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A synoptic overview of golden jackal parasites reveals high diversity of species
The golden jackal (
Canis aureus
) is a species under significant and fast geographic expansion. Various parasites are known from golden jackals across their geographic range, and certain groups can be spread during their expansion, increasing the risk of cross-infection with other carnivores or even humans. The current list of the golden jackal parasites includes 194 species and was compiled on the basis of an extensive literature search published from historical times until April 2017, and is shown herein in synoptic tables followed by critical comments of the various findings. This large variety of parasites is related to the extensive geographic range, territorial mobility and a very unselective diet. The vast majority of these parasites are shared with domestic dogs or cats. The zoonotic potential is the most important aspect of species reported in the golden jackal, some of them, such as
Echinococcus
spp., hookworms,
Toxocara
spp., or
Trichinella
spp., having a great public health impact. Our review brings overwhelming evidence on the importance of
Canis aureus
as a wild reservoir of human and animal parasites.
Journal Article
Coyote Settles the South
One night, poet and environmental writer John Lane tuned in to a sound from behind his house that he had never heard before: the nearby eerie and captivating howls of coyotes. Since this was Spartanburg, South Carolina, and not Missoula, Montana, Lane set out to discover all he could about his new and unexpected neighbors.Coyote Settles the South is the story of his journey through the Southeast, as he visits coyote territories: swamps, nature preserves, old farm fields, suburbs, a tannery, and even city streets. On his travels he meets, interrogates, and observes those who interact with the animals·trappers, wildlife researchers, hunters, rattled pet owners, and even one devoted coyote hugger. Along the way, he encounters sensible, yet sometimes perplexing, insight concerning the migration into the Southeast of the American coyote, an animal that, in the end, surprises him with its intelligence, resilience, and amazing adaptability.
eBook
Coyotes and wolves are not pets!
Introduces coyotes and wolves, describing their physical characteristics, habitat, behavior, discussing why these animals are unsuitable as pets, and also explains how to coexist safely and prevent attacks -- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
To See Them Run
To See Them Run explores how and why Great Plains hunters have chased coyotes with greyhounds and other sight hounds since before George Armstrong Custer. Though a well-developed, long-lived, widespread, and undeniably enthralling tradition, the practice remains little known, even to those living in Oklahoma, Nebraska, and South Dakota, where the tradition is common. Coyote coursing, hunting with greyhounds launched from specially made pickup rigs, is a hobby by locals, for locals, and it has remained a quintessentially vernacular enterprise occupying a rung below the Plains' prestige forms of animal training and interaction—namely with horses and cattle. The coyote coursing tradition provides an ideal setting for exploring the relationship between animals and the study of folklore. The book examines the artistry, thrills, values, camaraderie, economy, and controversies of this uncommercialized and never-before-studied vernacular tradition. Through ethnographic photographs and authentic collected commentary from participants, this book uncovers how hunting dogs and coyotes both have shaped and been shaped by human aesthetic sensibilities in ongoing folkloric and biological processes. Author Eric A. Eliason and photographer Scott Squire discover deep and sophisticated local knowledge in a unique interaction with the natural ecologies of the great North American prairie.
eBook
Doggy people : the Victorians who made the modern dog
This book reveals the varied and often eccentric lives of the Victorians who helped define dogs as we know them today.
Book
Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage
Dire wolves are considered to be one of the most common and widespread large carnivores in Pleistocene America
1
, yet relatively little is known about their evolution or extinction. Here, to reconstruct the evolutionary history of dire wolves, we sequenced five genomes from sub-fossil remains dating from 13,000 to more than 50,000 years ago. Our results indicate that although they were similar morphologically to the extant grey wolf, dire wolves were a highly divergent lineage that split from living canids around 5.7 million years ago. In contrast to numerous examples of hybridization across Canidae
2
,
3
, there is no evidence for gene flow between dire wolves and either North American grey wolves or coyotes. This suggests that dire wolves evolved in isolation from the Pleistocene ancestors of these species. Our results also support an early New World origin of dire wolves, while the ancestors of grey wolves, coyotes and dholes evolved in Eurasia and colonized North America only relatively recently.
