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"Cargo ships"
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Vincent comes home
A cat who lives on a cargo ship has never been on dry land, so when the ship makes one final stop and the crew members return to their families, he wonders where his own home is.
Book
Sail, Steam, and Diesel
Water transportation has played a key role in the Great Lakes region’s settlement and economic growth, from providing entry into the new lake states to offering cheap transportation for the goods they produced. There are numerous tales surrounding the Great Lakes shipping trade, but few storytellers have addressed the factors that influenced the use, design, and evolution of the ships that sailed the inland seas. Sail, Steam, and Diesel: Moving Cargo on the Great Lakes provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Great Lakes ships over the centuries, from small birch-bark canoes originally used in the region to the massive thousand-footers of today. The author also looks at the economics of vessel operation in the context of the expanding scope of the shipping industry, which was crucial in catapulting America into becoming an industrial juggernaut. The captains of industry and the sailors whose labor propelled the trade populate this account, which also offers solemn acknowledgment of the high cost paid in both lost ships and lives. Although they might not realize it, millions of Americans have owed their livelihoods to the Great Lakes boats, and this volume is an excellent way to recognize the importance of this regional industry.
eBook
Dry-bulk and break-bulk vessel anchorage waiting time in the Port of Durban’s bulk terminal
BackgroundThe Port of Durban plays a pivotal role in South Africa’s maritime trade. This article addresses a critical challenge faced by the Durban dry-bulk and break-bulk terminal, which is the excessive waiting time experienced by vessels at anchorage. Lengthy anchorage waiting time results in economic losses for shipping companies and affects the overall efficiency of the port.ObjectivesThe study aimed to identify the factors that affect the anchorage of dry-bulk and break-bulk vessels while waiting for the berth (WFB) in order to recommend actions that should be taken to reduce vessel anchorage waiting time while WFB at the Port of Durban’s bulk terminal.MethodQualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, which lends itself particularly well to thematic analysis.ResultsThe research findings reveal that multiple factors contribute to the extended waiting times experienced by dry-bulk and break-bulk vessels at the Port of Durban. These factors include inefficient cargo handling processes, inadequate infrastructure, congestion, adverse weather conditions, and port capacity constraints. In addition, vessels arriving at the same time while the berth is still occupied further intensify delays, resulting in vessels WFB at anchorage.ConclusionThe study identified and prioritised these factors, which enabled the development of targeted solutions to mitigate the waiting time issue. The proposed solutions encompass both short-term and long-term measures.ContributionThis research emphasises the importance of supply chain collaboration among key port stakeholders.
Journal Article
Into the raging sea : thirty-three mariners, one megastorm, and the sinking of El Faro
\"In the tradition of The Perfect Storm and Into Thin Air, Rachel Slade's Into the Raging Sea is a nail-biting account of the sinking of the American container ship El Faro, the crew of 33 who perished onboard, and the destructive forces of globalization that put the ship in harm's way\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
An Anchorage Decision Method for the Autonomous Cargo Ship Based on Multi-Level Guidance
The advancement of autonomous cargo ships requires dependable anchoring operations, which present significant challenges stemming from reduced maneuverability at low speeds and vulnerability to anchorage disturbances. This study systematically investigates these operational constraints by developing anchoring decision-making methodologies. Safety anchorage areas were quantitatively defined through integration of ship specifications and environmental parameters. An available anchor position identification method based on grid theory, integrated with an anchorage allocation mechanism to determine optimal anchorage selection, was employed. A multi-level guided anchoring trajectory planning algorithm was developed through practical anchoring. This algorithm was designed to facilitate the scientific calculation of turning and stopping guidance points, with the objective of guiding a cargo ship to navigate towards the designated anchorage while maintaining specified orientation. An integrated autonomous anchoring system was established, encompassing perception, decision-making, planning, and control modules. System validation through digital simulations demonstrated robust performance under complex sea conditions. This study establishes theoretical foundations and technical frameworks for enhancing autonomous decision-making and safety control capabilities of intelligent ships during anchoring operations.
