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This paper assesses the most well thought out contemporary conception of republican liberty put forward by Philip Pettit and Quentin Skinner. I demonstrate that it is incoherent: at least insofar as it seeks to pick out a form of unfreedom not captured by the negative conception of liberty. This incoherence arises because Pettit and Skinner cannot both hold that republican unfreedom is defined by one agent’s mere capacity to interfere arbitrarily with another agent and, at the same time, claim that republican freedom can be promoted by deterrence mechanisms. My contribution to contemporary republican theory is to suggest that a coherent republican conception can be achieved, however, through an important revision. This is to replace Pettit and Skinner’s antonym of republican liberty—the power to interfere arbitrarily—with a higher order power—the power to determine arbitrarily rules with respect to interference. This revised conception does pick out a genuinely distinct extension of unfreedom from the negative liberty conception. I believe it also reflects an important intuitive sense in which we may understand ourselves to be unfree, that is, to live under the rule of another.

In recent decades there has been a growing interest in the issue of overall freedom-measurement. Consequently, two competing approaches to this issue have emerged: an evaluative approach and an empirical (non-evaluative) approach. Advocates of both approaches agree that one of the most important challenges that they have to meet consists in accommodating the judgement that, all other things being equal, the more diverse a set of freedom is, the more overall freedom it offers us. The diversity of one's freedoms seems to depend, however, on the degree to which they are significantly different from one another, and the notion of significant difference is a value-based notion. Hence, it seems that, unlike the evaluative approach, the empirical approach cannot meet this challenge. This claim has been contested, though, by Ian Carter. In his seminal book A measure of freedom he argues that his empirical theory of overall freedom-measurement manages to accommodate the aforementioned judgement about freedom and diversity as effectively as any evaluative theory, and shows, moreover, why the evaluative way of dealing with this issue in general is misguided. In this article I argue that, as a matter of fact, it is Carter's non-evaluative theory of freedom and diversity that is misguided, as it cannot properly accommodate the aforementioned judgement about freedom and diversity. If my argument is sound, then it would not only undermine Carter's theory of freedom and diversity. It would also cast a very serious doubt on the empirical approach to overall freedom-measurement in general.

Anglicare WA's annual rental affordability snapshot surveyed 9,803 listed rental properties across the State on April 10. \"If you're paying 40 or even 50 per cent of your income - your disposable income - on a rental then you have very little left over food and issues around choice and add-ons simply aren't available to families and singles,\" Mr [Ian Carter] said. WA's Department of Housing's affordable housing strategy aims to build 20,000 extra affordable rental properties and homes for sale to help low-to-moderate income earners by 2020.

Anglicare's Rental Affordability Snapshot 2013, released on Monday, shows only five per cent of Perth's rental market is affordable for people on the minimum wage. \"This program would see 15,000 rentals refurbished nationally for just $350 million,\" the party's housing spokesman Senator Scott Ludlam said. \"This is a modest investment that would make a difference to the shortfall of 500,000 affordable and available rental properties in Australia right now.\"

Minimum wage earners are struggling to find affordable rental housing in Perth, with the average weekly rent now $520 per week.

Anglicare's Rental Affordability Snapshot 2013, released on Monday, shows only five per cent of Perth's rental market is affordable for people on the minimum wage. \"This program would see 15,000 rentals refurbished nationally for just $350 million,\" the party's housing spokesman Senator Scott Ludlam said. \"This is a modest investment that would make a difference to the shortfall of 500,000 affordable and available rental properties in Australia right now.\"

\"We've got community safety rangers here who speak with the people who're begging and get them in contact with the services that they need, \" he said. \"It's a real concern to us that those core services, like St Patrick's here in Fremantle, that offer meals, showers and accommodation to many of the most disadvantaged people in Fremantle, that their services are under strain,\" he said. \"We're seeing unprecedented demand for our services, more than we've ever seen before,\" he said.

\"We recently studied the anticipated economic impact of Waratah Coal's huge China First project in Queensland and found that it would likely cost 3,000 jobs in agriculture, manufacturing and tourism,\" Mr [Mark Ogge] said. \"Forget the old hayseed stuff, farming's quite technical these days,\" Mr [Ian Carter] said. \"They all say when they leave [that] they love working here and they really learnt a lot, and I say \"Gee whiz, I know you learned a lot - we spent a lot of time teaching you a lot and now you are using those skills to go and get a job somewhere else,\" Ian Carter said.

Anglicare's acting chairman Ian Carter says discussions during the campaign should also focus on struggling Australians. \"Let's try and get the focus off asylum seekers, while there's a clear humanitarian issue that needs to be there, let's not spend the entire election campaign going backwards and forwards on issues around asylum seekers,\" he said.

\"We have a public housing waitlist now of over 24,000 family units which represents about 54,000 people so we seriously need to make ongoing investments in this area,\" he said. \"When you look two, three and four years down the track we are back to where we were in terms of the kind of capital investment levels but really didn't keep up with population growth and didn't keep up with the demands for social housing.\"