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"Carpathian Mountains"
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The Usage of Ochre at the Verge of Neolithisation from the Near East to the Carpathian Basin
The Usage of Ochre at the Verge of Neolithisation from
the Near East to the Carpathian Basin explores the cultural
meaning of ochre among the societies of the Late
Epipalaeolithic/Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic from the Levant
to the Carpathian Basin. Firstly, the book attempts an accurate
characterization of the material, ochre. Both its features as well
as its possible outcrops and co-occurring minerals are outlined.
The cultural background is described, in particular underlining the
continuation of chosen elements and the visible dichotomy between
sacral and profane areas of ochre application. On that basis it
proved possible to discuss the meanings of ochre, underscored by
that division. The discussion also focuses on the possibility of
matching archaeological and natural samples. This in turn would
allow the creation of a map of interconnections between societies
and/or outcrops. To that end the project employed geochemical
methods, such as SEM, EDS and a trial study with Raman
spectroscopy. The main results demonstrate the possibility of ochre
characterization based on laboratory results and the visible
interconnections between Epipalaeolithic/Mesolithic and Neolithic
societies.
eBook
The winter soldier
\"Vienna, 1914. Lucius is a twenty-two-year-old medical student when World War I explodes across Europe. Enraptured by romantic tales of battlefield surgery, he enlists, expecting a position at a well-organized field hospital. But when he arrives--at a commandeered church tucked away high in a remote valley of the Carpathian Mountains--he discovers a freezing outpost ravaged by typhus. The other doctors have fled, and only a single mysterious nurse named Sister Margarete remains. But Lucius has never lifted a surgeon's scalpel. And as the war rages across the winter landscape, he finds himself falling in love with the woman from whom he must learn a brutal makeshift medicine. Then one day, an unconscious soldier is brought in from the snow, his uniform stuffed with strange drawings. He seems beyond rescue, until Lucius makes a fateful decision that will change the lives of doctor, patient, and nurse forever\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Nomads and Natives beyond the Danube and the Black Sea
This book re-examines the history of the Carpathian-Danubian region during the eighth and the ninth centuries, to provide a synthetic historical overview of the region to the north of the Lower Danube in this period. Based on a critical and comparative analysis of archaeological, narrative and numismatic sources, the study presents a reconstruction of the socio-economic, ethnic, cultural, and political history of the area at a period during which nomadic peoples from the east including the Bulgars, Avars, and Khazars migrated here. The work is based on a comprehensive analysis of narrative and archaeological sources including sites, artefacts, and goods in the basin bordered by the Tisza river in the west, the Danube in the south, and the Dniestr river in the east, covering swathes of modern-day Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia, and Hungary.
eBook
Fossils of the Carpathian Region
István Fozy and István Szente provide a comprehensive review of the fossil record of the Carpathian Basin. Fossils of the Carpathian Region describes and illustrates the region's fossils, recounts their history, and tells the stories of key people involved in paleontological research in the area. In addition to covering all the important fossils of this region, special attention is given to rare finds and complete skeletons. The region's fossils range from tiny foraminifera to the Transylvanian dinosaurs and mammals of the Carpathian Basin. The book also gives nonspecialists the opportunity to gain a basic understanding of paleontology. Sidebars present brief biographies of important figures and explain how to collect, prepare, and interpret fossils.
eBook
Prediction of Air Temperature in the Polish Western Carpathian Mountains with the ALADIN-HIRLAM Numerical Weather Prediction System
Prediction of spatial and temporal variability of air temperature in areas with complex topography is still a challenge for numerical weather prediction models. Simulation of atmosphere over complex terrain requires dense and accurate horizontal and vertical grids. In this study, verification results of three configurations of the Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International High-Resolution Limited Area Model (ALADIN-HIRLAM) numerical weather prediction (NWP) system, using two different horizontal and vertical resolutions and applied to the Polish Western Carpathian Mountains, are presented. One model of the ALADIN-HIRLAM NWP system is tested in two horizontal and vertical resolutions. Predicted air temperatures are compared with observations from stations located in different orographies. A comparison of model results with observations was conducted for three cold season intervals in 2017 and 2018. Statistical validation of model output demonstrates better model representativeness for stations located on hill and mountain tops compared to locations in valley bottoms. A comparison of results for two topography representations (2 × 2 km and 1 × 1 km) showed no statistically significant differences of root mean square error (RMSE) and bias between model results and observations.
