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Records of 43 vascular plant taxa are reported including Aloë vera, Baptisia australis and Ginkgo biloba as new for the flora of Austria (not mentioned in Walter & al. 2002, Fischer & al. 2008 or Glaser & al., in prep.).New for the flora of Burgenland are Bromus sitchensis, Campanula portenschlagiana, Cotoneaster dielsianus, Cyanus montanus, Helleborus orientalis, Koelreuteria paniculata, Limonium gmelini, Muscari armeniacum, Nigella damascena, Perovskia atriplicifolia, Potamogeton lucens, Prunus laurocerasus, Rudbeckia fulgida, Salix babylonica var. pekinensis cv. ‘Tortuosa’, Thuja occidentalis, Ulmus x hollandica and Verbena bonariensis. Corylus colurna and Lavandula angustifolia are confirmed for Burgenland.New for Carinthia is Bromus sitchensis.New for Lower Austria are Bromus sitchensis and Mentha x villosa.New for Upper Austria are Actinidia arguta, Baptisia australis, Campsis radicans, Celtis occidentalis, Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii, Liriodendron tulipifera, Oenothera lindheimeri and Muehlenbeckia complexa.New for Styria are Bromus sitchensis, Cochlearia danica, Diplotaxis erucoides, Mirabilis jalapa, Primula x pruhonicensis and Salvia hispanica.New for Vienna is Sedum pallidum.New for Vorarlberg are Allium tuberosum, Bidens ferulifolia, Eschscholzia californica, Festuca cinerea, Nassella tenuissima, Oenothera lindheimeri and Sedum sarmentosum.Additionally, rediscovery of Utricularia australis in Burgenland is recorded.Funde von 43 bemerkenswerten Gefäßpflanzen werden für die Bundesländer Burgenland, Kärnten, Niederösterreich, Oberösterreich, Steiermark, Wien und Vorarlberg mitgeteilt und diskutiert.Darunter befinden sich folgende neue (nicht in Walter & al. 2002, Fischer & al. 2008 und Glaser & al. in Vorb., angeführte) Taxa für die Flora Österreichs: Aloë vera, Baptisia australis und Ginkgo biloba.Neu für das Bundesland Burgenland sind die Nachweise von Bromus sitchensis, Campanula portenschlagiana, Cotoneaster dielsianus, Cyanus montanus, Helleborus orientalis, Koelreuteria paniculata, Limonium gmelini, Muscari armeniacum, Nigella damascena, Perovskia atriplicifolia, Potamogeton lucens, Prunus laurocerasus, Rudbeckia fulgida, Salix babylonica var. pekinensis cv. ‘Tortuosa’, Thuja occidentalis, Ulmus x hollandica und Verbena bonariensis; Corylus colurna und Lavandula angustifolia konnten für das Burgenland bestätigt werden (cf. Glaser & al., in Vorb.); neu für das Bundesland Kärnten ist Bromus sitchensis (cf. Glaser & al., in Vorb.); neu für das Bundesland Niederösterreich ist Bromus sitchensis und Mentha x villosa (cf. Glaser & al., in Vorb.); neu für das Bundesland Oberösterreich sind die Nachweise von Actinidia arguta, Baptisia australis, Campsis radicata, Celtis occidentalis, Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii, Liriodendron tulipifera, Oenothera lindheimeri und Muehlenbeckia complexa (cf. Hohla & al. 2009, Kleesadl & Brandstätter 2013, Glaser & al., in Vorb.); neu für das Bundesland Steiermark sind die Nachweise von Bromus sitchensis, Cochlearia danica, Diplotaxis erucoides, Mirabilis jalapa, Primula x pruhonicensis und Salvia hispanica (cf. Glaser & al., in Vorb.); neu für Wien ist der Nachweis von Sedum pallidum (cf. Adler & Mrkvicka 2003, Glaser & al., in Vorb.); neu für das Bundesland Vorarlberg sind die Nachweise von Allium tuberosum, Bidens ferulifolia, Eschscholzia californica, Festuca cinerea, Nassella tenuissima, Oenothera lindheimeri und Sedum sarmentosum (Glaser & al., in Vorb.). Weiters wird der Wiederfund von Utricularia australis für das Bundesland Burgenland mitgeteilt.

