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TI-84 Plus graphing calculator for dummies
That TI-84 in your hand is one amazing device. This book will help you unlock all the magic, so that you can graph scatter plots, analyze statistical data, share calculator files with your PC... and much more!
Book
When Computers Were Human
Before Palm Pilots and iPods, PCs and laptops, the term \"computer\" referred to the people who did scientific calculations by hand. These workers were neither calculating geniuses nor idiot savants but knowledgeable people who, in other circumstances, might have become scientists in their own right. When Computers Were Human represents the first in-depth account of this little-known, 200-year epoch in the history of science and technology. Beginning with the story of his own grandmother, who was trained as a human computer, David Alan Grier provides a poignant introduction to the wider world of women and men who did the hard computational labor of science. His grandmother's casual remark, \"I wish I'd used my calculus,\" hinted at a career deferred and an education forgotten, a secret life unappreciated; like many highly educated women of her generation, she studied to become a human computer because nothing else would offer her a place in the scientific world. The book begins with the return of Halley's comet in 1758 and the effort of three French astronomers to compute its orbit. It ends four cycles later, with a UNIVAC electronic computer projecting the 1986 orbit. In between, Grier tells us about the surveyors of the French Revolution, describes the calculating machines of Charles Babbage, and guides the reader through the Great Depression to marvel at the giant computing room of the Works Progress Administration. When Computers Were Human is the sad but lyrical story of workers who gladly did the hard labor of research calculation in the hope that they might be part of the scientific community. In the end, they were rewarded by a new electronic machine that took the place and the name of those who were, once, the computers.
eBook
A portable cosmos : revealing the Antikythera Mechanism, scientific wonder of the ancient world
\"The Antikythera Mechanism, now 82 small fragments of corroded bronze, was an ancient Greek machine simulating the cosmos as the Greeks understood it. Reflecting the most recent researches, A Portable Cosmos presents it as a gateway to Greek astronomy and technology and their place in Greco-Roman society and thought\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Sample size calculation for prevalence studies using Scalex and ScalaR calculators
Background
Although books and articles guiding the methods of sample size calculation for prevalence studies are available, we aim to guide, assist and report sample size calculation using the present calculators.
Results
We present and discuss four parameters (namely level of confidence, precision, variability of the data, and anticipated loss) required for sample size calculation for prevalence studies. Choosing correct parameters with proper understanding, and reporting issues are mainly discussed. We demonstrate the use of a purposely-designed calculators that assist users to make proper informed-decision and prepare appropriate report.
Conclusion
Two calculators can be used with free software (Spreadsheet and RStudio) that benefit researchers with limited resources. It will, hopefully, minimize the errors in parameter selection, calculation, and reporting. The calculators are available at: (
https://sites.google.com/view/sr-ln/ssc
).
Journal Article
Food manufacturing processes and technical data used in the exposure assessment of food enzymes
Food enzymes are used for technical purposes in the production of food ingredients or foods‐as‐consumed. In the European Union, the safety of a food enzyme is evaluated by EFSA on the basis of a technical dossier provided by an applicant. Dietary exposure is an integral part of the risk assessment of food enzymes. To develop exposure models specific to each food manufacturing process in which food enzymes are used, different input data are required which are then used in tandem with technical conversion factors. This allows the use levels of food enzyme to be related to food consumption data collected in dietary surveys. For each food manufacturing process, EFSA identified a list of food groups (FoodEx1 classification system) and collated technical conversion factors. To ensure a correct and uniform application of these input data in the assessment of food enzyme dossiers, stakeholders were consulted via open calls‐for‐data. In addition to publishing and updating the identified input parameters on an annual basis, single‐process‐specific calculators of the Food Enzyme Intake Models (FEIMs) have been developed. These calculators have been deposited at https://zenodo.org/ since 2018 for open access. By 2023, EFSA had compiled the input data for a total of 40 food manufacturing processes in which food enzymes are employed. In this document, the food manufacturing processes are structured, food groups classified initially in the FoodEx1 system are translated into the FoodEx2 system, and technical factors are adjusted to reflect the more detailed and standardised FoodEx2 nomenclature. The development of an integrated FEIM‐web tool using this collection of input data is carried out for a possible release in 2024. This tool will be able to estimate the exposure to the food enzyme–total organic solids (TOS) when employed in multiple food manufacturing processes.