Journal Article
Last Judgment Iconography in the Carpathians
A richly illustrated and detailed account of history through a style of art,Last Judgment Iconography in the Carpathianswill find a receptive audience with art historians, religious scholars, and slavists.
eBook
Blood on the snow : the Carpathian winter war of 1915
The first book-length account of one of the least known but most brutal campaigns of World War I, which pitted an ill-prepared and already decimated Austro-Hungarian army--Germany's most important ally--against the entrenched and well-defended army of Czarist Russia during a remarkably fierce winter in the Carpathian Mountains.
eBook
Sex-specific connectivity modelling for brown bear conservation in the Carpathian Mountains
ContextRomania is currently one of the best-connected landscapes, with high-quality habitats and a high density of brown bears. However, regional development measures are needed for the nation’s economic growth, and without responsible government actions, these measures pose a threat to brown bear connectivity, a vital pillar of the entire Carpathian region. Despite having important implications for the species conservation, bears sex-specific behaviour has been overlooked in connectivity assessments.ObjectivesThe study’s main goals were to (i) develop sex-specific distribution and connectivity models, (ii) assess the movement patterns differences between females and males, and (iii) identify high-quality areas to be secured for species connectivity conservation.MethodsWe designed a methodological framework based on interdisciplinary approaches and modelling tools for landscape connectivity combined with novel spatial analysis. Telemetry data of sixteen bears (females and males) were utilized to predict habitat selection (MaxEnt), and circuit-theoretic approaches (Circuitscape) were applied to identify the potential movement corridors of both sexes and high-priority areas.ResultsThe obtained results provided new evidence on the uneven movement patterns and pathways used by males and females in the study region. Males’ movement preferences were related to river shores and dense forest coverage areas, avoiding urban areas, while females were predicted to move across forested and open areas and were more tolerant to human‐modified areas. Three high-quality areas were delineated for both sexes, and connectivity conservation efforts are needed due to the vicinity of anthropic pressures.ConclusionsThis study depicts the usefulness of combining interdisciplinary approaches and provides planners, managers, and decision-makers with practical solutions to address sustainable design and management within the intervened landscapes. Using separate female and male spatial models for leading management and conservation measures, setting connectivity targets within environmental and impact assessments while adopting conservation easements could secure a safety network for biodiversity conservation in the Carpathians.
Journal Article
Climatic determinants of the Carpathian treeline and its projected upward shifts in response to climate change
Treelines represent a significant ecological boundary in mountainous regions. Changes in temperature and precipitation regimes due to climate change affect the location of treelines, contingent on fine-scale variations in orographic and climatic conditions. Using high-resolution satellite imagery, we identify the climatic treeline — the potential upper limit of forests determined by climatic conditions — in the Carpathian Mountains, one of Europe’s largest contiguous forest ecosystems. We downscale climate variables to a 30-m resolution by applying a polynomial approximation to the regression residuals, incorporating terrain attributes. We then correlate climatic variables with the location of the climatic treeline. The mean temperature of the warmest quarter demonstrates the strongest correlation with treeline location. We find a total area of 1,370 km 2 above the current climatic treeline in the Carpathians, which constitutes the climatic envelope for alpine ecosystems. Depending on future climate projections, this area will decrease to 410–515 km 2 by 2040, 100–320 km 2 by 2060, and 15–290 km 2 by 2080. The anticipated upward shift of the treeline jeopardizes the region's rare and endemic alpine species and has substantial ramifications for ecosystems, water balance, and the carbon cycle in the Carpathian Mountains. Our analysis highlights the importance of understanding how climate affects treeline locations for effective ecosystem management and conservation planning in a changing climate.
Journal Article