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"Cartography Korea History."
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Korea
The first general history of Korea as seen through maps, Korea: A Cartographic History provides a beautifully illustrated introduction to how Korea was and is represented cartographically. John Rennie Short, one of today's most prolific and well-respected geographers, encapsulates six hundred years of maps made by Koreans and non-Koreans alike.
Largely chronological in its organization, Korea begins by examining the differing cartographic traditions prevalent in the early Joseon period in Korea—roughly 1400 to 1600—and its temporal equivalent in early modern Europe. As one of the longest continuous dynasties, Joseon rule encompassed an enormous range and depth of cartographic production. Short then surveys the cartographic encounters from 1600 to 1900, distinguishing between the early and late Joseon periods and highlighting the influences of China, Japan, and the rest of the world on Korean cartography. In his final section, Short covers the period from Japanese colonial control of Korea to the present day and demonstrates how some of the tumultuous events of the past hundred years are recorded and contested in maps. He also explores recent cartographic controversies, including the naming of the East Sea/Sea of Japan and claims of ownership of the island of Dokdo.
A common theme running throughout Short's study is how the global flow of knowledge and ideas affects mapmaking, and Short reveals how Korean mapmakers throughout history have embodied, reflected, and even contested these foreign depictions of their homeland.
eBook
Mapping hazardous mining-induced sinkhole subsidence using unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) photogrammetry
Accurate subsidence inventory data, based on an understanding of local topography, are a crucial first step toward reliable subsidence prediction and mapping future subsidence hazards. However, conventional, human-based methods of surveying and mapping subsidence suffer from data omissions and errors due to problems regarding accessibility, safety, and manual digitization. This study employed unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry to compile an accurate subsidence inventory map of abandoned mine areas. A Phantom 2 Vision+ drone was used, which is inexpensive yet appropriate for detailed topographic surveying of small-sized mine sites with a history of subsidence. An autonomous flight plan was designed, taking into account the extent of target mapping areas. A series of 29 aerial photographs were obtained within 2 min; digitally georeferenced orthoimage and digital terrain model (DTM) with 5 cm resolution could be obtained by processing with coordinate information of pre-installed ground control points (GCPs) within 30 min. sinkhole-type subsidence, including locational information, was identified from the geocoded high-resolution orthoimage and the DTM, and its area and volume were calculated to be 427 m
2
and 2323 m
3
(length 25 m, width 23 m, depth 9.1 m), respectively, from its modeled shape. Contour lines (10 cm interval), slope, and curvature were produced using the DTM. Validation using the GCP locations showed an error of approximately 14 cm in the generated DTM, which was considered acceptable for subsidence mapping purposes. The proposed approach enables accurate, rapid, low-cost, and safe surveying and mapping, which complements conventional surveying methods at sites of mining subsidence.
Journal Article
Chosŏn Korea in the Ryūkoku Kangnido: Dating the Oldest Extant Korean Map of the World (15th Century)
The date of the earliest extant Korean world map, entitled Honil kangni yŏktae kukto chi to (Map of Integrated Lands and Regions of Historical Countries and Capitals) and now in the Ōmiya Library, Ryūkoku University Academic Information Center, Kyoto, Japan, is unknown. The Ryūkoku Kangnido (as the map is commonly referred to), along with three other Korean world maps believed to have been made in Chosŏn Korea in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, is thought to have been derived from a now-lost world map made in Chosŏn Korea in 1402. Opinions on possible dates for the Ryūkoku Kangnido have varied widely. In this paper, a revised date of between early 1479 and late 1485 is proposed on the basis of a study of the Korean place-names in the map and changes in the Korean civil and military administration they reflect. It is also suggested that, despite showing most of the rest of the world, the Korean officials who produced the Ryūkoku Kangnido were less interested in portraying current images of neighbouring Asian countries than in presenting an up-to-date image of Chosŏn Korea.
Dr Kenneth R. Robinson is Associate Professor of History, Division of Social Sciences, International Christian University.
Journal Article
Europe Looks East
This chapter examines the cartographic emergence of Korea in early European maps. This production of global knowledge was not so much a cartographic imposition as a cartographic encounter between Europe and East Asia. An improved understanding of Korea for Europeans and the discovery of Europe for Koreans became part of a new global perspective. The chapter also looks at how Korean mapmakers embodied, reflected, and even contested Western depictions.
Book Chapter
Introduction
This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to explore one aspect of material culture that expresses national identity—the map—and considers how Korea was represented in and through maps over the six hundred years from the end of the fourteenth century to the present day. The central proposition of this book is that the cartographic representation of Korea is part of the general story of production of global space, and in this particular case the result of a series of wider cartographic encounters between Asia and Europe in which the foreign and the indigenous mapmaking traditions are continually interacting to produce new hybrid forms. The chapter then describes two world maps produced at approximately the same time in different parts of the world, at the dawn of the early modern period. The first is one of the oldest Korean maps in existence, commonly referred to as Gangnido. The second is a European map made at about the same time—the Ulm map—which shows the world as known to the ancient Greeks and to Europeans on the eve of the great exploration of the New World, comprising Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Book Chapter
Cartroversies
This chapter discusses three recent “cartroversies”—debates and tensions in cartographic representation. The first refers to a cartographic silence and confusion regarding Korea's division into North and South. Many contemporary Korean maps do not show the border. Korea is presented as one country with no international border and only one capital, Seoul. It is as if the division into North and South had never occurred or the reunification of the peninsula were a contemporary fact. The second cartroversy involves the designation of the body of water to the east of Korea. In different maps the sea has been referred to as either the East Sea or Sea of Japan. The third cartroversy is the representation of Dokdo on maps. The island is administered by South Korea but claimed by Japan.
Book Chapter