\"Robert Knight's book examines how the 60,000 strong Slovene community in the Austrian borderland province of Carinthia continued to suffer in the wake of Nazism's fall. It explores how and why Nazi values continued to be influential in a post-Nazi era in postwar Central Europe and provides valuable insights into the Cold War as a point of interaction of local, national and international politics. Though Austria was re-established in 1945 as Hitler's 'first victim', many Austrians continued to share principles which had underpinned the Third Reich. Long treated as both inferior and threatening prior to the rise of Hitler and then persecuted during his time in power, the Slovenes of Carinthia were prevented from equality of schooling by local Nazis in the years that followed World War Two, behavior that was tolerated in Vienna and largely ignored by the rest of the world. Slavs in Post-Nazi Austria uses this vital case study to discuss wider issues relating to the stubborn legacy of Nazism in postwar Europe and to instill a deeper understanding of the interplay between collective and individual (liberal) rights in Central Europe. This is a fascinating study for anyone interested in knowing more about the disturbing imprint that Nazism left in some parts of Europe in the postwar years\"-- Provided by publisher.

Described as “the age of extremes” by historian Eric Hobsbawm, the 20 century was defined by heavily-contested borders and identities in Central Europe: politically, culturally, socially, and intellectually. With the end of World War I, communities found themselves in new nation- states, and the politics of assimilation and relations between minorities and their kinstates created tensions that continue to reverberate today. Using the Slovene minority in Austria as a case study, the article provides insight into two international projects that involve civil society actors in the field of memory politics and young people and their attitudes towards history and minorities. In drawing lessons from these initiatives dealing with troubled pasts to counteract current forms of exclusive identity politics, the article proposes that effective minority protection depends on a conductive social environment that allows for the reflection of opposing narratives stemming from ethnic conflict and acknowledges diversity as enrichment.

Health care accessibility studies are well established in the US but lacking in Austria, even though both experience high costs and have hospital care as the largest contributor to health care spending. This study aims to examine multiscale spatial accessibility to acute hospitals in Carinthia, Austria. Using the most recent data at census block and 250 meter grid levels, we refine proximity and generalized two-step floating catchment area (G2SFCA) methods while accounting for the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) and edge effects. For census blocks and 250 meter grids, the mean travel times to the nearest acute hospitals are 16 and 21 min, respectively, covering 58.8% and 76.2% of the population, which, however, increases to 25 and 31 min to the three nearest hospitals with similar populations. People bypassing the nearest hospital to seek hospitals at a longer distance, termed “bypass behavior”, is more influential, as 20% more of the population living in mountainous or rural areas need to travel 30 min longer. The G2SFCA method with a more pronounced distance decay results in a more decentralized polycentric structure of accessibility and identifies poorer access areas. While urban advantage is most evident in Klagenfurt and Villach, not all areas near hospitals enjoy the highest accessibility. A combination of the proximity and G2SFCA methods identifies less accessible areas. The MAUP overestimates accessibility at a coarse level and in less populous areas. Edge effects occur at the border when using proximity only, but they are more sensitive when considering bypass behavior or a weak distance decay effect. This study contributes to our understanding of acute hospitals’ accessibility in Carinthia and highlights the need to improve low-accessible areas in addition to universal health coverage. Cautions need to be exercised when using different geographic units or considering edge effects for health care planning and management.

The Devonian of the Carnic Alps (Austria) is developed in different facies. The shallow marine facies is up to 1200 m thick. The Feldkogel Limestone of the Polinik Formation, >330 m thick, was dated as Eifelian–Late Devonian. The Feldkogel Limestone at Mount Polinik is developed in a peritidal facies composed of subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal deposits. Subtidal sediments are represented by dark gray Amphipora limestone and intertidal deposits by laminated and partly bioturbated grainstone and packstone, ostracode wackestone to packstone, and locally intercalated intraclast breccias documenting tidal channel fills. Laminated microbial mats (stromatolites) formed in a supratidal depositional environment. Grainstone and packstone contain abundant unilocular parathuramminid foraminifers. This latter group encompasses a diversified assemblage of ivanovellids, parathuramminids, uralinellids, and irregularinoids; some earlandiids are also present. They are dated herein as late Eifelian–early Givetian. These foraminifers provide a more precise systematics of these taxa, which often have not been studied for more than half a century. The taxonomic problems of their assignment to foraminifers, pseudo-foraminifers, calcitarcha, thaumatoporellaceans, volvocaleans, or other algae are also discussed. Several taxa are emendated: Parathuramminida, Parathuramminoidea, Irregularinoidea, Eovolutinidae, Ivanovellidae, Parathuramminidae, Uralinellidae, Ivanovella, Elenella, Neoarchaesphaera, Parathurammina, Bykovaella, Uralinella, and Paracaligella. The new taxa are: Ivanovella reitlingerae n. sp., Elenella polinikensis n. sp., Uralinella sabirovi n. sp., and Radiosphaerella poyarkovi n. sp.

