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Caper ( Capparis spinosa L.) is a perennial shrub of the family Capparaceae, endemic to circum-Mediterranean countries. Caper carries a renowned nutritional value, especially in terms of vitamins and antioxidants related to the occurrence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and glucosinolates as main secondary metabolites. Caper extracts have also shown to display antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects which correlate the uses of the plant in folk medicine against both metabolic and infectious diseases. The present review aims to provide exhaustive phytochemistry and pharmacological properties survey on Caper constituents. Attention has also been given to the nutritional values and traditional uses of main organs to pinpoint research gaps for future investigations on the plant.

Background Drying is a critical post-harvest process for medicinal plants, which are typically high in moisture and microorganisms. To prevent spoilage and quality loss, it is essential to dry these plants promptly. The drying method significantly impacts the levels of secondary metabolites and the organoleptic characteristics of medicinal plants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various drying methods on the total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, and phenolic acids in caper ( Capparis spinosa L.) fruits. The experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with three replications and included 11 treatments: shade drying, sun drying, oven drying (at 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C), microwave drying (at 300 W, 600 W, and 900 W), freeze-drying, salt-drying, and a fresh plant sample as a control. Results Among the drying methods tested, microwave drying consistently produced the highest levels of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity, regardless of wattage. Specifically, the highest total phenol content was observed in samples dried at 900 W microwave, 600 W microwave, and 70 °C in the oven (5.3, 5.37, and 5.31 mg GAE/g DW, respectively). Drying at 600 W microwave yielded the highest levels of caffeic, cinnamic, ferulic, vanillic, and protocatechuic acids (13.03, 3.85, 4.28, 9.73, and 5.6 µg/g, respectively) while drying at 900 W microwave also resulted in elevated levels of caffeic, ferulic, protocatechuic, and p -coumaric acids. The 70 °C oven drying method also showed high levels of caffeic, cinnamic, ferulic, vanillic, and protocatechuic acids. Freeze-drying achieved the highest levels of rosmarinic, gallic, and m -coumaric acids (320.17, 175.3, and 12.99 µg/g, respectively), while shade drying produced high levels of p -hydroxybenzoic, cinnamic, ferulic, m -coumaric, protocatechuic, and p -coumaric acids. Conclusions Overall, microwave drying (especially at 600 W), oven drying at 70 °C, and freeze-drying emerged as effective alternatives to traditional drying methods. These methods not only preserved the color, texture, and taste of the fruits but also enhanced their bioactive compound levels.

Caper bush ( Capparis spinosa ) is a naturally grown species in different soils. To gain insight into the impact of various soil conditions on nutritional and phytochemical properties, aerial parts of caper bush (C. spinosa) were collected from gypsum and non-gypsum soils in southern Iran. Colorimetric analyses of antioxidant compounds (total phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant capacity tests (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) were carried out, and intact aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates (predominant aliphatic glucocapparin) were analyzed by HPLC-DAD method. Based on the findings, plant parts and sites significantly impacted most parameters. The highest TPC values were observed in the petals in gypsum soil and the lowest in the non-gypsum soil seeds by 2317.78 and 635.06 mg/kg FW, respectively. Likewise, the highest TFC was recorded in the non-gypsum soil leaves and the lowest in the non-gypsum soil seeds by 401.06 and 55.61 Qu mg/kg FW, respectively. The highest and lowest FRAP values were observed in the leaves in gypsum (0.94) and the pistils in gypsum soil (0.80), respectively. Regarding ABTS values, the flags in the non-gypsum and gypsum sites showed the highest and lowest values of 89.51 and 78.40%, respectively. High DPPH values were recorded for most parts. The highest amount of glucocapparin was found in the pistils in gypsum, and the lowest was in the petals in gypsum soil by 35.81 and 21.65 µmol/g DW, respectively. The gypsum sites showed higher values for most of the studied parameters. The PCA results showed that pistils were associated with glucocapparin, petals with DPPH, and the leaves and sepals with TPC, FRAP, ABTS, and TFC. The majority of studied factors correlated well with TPC. Our results supported the potential of caper bush ( C. spinosa ) as a underexploited food rich in bioactivephytochemicals adapted to harsh soil conditions, with the potential for implementation in agroecosystems with adverse environmental conditions with the potential of better adaptation for securing the access to plant-derived foods.

