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"Calligraphy, Chinese"
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A Novel CNN Model for Classification of Chinese Historical Calligraphy Styles in Regular Script Font
Chinese calligraphy, revered globally for its therapeutic and mindfulness benefits, encompasses styles such as regular (Kai Shu), running (Xing Shu), official (Li Shu), and cursive (Cao Shu) scripts. Beginners often start with the regular script, advancing to more intricate styles like cursive. Each style, marked by unique historical calligraphy contributions, requires learners to discern distinct nuances. The integration of AI in calligraphy analysis, collection, recognition, and classification is pivotal. This study introduces an innovative convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, pioneering the application of CNN in the classification of Chinese calligraphy. Focusing on the four principal calligraphy styles from the Tang dynasty (690–907 A.D.), this research spotlights the era when the traditional regular script font (Kai Shu) was refined. A comprehensive dataset of 8282 samples from these calligraphers, representing the zenith of regular style, was compiled for CNN training and testing. The model distinguishes personal styles for classification, showing superior performance over existing networks. Achieving 89.5–96.2% accuracy in calligraphy classification, our approach underscores the significance of CNN in the categorization of both font and artistic styles. This research paves the way for advanced studies in Chinese calligraphy and its cultural implications.
Journal Article
Brush Stroke-Based Writing Trajectory Control Model for Robotic Chinese Calligraphy
Engineering innovations play a critical role in achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, especially in human–robotic interaction and precise engineering. For the robot, writing Chinese calligraphy with hairy brush pen is a form of precision operation. Existing writing trajectory control models mainly focus on writing trajectory models, and the fine-grained trajectory control model based on brush strokes is not studied. The problem of how to establish writing trajectory control based on brush stroke model needs to be solved. On the basis of the proposed composite-curve-dilation brush stroke model (CCD-BSM), this study investigates the control methods of intelligent calligraphy robots and proposed fine-grained writing trajectory control models that conform to the rules of brush calligraphy to reflect the local writing characteristics. By decomposing and refining each writing process, control models in the process of brush movement are analyzed and modeled. According to the writing rules, fine-grained writing trajectory control models of strokes are established based on the CCD-BSM. The parametric representations of the control models are built for the three stages of initiation, execution, and completion of strokes writing. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fine-grained control models can exhibit excellent performances in basic strokes and Chinese characters with better writing capabilities. Compared with existing models, the writing results demonstrate the advantages of our proposed model in terms of high average similarity with two quantitative indicators Cosine similarity (CSIM) and Structural similarity index measure (SSIM), which are 99.54% and 97.57%, respectively.
Journal Article
The effect of action observation on aesthetic preference of Chinese calligraphy: An fMRI study
Introduction There is some evidence suggesting that movement perception has an effect on aesthetic experience. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the observation of creators’ creative action (the process that calligraphers create calligraphy) remain unclear. Methods In this study, participants were scanned with fMRI while performing aesthetic judgments on Chinese calligraphy images with/without action observation. Results Behavioral results showed that both the work by the expert and novice with action observation were rated significantly higher on aesthetic preference than those without action observation. Imaging results showed that brain regions associated with perceptual, cognitive, and emotional processing were commonly activated by calligraphy images with/without action observation. However, compared with no action observation, aesthetic judgments of calligraphy images with action observation elicited stronger activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and the bilateral insula. Meanwhile, the superior parietal lobe which is associated with relevant inner action imitation, was also activated when observing the creator's action. Conclusions Brain activation in the superior parietal lobe, anterior cingulate cortex, and the bilateral insula indicated that observing the creative action of the creators contributed to the aesthetic experience of the observer. the neural mechanisms underlying the observation of creators' creative action (e.g., calligraphers creating calligraphy) remain unclear. Our study findings indicate that action observation strongly facilitates observers' aesthetic preferences.
Journal Article
On Construction and Transference: Landscripts from the Himalayan Journal in Pictogram Translation
This study investigates the metaphorical relationship between language and image of Xu Bing's Landscripts from the Himalayan Journal (1999). The refection has raised on the same origin history of Chinese calligraphy and painting, specifically, exploring the connection of language and image in a semiotic sense. The ambiguous relationship in the Chinese history between language and image formulated the invention of the pictogram which embraces the mobility of the innermost spirit of one's soul tarrying in the space outside language, at the same time out of the image. The translation from the form of language to image induces a contemplation of cultural dyslexia. The area that graphemes (i.e. symbols, characters and letters) dominate a role in the manifestation of the reality, as well as pictograms' direct use of the signifer and the signifed. The fuidity of Landscripts from the Himalayan Journal will be analysed in regard to Gaston Bachelard's concept of word space in The Poetic of Space (1964) and Walter Benjamin's translation account. Benjamin's translation theory is a 'living thing' and the 'kinship of language' will be further discussed throughout the mental entity of pictogram in Xu's landscript. Keywords: graphemes, pictogram, landscript, emptiness, translation
Journal Article
Calligraphy and Power in Contemporary Chinese Society
This unusual and interesting book is a fascinating account of the world of Chinese writing. It examines Chinese space and the political and social use of writing as propaganda, a publicity booster and as a ladder for social climbing.
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