In 1920, the Carinthian plebiscite was organized to decide whether an ethnically and/or linguistically heterogeneous part of South-East Carinthia was to be part of the newly established German-Austrian rump state or of the newly established Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs (SHS). Although ethnic or linguistic “Slovenes” constituted a majority of almost 70 percent within the referendum zone, more than 59 percent of the voters opted to integrate into Austria. The allegedly victorious German side quickly turned the choice for Austria into a nationalist narrative fueled by claims of cultural superiority, fostered by the invention of an integrated, publicly funded memorial culture, and vigorously defended against any objections or revisionism from “the outside.” In this paper, however, we utilize an ecological inference model to show that nationalist authors on both sides severely overrated the causal impact and empirical significance of the alleged ethnic cleavage, underestimated the share of “Slovenian” voters, and overestimated the share of “German” voters that selected to join the Austrian state. Instead of the reported 10,000, more than 13,000 Slovenes, roughly 60 percent, had voted for Austria, while only 9,000 German-speaking voters, roughly 75 percent, supported Austria.

The basis of the scientific investigation are 83 military letters and postcards, a diary, and Franz Buchwald’s memories of World War II. The classification of military letters and other sources constitutes the scientific significance of these documents. The survey questions the culturally and socially political acts as well as intertextual and trans-textual procedures. Understanding of literature as the subject of a culturally scientific survey is a priority, as well as its influence on the emergence of military letters. The clarification of the cultural memory of Franz Buchwald, a soldier of the Wehrmacht [high forces], serves as an indicator for the preservation of moral principles and values during the war, but also as one for the discords that arose in this context. A key issue is the importance of the educational conditions of growing up during the war. Relevant topics are education, the church, and the literary canon. Examples from the military letters sketch the establishment of the national language in terms of theology, and address the issue of nationality and identity.

The Miocene Lavanttal Basin formed in the Eastern Alps during extrusion of crustal blocks towards the east. In contrast to basins, which formed contemporaneously along the strike-slip faults of the Noric Depression and on top of the moving blocks (Styrian Basin), little is known about the Lavanttal Basin. In this paper geophysical, sedimentological, and structural data are used to study structure and evolution of the Lavanttal Basin. The eastern margin of the 2-km-deep basin is formed by the WNW trending Koralm Fault. The geometry of the gently dipping western basin flank shows that the present-day basin is only a remnant of a former significantly larger basin. Late Early (Karpatian) and early Middle Miocene (Badenian) pull-apart phases initiated basin formation and deposition of thick fluvial (Granitztal Beds), lacustrine, and marine (Mühldorf Fm.) sediments. The Mühldorf Fm. represents the Lower Badenian cycle TB2.4. Another flooding event caused brackish environments in late Middle Miocene (Early Sarmatian) time, whereas freshwater environments existed in Late Sarmatian time. The coal-bearing Sarmatian succession is subdivided into four fourth-order sequences. The number of sequences suggests that the effect of tectonic subsidence was overruled by sea-level fluctuations during Sarmatian time. Increased relief energy caused by Early Pannonian pull-apart activity initiated deposition of thick fluvial sediments. The present-day shape of the basin is a result of young (Plio-/Pleistocene) basin inversion. In contrast to the multi-stage Lavanttal Basin, basins along the Noric Depression show a single-stage history. Similarities between the Lavanttal and Styrian basins exist in Early Badenian and Early Sarmatian times.

This article examines the legacy of the Habsburg Monarchy in the First Austrian Republic, both in the capital, Vienna, and in the province of Carinthia. It concludes that Social Democracy, often cited as one of the six ingredients that held the old Empire together, took on distinct forms in the Republic’s different federal states. The scholarly literature on the post-1918 “heritage” of the Monarchy therefore needs to move beyond monolithic generalizations and toward regionally focused comparative studies.