Capparis spinosa L. shrubs (Caper bush) are known for tolerating different ecological conditions. There is a lack of knowledge on the relations between the mineral nutrient composition of the Caper bush aerial plant parts according to the soil conditions where they have grown. Therefore, the aim is to study the mineral composition of soils, fruits, and leaves of C. spinosa species grown in two habitats. The samples (soils, leaves, and fruits) of the Caper bush were collected in Abkenar rangeland. Mineral nutrients and trace elements were determined in the samples of soils, fruits, and leaves, using the ICP‐MS technique. The soil samples showed a significant increase in C, Ca, Mg, and S, and a notable decrease in P in the gypsum soils. However, there were no significant differences in the mineral nutrients of the leaves between the two sites, but among trace elements, gypsum‐grown leaves had higher levels of Li, Se, Mo, Cr, and Sr. Apart from nitrogen, all other elements were within the normal range of sufficiency for the plant. For fruit elemental analysis, it was observed that the amount of S, Sr, and Mo was significantly higher and K significantly lower in gypsum habitats. As for fruit essential minerals, there was a slight deficiency in P, Ca, Mg, and Mn, while the levels of other elements were at the normal range. The biochemical adaptation of C. spinosa buffered or avoided the excessive accumulation of elements in the different soils. Also, the contents in the leaves and fruits were mainly in the normal range and not accumulating toxic elements. Elemental comparison of leaves and fruits in gypsum soil showed that gypsum soils had good quality with high levels of Ca, S, and Mg. The mineral composition of Caper bush (Capparis spinosa L.) leaves and fruits was only slightly affected by increasing gypsum in the soil. Additionally, the biochemical adaptation of C. spinosa helped buffer or prevent the excessive accumulation of elements in different soils. The contents in the leaves and fruits mainly remained within normal ranges and did not accumulate toxic elements.

Medicinal plants are the nature's gift to human being to make disease free healthy life. It plays a vital role to preserve our health. Capparidaceae family comprises various important medicinal properties distributed in tropical and subtropical India, whose medicinal usage has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurvedha, Siddha and Unani. Plants belongs to the Capparidaceae family has been described as a rasayana herb and has been used extensively as an adaptogen to increase the non specific resistance of antioxidant and immunostimulant effects. The C. sepiaria, C. spinosa, C. tomentosa and C. zeylanica etc., belongs to this family is reported as used in traditional medicine. The diverse phytoconstituents and various medicobiological uses of the plants belonging to this family were reviewed here.

Brown's miss undoubtedly set off cries among the lunatic fringe that he did so on purpose to ensure the Texans' shot at [Reggie Bush]. And the element of mystery deepened when [Kris Brown] fled the locker room before reporters entered. All that was left in his cubicle was a couple of hangers and a pack of gum. Perhaps a premier talent such as Bush can help change the fortunes, but it will be too late to save the only coach the Texans have had during four years of existence. Dom Capers will be fired today according to several reports. He is 18-46 as the Texans' coach. Charley Casserly said that he reached a deal over the weekend to remain as the team's general manager. Capers has a meeting today with Bob McNair, the Texans' founder, chairman and chief executive officer.

SAN FRANCISCO - When Joe Nedney kicked an overtime field goal through a drizzle as miserable as these teams' records, everybody won something yesterday in the 49ers' season finale against the Texans. The 49ers (4-12) salvaged some pride with consecutive victories. The Texans (2-14) definitely won by losing soon-to-be-fired coach Dom Capers' final game, wrapping up the No. 1 draft pick and the chance to dream about Reggie Bush. The kick also provoked a giant sigh of relief in Houston, as the Texans narrowly avoided ruining the only solace left in their awful season. After the game, a person close to the organization told The Associated Press that Capers will be fired today to start an offseason of big changes - probably peaking with a red, white and blue jersey for Bush.

The Texans' 20-17 setback in overtime at Monster Park on Sunday secured them the No. 1 pick in the NFL draft.

  Flynn signed a three-year, $19.5 million deal with Seattle at the end of the 2011 season, which included setting the Packers' franchise single-game passing record after throwing for 480 yards and six touchdowns in a 45-41 win over Detroit in the regular-season finale.