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Winning Power
Campaigns are central to the practice of modern democracy and integral to political participation in the twenty-first century. In Winning Power, Tom Flanagan draws on decades of experience teaching political science and managing political campaigns to inform readers about what goes on behind the scenes. While the goal of political campaigning - using persuasion to build a winning coalition - remains constant, the means of achieving that goal are always changing. Flanagan dissects the effects of recent changes in financial regulation and grassroots fundraising, the advent of the \"permanent campaign,\" as well as the increase in negative advertising. He pulls these themes together to show how tactics are employed at specific points in a campaign by providing a firsthand account of his management of the Wildrose Party campaign in Alberta's 2012 provincial election. Lifting the veil of campaign secrecy, he provides a candid account of the successes and mistakes the newly formed party made in an election that nearly toppled the four-decade-long dynasty of Alberta's Progressive Conservatives. Modeling its campaign on the 2006 campaign that brought Stephen Harper to 24 Sussex Drive, Wildrose combined grassroots fundraising, an innovative platform that reached out to its electoral coalition, a carefully scripted leader’s tour, as well as negative and positive advertising in the race towards leadership. Success for the party seemed within reach until breakdowns in message discipline in the campaign’s final week caused the Wildrose tide to ebb. Citing diverse sources such as game theory, evolutionary psychology, and Aristotelian rhetoric, Flanagan explores the timeless aspects of campaigning and emphasizes new strategies of coalition-building. For future campaigners, Winning Power provides textbook illustrations of what does and doesn't work.
eBook
The Campaign Finance Cases
Rarely does the Supreme Court reverse itself as quickly and
profoundly as it did in recent campaign finance cases, with the
Citizens United decision of 2010 undoing the constraints
of the McCain-Feingold Act upheld in McConnell v. Federal
Election Commission (2003). And rarely have the stakes seemed
so high, as billionaires vie for elected office and dark money
floods political campaigns. In timely fashion, this new edition
updates Melvin Urofsky's classic study of campaign finance law,
bringing his cogent analysis of the relevant statutes and court
cases up to date. Urofsky explains in clear and convincing language
what was-and is-at stake in the twists and turns of campaign
finance laws taken up by the nation's highest court in the past
decades. Beginning with Buckley v. Valeo (1976) and moving
through McConnell, Citizens United , and finally
McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission (2014), Urofsky
discusses the two principles at issue in these cases: freedom of
political speech, and the protection of the political process from
undue influence. Conventional wisdom holds that in such cases
liberals want greater restrictions and conservatives want
corporations to have greater freedom to influence voters. But
working from a rich store of primary sources, probing the
motivations and ideas of all participants in the campaign finance
legal story, Urofsky reveals a far more complex picture, one whose
significance transcends simple political ideologies. In a time of
controversies over political speech in the blogosphere, social
media, and cable news, and claims of electoral fraud, The
Campaign Finance Cases offers a much-needed, balanced account
of how issues critical to American democracy figure in the
adjudication of campaign finance law, and how a changing political
and media landscape might alter the process.
eBook
Monitoring Democracy
In recent decades, governments and NGOs--in an effort to promote democracy, freedom, fairness, and stability throughout the world--have organized teams of observers to monitor elections in a variety of countries. But when more organizations join the practice without uniform standards, are assessments reliable? When politicians nonetheless cheat and monitors must return to countries even after two decades of engagement, what is accomplished? Monitoring Democracy argues that the practice of international election monitoring is broken, but still worth fixing. By analyzing the evolving interaction between domestic and international politics, Judith Kelley refutes prevailing arguments that international efforts cannot curb government behavior and that democratization is entirely a domestic process. Yet, she also shows that democracy promotion efforts are deficient and that outside actors often have no power and sometimes even do harm.
Analyzing original data on over 600 monitoring missions and 1,300 elections, Kelley grounds her investigation in solid historical context as well as studies of long-term developments over several elections in fifteen countries. She pinpoints the weaknesses of international election monitoring and looks at how practitioners and policymakers might help to improve them.
eBook
Multiethnic coalitions in Africa : business financing of opposition election campaigns
Why are politicians able to form electoral coalitions that bridge ethnic divisions in some countries and not others? This book answers this question by presenting a theory of pecuniary coalition building in multi-ethnic countries governed through patronage. Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, the book explains how the relative autonomy of business from state-controlled capital affects political bargaining among opposition politicians in particular. While incumbents form coalitions by using state resources to secure cross-ethnic endorsements, opposition politicians must rely on the private resources of business to do the same. This book combines cross-national analyses of African countries with in-depth case studies of Cameroon and Kenya to show that incumbents actively manipulate financial controls to prevent business from supporting their opposition. It demonstrates that opposition politicians are more likely to coalesce across ethnic cleavages once incumbents have lost their ability to blackmail the business sector through financial reprisals. Summary reprinted by permission of Cambridge University Press
eBook
Homeless Republicans: Haley Voters and the 2024 Presidential Primary in Coastal South Carolina
While former president Donald Trump cruised to victory in the 2024 Republican presidential primaries, he faced considerable opposition in the early states of Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina. In these initial contests, former South Carolina governor Nikki Haley attempted to rally traditional conservatives in defiance of Trumpism and won almost 40 percent of the vote across the three states. Though her campaign ultimately failed, she exposed rifts within the Trumpified GOP. The South Carolina primary results exemplified clear social and geographic divides, with affluent precincts the most likely to oppose Trump's third run. Numerous Republican neighborhoods chose Haley over Trump, indicating that her appeal extended beyond crossover voters. This article uses coastal South Carolina as a case study to map electoral patterns and correlate relevant demographic characteristics. Connections with education, income, and population change underscore the geographic dimensions to Republican ideological divisions, suggesting that bastions of college-educated conservatives remain unconvinced by Trumpism, despite his success in broadening the party's base with new supporters. South Carolina's Haley voters are emblematic of MAGA-wary Republicans nationwide, who have contributed to competitive races in recent years and will continue to influence campaign strategies moving forward.
