorded for every patient.
Results
Of the 282 patients included in the study, 68.1% of recipients were male and 31.9% were female, whereas 52.5% of donors were male and 47.5% were female. An overall 98.6% of our patients received living kidney transplants, whereas 1.4% received cadaveric kidney transplants. The most common cause of end-stage renal disease was unknown etiology. The mean BMI increased significantly after transplantation to reach 22.6±4.0 (
P
=0.0001). Hypertension was the most common disease among the patients; 82.2% of our patients were already hypertensive before transplantation.
Conclusion
The majority of our recipients were male patients in their second and third decades of life, Moreover, the majority of donors were also male individuals in their second and third decades of life. Most of the transplants carried out by us are living-donor procedures.
Journal Article
Study of graft survival rates of renal transplants in Cairo University Hospitals
Background
Many factors and events can complicate the outcome of renal transplantation and can eventually lead to progressive renal dysfunction and graft failure. We aimed in this study to identify the risk factors for the entire course after transplantation, and then to analyze the relative impact of these risk factors on short-term and long-term graft survival in our patients.
Patients and methods
This analytical retrospective study was conducted at the King Fahd Unit, the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, on 104 patients for the study of 1-year graft survival, though 43 patients were followed-up for 3 years for the study of 3-year graft survival. Serum creatinine was used to evaluate the renal function; graft dysfunction was defined as serum creatinine more than 2.5 mg/dl. Survival analysis was carried out by using the Kaplan–Meier survival curve estimation. To predict the value of graft survival after 5 years, regression analysis was used.
Results
In our study, the overall graft survival rates were 88.6 and 76.7% at 1 and 3 years, respectively. The corresponding overall patient survival rates were 89.4 and 79.1% at the first and third years after transplant. Our study showed that among the long list of predictors for graft outcome variables, factors that had a significant impact on outcome by Kaplan–Meier analysis included donor’s age, primary immunosuppression, and serum creatinine 1 month after transplant. There was a greater rate of graft dysfunction with the presence of hypertension and hepatitis C virus but these results did not reach statistically significant values.
Conclusion
Old donor’s age, primary immunosuppression, and serum creatinine 1 month after transplant are the most effective factors on graft survival in kidney transplantation. Whatever the cause, graft dysfunction should be treated early and aggressively.
Journal Article