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Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPs) are important active polysaccharides found in Dendrobium officinale, which is commonly used as a conventional food or herbal medicine and is well known in China. DOPs can influence the composition of the gut microbiota and the degradation capacity of these symbiotic bacteria, which in turn may determine the efficacy of dietary interventions. However, the necessary analysis of the relationship between DOPs and the gut microbiota is lacking. In this review, we summarize the extraction, structure, health benefits, and related mechanisms of DOPs, construct the DOPs-host axis, and propose that DOPs are potential prebiotics, mainly composed of 1,4-β-D-mannose, 1,4-β-D-glucose, and O-acetate groups, which induce an increase in the abundance of gut microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Prevotella. In addition, we found that when exposed to DOPs with different structural properties, the gut microbiota may exhibit different diversity and composition and provide health benefits, such as metabolism regulations, inflammation modulation, immunity moderation, and cancer intervention. This may contribute to facilitating the development of functional foods and health products to improve human health.

Purpose Although rare, non-metastatic proximal femoral fracture (PFF) can develop in patients with active cancer. However, little data are available regarding the risks and benefits of surgical treatment in such patients. The purpose of his study was to investigate the risks and benefits of surgical treatment of PFF in patients with and without cancer. Methods We retrospectively examined the medical records of all patients treated for PFF, excluding those with pathological fracture, at our hospital from July 2013 to December 2020. The patients were divided into two groups; The active cancer group and the standard group. We investigated in both groups about surgical and medical complications during the perioperative period, walking ability two weeks postoperatively, and one-year postoperative mortality rate. Result After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 39 patients in the active cancer group and 331 patients in the standard group were finally investigated. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The complication rate did not appear statistical significance between two groups (16.7% in active cancer group vs 10.7% in standard group: p = 0.272). Walking ability was also similar in two groups. Mortality rate at one year was significantly higher in the active cancer group. (41.2% in active cancer group vs 6.0% in standard group: p < 0.05). Conclusion Although the active cancer group had a higher mortality rate at one year, which was influenced by the prognosis of the cancer, the benefits of surgical intervention, such as regaining walking ability, were the same in patients with and without active cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective treatment strategies. Exosomes and exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have recently received widespread attention due to their various bioactivity functions and potential clinical applications. The present study focused on the molecular mechanism of pomegranate peel-derived ELNs (PELNs) in anti-CRC therapy. PELNs were successfully extracted via the ultra-centrifugation method and were effectively received by CRC cells (SW480). In addition, the proliferation and migration of CRC cells treated with PELNs were significantly inhibited in vitro. RNA sequencing results indicated that PELN treatment affected the expression levels of numerous genes associated with signal transduction, cell cycle and cancer, suggesting its potential in the field of anti-CRC through crossing-kingdom regulation.

This scoping review provides an overview of cancer interventions implemented with Arab Americans across the cancer control continuum, including an examination of outcomes and implementation processes. The search strategy included database searching and reviewing reference lists and forward citations to identify articles describing interventions with Arab adults living in the US, with no restrictions on date of publication or research methodology. The review included 23 papers describing 12 unique cancer interventions. Most interventions focused on individual-level determinants of breast and cervical cancer screening; used non-quasi-experimental research designs to evaluate intervention effectiveness; and demonstrated improvements in short-term cancer screening knowledge. Implementation processes were less commonly described. Most interventions were culturally and linguistically tailored to communities of focus; were delivered in educational sessions in community settings; engaged with the community mostly for recruitment and implementation; and were funded by foundation grants. Suggestions for research and intervention development are discussed.

Patients with inoperable hepatobiliary cancers often endure severe abdominal pain, which impacts their quality of life. This pain is usually a combination of both nociceptive and neuropathic pain, which necessitates a comprehensive multimodal approach for effective management. Splanchnic nerve plexus block (SNB) has shown promising results in this regard. This case series reviews the literature and clinical practices, exploring the potential benefits of early SNB in the palliative care of patients with hepatobiliary cancers. We describe three cases illustrating SNB’s potential in achieving notable pain relief. Each patient reported a pain reduction from 10/10 to less than 1/10, a reduced requirement for opioids and sustained relief at a 1-month follow-up. This case series suggests the potential role of SNB in select patients with ongoing oncology therapy for alleviating severe pain, decreasing opioid requirements and potentially enhancing overall functional status.

Gallbladder paragangliomas are exceedingly rare neuroendocrine tumours, with fewer than 40 reported cases in the English literature. Paraganglioma of the cystic duct is even rarer, with only one prior case documented. We report the case of a male in his late 40s who presented with recurrent, intermittent abdominal pain and was diagnosed preoperatively with cholelithiasis. He underwent an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, after which postoperative histopathology revealed an incidental gallbladder paraganglioma with positive margins at the cystic duct. A metastatic work-up was negative, and the patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic re-excision of the cystic duct stump and regional lymphadenectomy. Histology confirmed residual tumour with negative margins and no nodal metastasis. The patient remains under short-term follow-up. This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of incidental gallbladder paraganglioma, particularly when surgical margins are involved, and highlights the need for individualised management in the absence of formal guidelines.

Background:  While much of cancer research has historically centered on innovations within clinical or laboratory settings, most of the factors shaping equity in cancer outcomes reside outside hospital walls—in neighborhoods, workplaces, and community networks. This reality underscores the need for community-involved and community-living interventions: programs co-designed and delivered within communities to meet people where they live, work, and socialize . Such interventions hold the greatest promise for sustainability because they are embedded in the daily lives, cultures, and resources of the populations they serve. Methods: This special collection brings together research that illuminates the power of community-centered and community co-led strategies for prevention, early detection, treatment, and survivorship across diverse settings. Results: The articles in this series illustrate how innovation, cultural humility, and local engagement can bridge persistent gaps in cancer care. Conclusion: Together, they highlight how communities themselves are essential partners in dismantling disparities and achieving lasting cancer control.