Journal Article
Lessons learnt from 12 oral cholera vaccine campaigns in resource-poor settings
Improving water and sanitation is the preferred choice for cholera control in the long-term. Nevertheless, vaccination is an available tool that has been shown to be a cost-effective option for cholera prevention in endemic countries or during outbreaks. In 2011 the first low-cost oral cholera vaccine for international use was given prequalification by the World Health Organization (WHO). To increase and prioritize use of the vaccine, WHO created a global stockpile in 2013 from which countries may request oral cholera vaccine for reactive campaigns. WHO has issued specific guidelines for applying for the vaccine, which was previously in short supply (despite prequalification for a second oral vaccine in 2015). The addition of a third WHO-prequalified oral cholera vaccine in 2016 is expected to increase the global stockpile considerably and alleviate supply issues. However, prioritization and best use of the vaccine (e.g. how, when and where to use) will remain challenges. We describe 12 past oral cholera vaccine campaigns, conducted in settings with varying burdens of cholera. These case studies illustrate three key challenges faced in the use of the oral cholera vaccines: regulatory hurdles, cold chain logistics and vaccine coverage and uptake. To pave the way for the introduction of current and future oral cholera vaccines, we discuss operational challenges and make recommendations for future research with respect to each of these challenges.
Journal Article
How do crowd investors prioritize evaluation criteria for equity crowdfunding? A decision support model
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a decision support model to prioritize equity crowdfunding (ECF) evaluation criteria under an uncertain environment.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed decision support model first identifies a holistic list of evaluation criteria and subcriteria. These criteria are then analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) environment to identify the relative importance attached by crowdfunding investors to five sets of evaluation criteria (fundraiser, platform, project, campaign and investment characteristics) and their associated subcriteria. The proposed decision support model and ECF evaluation criteria were empirically examined using a real-life case study from January to February 2023.
Findings
The case study illustrated that the decision support model enhanced fairness and transparency in the prioritization of ECF evaluation criteria. Project characteristics were the most important criterion, followed by fundraiser characteristics and investment characteristics. These results can serve as a benchmark to help crowd investors choose ventures more wisely and make better investment decisions.
Originality/value
The tasks of modeling and prioritizing ECF evaluation criteria are relatively rarely addressed in the literature, especially under uncertainty. This study is one of the first attempts to use the AHP to explore ECF evaluation criteria in an IVIF environment; in particular, it sheds light on the importance that crowd investors attach to criteria related to fundraiser, platform, project, campaign and investment characteristics.
Journal Article
Investigating the causes of financial default among SMEs in Kuwait with evidence from the national fund for enterprise development
This research explores the causes behind increasing defaults among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kuwait by focusing on the impact of the crisis and the role of the Kuwait National Fund for SME Development. The central crisis examined in this study is the COVID-19 pandemic, which acted as a catalyst that intensified pre-existing financial and operational challenges within the SME sector. Other systemic vulnerabilities such as limited financial literacy, weak risk management, and policy gaps are also considered within this broader crisis context. By employing a mixed method approach, the study draws on 15 interviews with owners of defaulted SMEs and a questionnaire involving 64 defaulted SMEs. This dual method framework qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative (survey based statistics) provides both depth and generalizability in understanding default risks. Thematic analysis revealed that crises such as COVID-19 related operational delays, changes in customer behaviour, and increased financial obligations were the main contributing factors. The quantitative findings align with these themes, with 89% acknowledging that the pandemic affected their ability to repay loans. This research contributes to existing literature by empirically linking crisis induced pressures to SME loan defaults in a Gulf context, with Kuwait as the focus. Policy implications include strengthening the Kuwait National Fund’s role in flexible financial support, risk management programs, and enhancing SME access to alternative funding channels. The study proposes that the Kuwait National Fund for SME Development could implement sustainability policies and practices such as flexible financial support, capacity building, risk management, and facilitating connections with alternative funding sources to address these issues. These proposed strategies provide SMEs with more resources and skills to handle challenges, which may reduce default rates and contribute to a more resilient SME sector in Kuwait.
Journal Article