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Cannabis
Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary exploration of the natural origins and early evolution of this famous plant, highlighting its historic role in the development of human societies. Cannabis has long been prized for the strong and durable fiber in its stalks, its edible and oil-rich seeds, and the psychoactive and medicinal compounds produced by its female flowers. The culturally valuable and often irreplaceable goods derived from cannabis deeply influenced the commercial, medical, ritual, and religious practices of cultures throughout the ages, and human desire for these commodities directed the evolution of the plant toward its contemporary varieties. As interest in cannabis grows and public debate over its many uses rises, this book will help us understand why humanity continues to rely on this plant and adapts it to suit our needs.
eBook
Cannabinoids and the brain
\"Parker describes the discovery of tetrahydocannbinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis, and the further discovery of cannabinoid receptors in the brain. She explains that the brain produces chemicals similar to THC, which act on the same receptors as THC, and shows that the endocannabinoid system is involved in all aspects of brain functioning. Parker reports that cannabis contains not only the psychoactive compound THC, but also other compounds of potential therapeutic benefit, and that one of them, cannabidiol (CBD), shows promise for the treatment of pain, anxiety, and epilepsy. Parker reviews the evidence on cannabinoids and anxiety, depression, mood, sleep, schizophrenia, learning and memory, addiction, sex, appetite and obesity, chemotherapy-induced nausea, epilepsy, and such neurodegenerative disorders as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Each chapter also links the scientific evidence to historical and anecdotal reports of the medicinal use of cannabis.\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids
Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk.
However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively.
Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agenda-outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issues-that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs.
eBook
Remedicalizing Cannabis
Remedicalizing Cannabis discovers the historical ins and outs of cannabis as a botanical product with medical applications. Addressing questions about patient access, the effectiveness of international drug control systems, and the role of expert advice, it reveals how we have arrived at the current classification of cannabis as a medical product.
eBook
Population genomics of a natural Cannabis sativa L. collection from Iran identifies novel genetic loci for flowering time, morphology, sex and chemotyping
Background
Future breeding and selection of
Cannabis sativa
L. for both drug production and industrial purposes require a source of germplasm with wide genetic variation, such as that found in wild relatives and progenitors of highly cultivated plants. Limited directional selection and breeding have occurred in this crop, especially informed by molecular markers.
Results
This study investigated the population genomics of a natural cannabis collection comprising male and female individuals from various climatic zones in Iran. Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS), we sequenced 228 individuals from 35 populations. The data obtained enabled an association analysis, linking genotypes with key phenotypes such as inflorescence characteristics, flowering time, plant morphology, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) content, and sex. We detected approximately 23,266 significant high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), establishing associations between markers and traits. The population structure analysis revealed that Iranian cannabis plants fall into five distinct groups. Additionally, a comparison with global data suggested that the Iranian populations is distinctive and generally closer to marijuana than to hemp, with some populations showing a closer affinity to hemp. The GWAS identified novel genetic loci associated with sex, yield, and chemotype traits in cannabis, which had not been previously reported.
Conclusion
The study's findings highlight the distinct genetic structure of Iranian Cannabis populations. The identification of novel genetic loci associated with important traits suggests potential targets for future breeding programs. This research underscores the value of the Iranian cannabis germplasm as a resource for breeding and selection efforts aimed at improving Cannabis for various uses.
Journal Article
Combination of red and UV-A light enhances hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescence yield and cannabinoid content
Light spectrum plays a crucial role in regulating the growth of hemp (
Cannabis sativa
L.) plants and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Several studies have demonstrated that additional red-light exposure increases biomass accumulation, while supplementary UV-A light stimulates cannabinoid synthesis. Nevertheless, the potential of stage-specific supplementation of red and UV-A light remains underexplored in its capacity to optimize cannabinoid yield in indoor hemp cultivation. In the present study, the effect of red light in combination with UV-A light on hemp biomass and cannabinoid accumulation was investigated using a high-CBD strain. There were four treatments: (1) white light throughout the growth period (control; V
W
R
W
); (2) red light supplementation during the vegetative stage (V
WR
R
W
); (3) UV-A supplementation (V
W
R
WUV
) during the flowering stage; and (4) combined red and UV-A supplementation (V
WR
R
WUV
) during the vegetative and flowering stages. Results showed that V
WR
R
W
promoted the number of effective branches (increased by 18.0%) compared to the control (V
W
R
W
), resulting in an increase in inflorescence yield by 17.9%. V
W
R
WUV
increased CBG and CBD content by 52.7% and 12.1%, respectively, relative to the control. The effect of V
WR
R
WUV
on biomass and cannabinoid accumulation was the strongest among the treatments, with CBG and CBD yields reaching 0.53 g and 4.62 g per plant, representing significant increase of 91.8% (
p
< 0.01) and 44.1% (
p
< 0.01), respectively, compared to the control. However, there were no significant differences in CBD yield among the V
WR
R
W
, V
W
R
WUV
and V
WR
R
WUV
treatments, indicating that the combined supplementation of red and UV-A light did not have an additive effect on CBD accumulation. These findings highlight the potential of stage-specific spectral strategy to optimize both plant growth and phytochemical quantity.
Journal Article