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Mark Carney, an economist with decades of experience in banking who is new to politics, is slated to become Canada's next leader. He says he'll fight against President Trump's threats of tariffs and making Canada the \"51st state.\"

The National Park Service and Parks Canada; the Great Society and the Just Society; the Flatiron Building in New York and the Gooderham Building in Toronto (truth be told, ours was first). [...]Canada's population recently overtook California's, there were more Americans thinking like Canadians in the U.S. than there were in all of Canada. UnAmerican, yes, but your blood pressure will thank you. More Canadian prudence and fewer bank failures.

[...]in his second term as U.S. president, the same Trump has on several occasions publicly expressed his interest in making Canada America's \"51st state.\" The outcome of Trump's actions is that Canadians are now expressing a record high negative view of the U.S. In the March 30-31, 2025 poll conducted by Leger for the Association for Canadian Studies, some 33 per cent of Canadians say they have a positive view of the U.S. The survey puts negative views of the United States at 58 per cent, a point higher than the rate of negative sentiment that Canadians harbor towards China (ACS-Leger, March 29-31, 2025.) When asked what makes Canadians different, one might have expected references to universal health care north of the border and gun violence to the south. Trump reveals Canada 'end game/ sounds off on 'rogue'judges,\" Fox News, March 19, 2025. www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDu9mDjXfqs Jeffey Jones, \"U.S. Views of Israel, Ukraine, Mexico Most Divided by Party,\" Gallup Poll, Feb. 24,2025. https://news.gallup.com/poll/657125/views-israelukraine-mexico-divided-party.aspx Legerforthe Association for Canadian Studies, March 29 and 30,2025 Legerforthe Association for Canadian Studies, March 1 and 2,2025 Legerforthe Association for Canadian Studies, November 22-24,2024 Legerforthe Association for Canadian Studies, May 17-20,2024 Darren Major, \"No longer a joke:

A plan will involve concurrent tracks requiring ongoing attention and constant adjustments, including: - Fighting the tariffs;1 - Dismantling internal trade barriers to create freer trade within Canada; - Building the infrastructure to get our goods to market and improve our productity; - 'Getting right' coherence, coordination and collaboration between all levels of government; - Diversifying trade and encouraging provincial governments to market their goods and services and attract foreign investment; - Re-investing in defence and re-thinking collective security with allies. Success will depend on Canadian business - small, medium and big - and Canadian labour, especially those who are affiliated to American counterparts like the Steelworkers, Teamsters and Seafarers, actively reaching out with their ask and in doing so posing some simple questions: - Do Americans want to pay more for their gas and groceries because of tariffs? - Do American farmers want to pay more for potash while losing Canada as one of their biggest markets? - Do we really want to wreck our joint auto industry with a tsunami of tariffs every time a part crosses the border? Since Franklin Roosevelt, presidents whether Democrat or Republican understood the big picture and their attitude to Canada was mostly benign and, often, benevolent. The Republican party controls the legislative branch, with slim majorities in both the House and Senate. [...]the pendulum swings back, we depend on the third branch of government, the judiciary, to uphold the rule of law on, for example, the legitimacy of using the demonstrably false claims against Canada as a source of fentanyl and migrants to justify \"national security\" tariffs.

A.: I would not describe this as a historical rupture if we take a longer view of the relationship that formally begins after the Civil War (186165) in the United States. [...]in a historic election in 1988, Canada voted for Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, who strongly supported free trade with the United States. Manufacturing has declined in both countries - as it has in all developed economies - agriculture has been commercialized, the service sector has grown exponentially in both economies as a source of income and exports, and technology is dramatically reshaping the service sector, as well as the agricultural and resource extraction sectors. [...]more important, the tariffs can be used to buy time as we reform our economy, seek foreign investment outside U.S. capital markets, and enable investment in the technologies that will be fundamental to the economy of the future.

The United States has long represented one of Canada's primary international allies. This partnership has remained strong despite turbulent times in the relationship, such as the one brought forth by the Trump presidency. Our article seeks to understand the sources of such continuity through the lens of continentalism. While historical accounts of continentalism have portrayed it as a passive force stemming from Canada's material self-interest, scholars have recently identified the emergence of an evolved form of continentalism that represents a dominant idea and a coherent analytical framework in Canadian foreign policy. Has this new form of continentalism indeed gained widespread acceptance among Canadians? We answer this question by considering continentalism in the ideational realm. Using novel public opinion data, our analysis investigates whether continentalist attitudes have become embedded in Canadians’ national identity and foster closer alignment preferences vis-à-vis the United States. We find significant and robust evidence of such effects.

Who is Mark Carney, Canada’s new prime minister? As the former central banker faces his toughest job so far, how will his premiership be shaped by Donald Trump?

Commentators still aren't settled on the lessons of the 1988 free trade election: on the one hand, Mulroney won a Parliamentary majority and secured approval for his continentalist approach; on the other, he could only muster 43 per cent popular support and was lucky the Liberals and New Democrats split the nays. Even though the Nixon tariffs lasted just four months, they spawned a good decade worth of initiatives, such as the Foreign Investment Review Agency, the creation of Petr°Canada, a clutch of Canadian content regulations and, ultimately, the divisive National Energy Program. The Auto Pact provided a model for his government to enter into quiet negotiations with the U.S. in 1982 aimed at creating four similar sectoral agreements. There are three ways to grow our economy: at home with such measures as lowering internal trade barriers and developing and attracting talent; in the world through diversifying our export mix, both in terms of markets and products, and; on the continent by securing as much access as possible to the nearby and dynamic U.S. market.

Jack Jedwab, president of the Association for Canadian Studies and the Metropolis Institute, shares recent survey results showing a \"record high negative view of the U.S.\" among Canadians and a startling number of citizens - one in five - who say they genuinely fear the possibility of a U.S. military invasion. Political scientist and author Dr. Debra Thompson, the Canada Research Chair in Racial Inequality in Democratic Societies at McGill University, examines the cross-border impacts of Donald Trump's \"war on woke\" and how his government's \"outright assault\" on diversity, equity and inclusion programs in the U.S. amounts to a \"conservative counterrevolution\" that is challenging recent advances made by a host progressive movements. Trump's \"51st state\" bluster is an echo, he argues, of the Manifest Destiny doctrine fueled by the notion that \"U.S. territorial growth was inevitable and justiñed.\" Janice Stein, the Belzberg Professor of Conflict Management and the founding Director of the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto, emphasizes that in the face of the Trump threat to Canada's industry and independence, the wisest strategy is \"to look to the future and make the investments in technology and productivity that will shape the next-generation economies.\"

The idea of acquiring Canada was a recurring theme in American political discourse from the American Revolution through the aftermath of the Civil War, influencing the formation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867 as a defensive measure against U.S. annexationist ambitions. Yet he could have gone further - had he exempted Alberta oil entirely, he might have baited Ottawa into imposing an export tax that would have inflamed national unity tensions. [...]far, no one in Trump's camp has attempted to court the Parti Québécois, despite its current polling strength and its pledge to hold a third sovereignty referendum if it wins the 2026 Quebec election. Carney's polling strength stemmed in part from the perception that he is well-equipped to handle Trump's aggressive trade and foreign policy maneuvers.