Journal Article
Safety concerns with the Centers for Disease Control opioid calculator
Jeffrey Fudin,1–4 Mena Raouf,2 Erica L Wegrzyn,2–4 Michael E Schatman5,6 1Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Remitigate, LLC, Delmar, NY, USA; 2Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA; 3Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, MA, USA; 4Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA; 5Research and Network Development, Boston Pain Care, Waltham, MA, USA; 6Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Morphine milligram equivalence (MME) and other comparable acronyms have been employed in federal pain guidelines and used by policy makers to limit opioid prescribing.1–5 On March 18, 2016, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) released its Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain.1 The guidelines provided 12 recommendations for “primary care clinicians prescribing opioids for chronic pain outside of active cancer treatment, palliative care, and end-of-life care”. One of the CDC recommendations states that clinicians “should avoid increasing dosage to ≥90 MME/day or carefully justify a decision to titrate dosage to ≥90 MME/day”.1
Journal Article
The Latest and Greatest Rectangular Prism of “Progress”
The purpose of this article is to share some initial thoughts on the recent release of Apple’s iPhone 16. While the latest and greatest iPhone will be remembered for the integration of artificial intelligence into the software, my attention has been focused on the new calculator app, which is also baked into the operating system. Apple’s new calculator app is, actually, three calculators housed in one app. While there have been minor, albeit welcome changes to the “Basic” and “Scientific” calculators, the third calculator, which is called “Math Notes”, is quite the calculator. One interesting feature, especially for those whose careers are dedicated to the learning and teaching of mathematics, is that answers now appear automatically as soon as you enter, by either writing (on an iPad) or typing (on an iPhone), an answerable math problem. Alternatively stated, your iPhone now, if you want, does the math for you. Before spiraling into a full-blown existential crisis, however, I look back at certain conversations regarding graphing calculators introduced in the 1990s. In doing so, I realize that everything changes and everything stays the same, which tempers, for now, my concerns about the impact Math Notes will have on the learning and teaching of mathematics.
Journal Article
Toric intraocular lens orientation and residual refractive astigmatism: an analysis
To analyze intraocular lens (IOL) orientation data from an online toric back-calculator (astigmatismfix.com) for determining if differences were apparent by lens type.
A retrospective review of astigmatismfix.com toric back-calculations that included IOL identification and intended orientation axis.
Of 12,812 total validated calculation records, 8,229 included intended orientation and lens identification data. Of the latter, 5,674 calculations (69%) involved lenses oriented 5° or more from their intended position. Using estimated toric lens usage data, the percentage of lenses with orientation ≥5° from intended was 0.89% overall, but the percentage varied significantly between specific toric lens brands (
<0.05). The percentage of back-calculations related to lenses that were not oriented as intended was also statistically significantly different by lens brand (
<0.05). When IOLs were misoriented, they were significantly more likely to be misoriented in a counterclockwise direction (
<0.05). This was found to be due to a bias toward counterclockwise orientation observed with one specific brand, a bias that was not observed with the other three brands analyzed here.
The percentage of eyes with lens orientation ≥5° from intended in the Toric Results Analyzer data set was <1% of toric IOLs in general, with the relative percentage of Tecnis
Toric IOLs significantly higher than AcrySof
Toric IOLs. Both of these had higher rates than the Staar
Toric and Trulign
Toric lenses, with the availability of higher Tecnis and AcrySof cylinder powers a likely contributing factor. The AcrySof Toric IOL appears to be less likely than the Tecnis Toric IOL to cause residual astigmatism as a result of misorientation. The Tecnis Toric IOL appears more likely to be misoriented in a counterclockwise direction; no such bias was observed with the AcrySof Toric, the Trulign
Toric, or the Staar Toric IOLs.
Journal Article
Evaluation of cardiovascular diseases risk calculators for CVDs prevention and management: scoping review
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. This review aimed to summarise evidence on the key features, usability and benefits of CVD risk calculators using digital platforms for CVDs prevention and management in populations.
Methods
We used search engines and thematic analyses to conduct a scoping review. As the reporting guideline for this review, we used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).
Results
A total of 17 studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in the analysis, from which about 70% of the studies have prognostic level I (
n
= 8) and level II (
n
= 4) evidence. The review found that various guidelines are recommending different algorithms for CVD risk prediction. The QRISK® was the most accurate CVD risk calculator for several study populations, whereas World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk scores were the least accurate. The key features of CVD risk calculators are variables, predictive accuracy, discrimination index, applicability, understandability, and cost-effectiveness.
Conclusion
For the selected risk prediction tool, development and validation research must be done, which considers a mix of stroke-specific risk and CVD risk to establish its usability in the local community and advantages to the particular health-care environment. To get healthcare professionals more involved in preventing and treating CVDs, each healthcare setting should use an online CVD risk assessment tool that is more useful, accurate, and easy to use, based on the population and health system.
Journal Article
EL USO DE LA CALCULADORA EN LA PROBABILIDAD Y ESTADÍSTICA CON EL PROPÓSITO DE REDUCIR LA ANSIEDAD
The purpose of this research was to study if the use of the calculator decreases the anxiety of the students in the subjectof Probability and Statistics. Specifically, the research is carried out with 30 students of the Engineering career, to carryout the study, they are divided into two groups of 15 students. The questions of the Anxiety Factor of the Attitude Scaletowards Mathematics are used. The first group makes use of the CASIO fx 991 calculator for the Probability and Statisticspractice classes and the second group does not use any technological tool. The results indicate that students who use thecalculator have less anxiety and make fewer errors than students who do not use it. Therefore, it would be recommendableand important for the teacher to promote the use of the calculator in class, thus facilitating the teaching-learning process.
Journal Article