Dire wolves split from living canids around 5.7 million years ago and originated in the New World isolated from the ancestors of grey wolves and coyotes, which evolved in Eurasia and colonized North America only relatively recently.
Journal Article
Does co-infection with vector-borne pathogens play a role in clinical canine leishmaniosis?
Background
The severity of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to
Leishmania infantum
might be affected by other vector-borne organisms that mimic its clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine co-infections with other vector-borne pathogens based on serological and molecular techniques in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis living in Spain and to associate them with clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities as well as disease severity.
Methods
Sixty-one dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and 16 apparently healthy dogs were tested for
Rickettsia conorii
,
Ehrlichia canis
,
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
and
Bartonella henselae
antigens by the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and for
E. canis
,
Anaplasma
spp.,
Hepatozoon
spp.,
Babesia
spp. and filarioid DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
Among the dogs examined by IFAT, the seroprevalences were: 69% for
R. conorii
, 57% for
E. canis
, 44% for
A. phagocytophilum
and 37% for
B. henselae
; while the prevalences found by PCR were: 8% for
Ehrlichia
/
Anaplasma
, 3% for
Anaplasma platys
and 1% for
H. canis
. No other pathogen DNA was detected. Statistical association was found between dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and seroreactivity to
R. conorii
antigen (Fisher’s exact test:
P
= 0.025, OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1–17) and
A. phagocytophilum
antigen (Fisher’s exact test:
P
= 0.002, OR = 14.3, 95% CI = 2–626) and being positive to more than one serological or molecular tests (co-infections) (Mann-Whitney test:
U
= 243,
Z
= -2.6,
n
1
= 14,
n
2
= 61,
P
= 0.01) when compared with healthy dogs. Interestingly, a statistical association was found between the presence of
R. conorii
,
E. canis
,
A. phagocytophilum
and
B. henselae
antibodies in sick dogs and some clinicopathological abnormalities such as albumin and albumin/globulin ratio decrease and increase in serum globulins. Furthermore, seroreactivity with
A. phagocytophilum
antigens was statistically associated with CanL clinical stages III and IV.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that dogs with clinical leishmaniosis from Catalonia (Spain) have a higher rate of co-infections with other vector-borne pathogens when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, positivity to some vector-borne pathogens was associated with more marked clinicopathological abnormalities as well as disease severity with CanL.
Journal Article
Molecular and microscopic detection of haemoprotozoan diseases in dogs from Haryana, India
Haemoparasitic infections are frequently observed in dogs from tropical regions, including India. The present investigation combined microscopic blood smear examination and PCR assays to assess the occurrence of canine tick-borne diseases (CTBD) from suspected dogs in and around Hisar, Haryana. Using the Giemsa-stained peripheral thin blood smear examination, 15 (12.5%) of the 120 dogs were infected with CTBD, with 5.8%, 3.3%, 2.5%, and 0.8% dogs testing positive for
Hepatozoon canis
,
Ehrlichia canis
,
Babesia vogeli
, and
Babesia gibsoni
, respectively. Using the PCR assay, CTBD was found to be 64.16% (77/120) in examined dogs. Of the 77 PCR-positive canines, 56 were infected with a single haemoparasite, while 21 were infected with two or more species.
H. canis
was the most abundant tick-borne pathogen, representing 35%, followed by
E. canis
25.8%,
B. vogeli
20%, and
B. gibsoni
2.5%. The most common co-infection was with
H. canis
along with
E. canis
(7.5%). The PCR assay was proven to be more efficient for detecting haemoparasites in dogs compared to blood smear examinations. The study suggests that canine tick-borne diseases are common in Haryana and recommends using PCR-based molecular tests in addition to conventional microscopic examination to diagnose these infections for effective treatment and management of infected canines.
Journal Article