Journal Article
Numerical Simulation Flow Around The 4600DWT Cargo Ship in Calm Water Condition Using RANSE Method
Information about the flow field around the ship may enable the designers to improve ship hull form concerning ship hydrodynamics. The flow around the ship can be obtained through model tests in towing tank and simulations. However, the experimental method provides the most reliable data about flow around the ship, but this method is too expensive and time-consuming. Currently, the RANSE (Reynolds – averaged Navier – Stokes equation) method has been widely employed in predicting the ship resistance and flow around the ship in the ship design process due to it provides relatively accurate results, savings in time and money compared to the experimental method. Therefore, this paper deals with the numerical results of the study flow around the 4600DWT cargo ship, which operate on Vietnam’s river-sea routes in calm water condition at different ship speeds using the RANSE method. The effect of ship speed on ship resistance components, wave pattern, wave profile along the ship, distribution of dynamic pressure, and wall shear stress on the ship’s hull surface and nominal wake field are presented and analysed in the paper.
Journal Article
Machine Learning Based Moored Ship Movement Prediction
Several port authorities are involved in the R+D+i projects for developing port management decision-making tools. We recorded the movements of 46 ships in the Outer Port of Punta Langosteira (A Coruña, Spain) from 2015 until 2020. Using this data, we created neural networks and gradient boosting models that predict the six degrees of freedom of a moored vessel from ocean-meteorological data and ship characteristics. The best models achieve, for the surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch and yaw movements, a 0.99, 0.99, 0.95, 0.99, 0.98 and 0.98 R2 in training and have a 0.10 m, 0.11 m, 0.09 m, 0.9°, 0.11° and 0.15° RMSE in testing, all below 10% of the corresponding movement range. Using these models with forecast data for the weather conditions and sea state and the ship characteristics and berthing location, we can predict the ship movements several days in advance. These results are good enough to reliably compare the models’ predictions with the limiting motion criteria for safe working conditions of ship (un) loading operations, helping us decide the best location for operation and when to stop operations more precisely, thus minimizing the economic impact of cargo ships unable to operate.
Journal Article
Linear Longitudinal Strength Analysis of a Multipurpose Cargo Ship under Combined Bending and Torsional Load
Cargo ships with wide hatches usually have thin walls and limited torsional rigidity. Consequently, conducting a comprehensive torsional analysis is important because these loads can exert a significant impact. In this paper, the structural response of a multipurpose cargo ship to combined bending and torsional loads is studied using finite element analysis. The bending and torsional moments are calculated following the rules and standard regulations followed by the classification society. The ship’s 3D finite element model was verified using beam theory and direct calculations. In contrast, the accuracy of torsional stress was confirmed by comparing thin wall girder theory with direct calculation results. This study thoroughly examined the impacts of the still water bending moment, the vertical wave bending moment, and the wave-induced torsional moment on the structural response of ships. Furthermore, it scrutinised the impact of torsion on both open-deck and closed-deck ships. Hull girder normal stresses at midship due to still water and the vertical wave bending moment are shown to contribute to almost 70% of total stress in an inclined condition; stresses resulting from the horizontal wave bending moment contribute nearly 10%, while warping stresses contribute approximately 20% in open-deck ships. It is also shown that torsion has little impact on closed-deck ships. Finally, a buckling analysis was conducted to assess the ship’s buckling criteria, confirming that the linear buckling criteria were satisfied.
Journal Article
Chance-Constrained Optimization Formulation for Ship Conceptual Design: A Comparison of Metaheuristic Algorithms
This paper presents a new chance-constrained optimization (CCO) formulation for the bulk carrier conceptual design. The CCO problem is modeled through the scenario design approach. We conducted extensive numerical experiments comparing the convergence of both canonical and state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms on the original and CCO formulations and showed that the CCO formulation is substantially more difficult to solve. The two best-performing methods were both found to be differential evolution-based algorithms. We then provide an analysis of the resulting solutions in terms of the dependence of the distribution functions of the unit transportation costs and annual cargo capacity of the ship design on the probability of violating the chance constraints.
Journal Article