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An intelligent payment card fraud detection system
Payment cards offer a simple and convenient method for making purchases. Owing to the increase in the usage of payment cards, especially in online purchases, fraud cases are on the rise. The rise creates financial risk and uncertainty, as in the commercial sector, it incurs billions of losses each year. However, real transaction records that can facilitate the development of effective predictive models for fraud detection are difficult to obtain, mainly because of issues related to confidentially of customer information. In this paper, we apply a total of 13 statistical and machine learning models for payment card fraud detection using both publicly available and real transaction records. The results from both original features and aggregated features are analyzed and compared. A statistical hypothesis test is conducted to evaluate whether the aggregated features identified by a genetic algorithm can offer a better discriminative power, as compared with the original features, in fraud detection. The outcomes positively ascertain the effectiveness of using aggregated features for undertaking real-world payment card fraud detection problems.
Journal Article
The Postcard's Radical Openness
The Postcard's Radical Openness offers a groundbreaking exploration of what this multifaceted, double-sided open card entails and how it has affected our being in the world. With a holistic approach, it focuses on studying the postcard's specific way of being and performing, a particular ontology that opens up what is constitutively implicated in such an apparently trivial artifact. The book, organized into four parts, meticulously unveils the postcard's political, technological, aesthetic, and ethical dimensions, ending with a coda correlating the postcard's radical openness to G. Klimt's painting, Nuda Veritas (1899) in reference to the scope of truth. By examining the postcard's complex worldwide history, its socio-cultural significance, and its global effect, the book reveals hidden stories shedding light on its impact on photography, printing, marketing, trade, and business practices and exposes the aesthetic, communicative, and ethical qualities that lie behind the enormous success of postcards at the turn of the 20th century. This comprehensive study is positioned as a thought-provoking invitation to scholars and students interested in material culture, media studies, and human interactions, as well as to history enthusiasts, art lovers, and postcard collectors. Offering a distinctive contribution, the book not only fills a void in the literature but also encourages readers to question and reflect on the transformative power inherent in the postcard's 'radical openness,' presenting a novel and unparalleled analysis of this seemingly trivial yet culturally significant object.
eBook
Decorative card crafts
Teaches readers how to create decorative cards for birthdays, Christmas, Diwali, Hanukkah, Valentine's Day, Eid-Ul-Fitr, and more. In 10 minutes or less, readers can assemble decorative cards from materials readily available at home or in school. Crafts are explained with easy to follow, step-by-step instructions. Accompanying photographs act as an important reference point during the crafting process.
Book
Microglia-derived ASC specks cross-seed amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease
The spreading of pathology within and between brain areas is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, deposition of amyloid-β is accompanied by activation of the innate immune system and involves inflammasome-dependent formation of ASC specks in microglia. ASC specks released by microglia bind rapidly to amyloid-β and increase the formation of amyloid-β oligomers and aggregates, acting as an inflammation-driven cross-seed for amyloid-β pathology. Here we show that intrahippocampal injection of ASC specks resulted in spreading of amyloid-β pathology in transgenic double-mutant
APP
Swe
PSEN1
dE9
mice. By contrast, homogenates from brains of
APP
Swe
PSEN1
dE9
mice failed to induce seeding and spreading of amyloid-β pathology in ASC-deficient
APP
Swe
PSEN1
dE9
mice. Moreover, co-application of an anti-ASC antibody blocked the increase in amyloid-β pathology in
APP
Swe
PSEN1
dE9
mice. These findings support the concept that inflammasome activation is connected to seeding and spreading of amyloid-β pathology in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Deposition and spreading of amyloid-β pathology in mice requires binding to microglia-released ASC specks.
ASC specks bind to amyloid-β
Innate immune activation in Alzheimer's disease involves the inflammasome-dependent formation of specks of adapter protein ASC (an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain) in microglial cells. Here it is shown that ASC specks released by microglia bind to amyloid-β and increase amyloid-β oligomer and aggregate formation, acting as an inflammation-driven cross-seed for amyloid-β pathology.
Journal Article
Getting a credit card
\"Readers learn how to make credit work for them instead of falling into long-term debt. This invaluable guide covers secured and unsecured credit, how to calculate interest, understanding statements, choosing the right card, fees, billing cycles, minimum payments, balance transfers, and cash advances. Readers will learn about credit scores and credit reports, whether they are a good credit risk, and how to protect their personal information.\"-- Publisher's description.
Book
Feature selection strategies: a comparative analysis of SHAP-value and importance-based methods
In the context of high-dimensional credit card fraud data, researchers and practitioners commonly utilize feature selection techniques to enhance the performance of fraud detection models. This study presents a comparison in model performance using the most important features selected by SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values and the model’s built-in feature importance list. Both methods rank features and choose the most significant ones for model assessment. To evaluate the effectiveness of these feature selection techniques, classification models are built using five classifiers: XGBoost, Decision Tree, CatBoost, Extremely Randomized Trees, and Random Forest. The Area under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC) serves as the evaluation metric. All experiments are executed on the Kaggle Credit Card Fraud Detection Dataset. The experimental outcomes and statistical tests indicate that feature selection methods based on importance values outperform those based on SHAP values across classifiers and various feature subset sizes. For models trained on larger datasets, it is recommended to use the model’s built-in feature importance list as the primary feature selection method over SHAP. This suggestion is based on the rationale that computing SHAP feature importance is a distinct activity, while models naturally provide built-in feature importance as part of the training process, requiring no additional effort. Consequently, opting for the model’s built-in feature importance list can offer a more efficient and practical approach for larger datasets and more intricate models.
Journal Article
Postcard America
From the Great Depression through the early postwar years, any postcard sent in America was more than likely a “linen\" card. Colorized in vivid, often exaggerated hues and printed on card stock embossed with a linen-like texture, linen postcards celebrated the American scene with views of majestic landscapes, modern cityscapes, roadside attractions, and other notable features. These colorful images portrayed the United States as shimmering with promise, quite unlike the black-and-white worlds of documentary photography or Life magazine. Linen postcards were enormously popular, with close to a billion printed and sold. Postcard America offers the first comprehensive study of these cards and their cultural significance. Drawing on the production files of Curt Teich & Co. of Chicago, the originator of linen postcards, Jeffrey L. Meikle reveals how photographic views were transformed into colorized postcard images, often by means of manipulation—adding and deleting details or collaging bits and pieces from several photos. He presents two extensive portfolios of postcards—landscapes and cityscapes—that comprise a representative iconography of linen postcard views. For each image, Meikle explains the postcard’s subject, describes aspects of its production, and places it in social and cultural contexts. In the concluding chapter, he shifts from historical interpretation to a contemporary viewpoint, considering nostalgia as a motive for collectors and others who are fascinated today by these striking images.
eBook