Explore the vast range of titles available.

Casein-derived peptides have been shown to reduce blood pressure in animal studies, but evidence from human trials remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effect and possible mechanisms of a hydrolyzed casein peptide tablet containing GPFPIIV and FFVAPFPEVFGK (HCP-C7C12) in prehypertensive/hypertensive patients. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 131 participants were recruited and randomly allocated to either the test product group (HCP) taking tablets containing HCP-C7C12 or the placebo group for an eight-week intervention. 114 participants finally completed the study. After the intervention, both the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the HCP group were significantly reduced ( P  < 0.01) by 9.41% and 9.53%, respectively. The antihypertensive mechanisms may involve (1) HCP-C7C12 acting as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, reducing angiotensin II production, and (2) modulating amino acid abundance such as L-Arginine, L-valine, leucine, and phenylalanine, resulting in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that improve endothelial function. Additionally, HCP-C7C12 exhibited prebiotic-like effects, activating the butyrate and propionate production pathway and increasing the abundance of gut microbes with anti-inflammatory potentials. Overall, long-term consumption of the HCP-C7C12 tablet could be advantageous for blood pressure control in prehypertensive or hypertensive individuals.

In the realm of sports science, nutrition is a well-established pillar for athletes' training, performance, and post-workout recovery. However, the role of gut microbiota, often overlooked, is a novel and intriguing aspect that can significantly impact athletic performance. With this in mind, our study ventures into uncharted territory, investigating the effect of probiotic and casein supplementation on the aerobic capacity of male soccer players. A double-blinded and placebo-controlled study was conducted with 44 male soccer players (Age: 22.81 ± 2.76 yr, Height: 177.90 ± 6.75 cm, Weight: 67.42 ± 8.44 kg). The participants were subjected to the Bruce test in the beginning; then, they were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of 11 people: probiotics (PRO), casein (CAS), probiotics with casein (PRO+CAS), and placebo (PLA). PRO group was given one probiotic capsule (containing strains of BP06, Lacticaseibacillus casei BP07, BA05, BD08 , BI04, BL03, BB02 and BT01, with a total dose of 4.5 × 10 CFU) during dinner, while the CAS group consumed 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The PRO+CAS group was given one probiotic capsule during dinner and 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The participants in the PLA group were given one red capsule (containing 5 grams of starch) during dinner. All participants were instructed to take the supplements only on training days, three times a week for four weeks. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO ), Ventilatory Threshold (VT), Time-to-exhaustion (TTE), Respiratory Compensation Point (RCP), Isocapnic area Time (Time-IC), Isocapnic area oxygen consumption (VO -IC), and Hypocapnic Hyperventilation area Time (Time-HHV), after the Bruce test were Measured. All data were analyzed using SPSS Windows software, mixed repeated measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test at  < 0.05 level. The current study's findings illustrated that, after the intervention, TTE (  = 0.01) and RCP (  = 0.01) were significantly improved in PRO+CAS compared to the PLA group. No significant difference was observed between PRO and PLA (  = 0.52), PRO and CAS (  = 0.999), PRO and PRO+CAS (  = 0.9), CAS and PLA (  = 0.65), CAS and PRO+CAS (  = 0.73) in TTE. In addition, no significant difference was observed between PRO and CAS (  = 0.999), PRO and PLA (  = 0.40), PRO and PRO+CAS (  = 0.999), CAS and PLA (  = 0.263), CAS and PRO+CAS (  = 0.999) in RCP. Time-HHV was significantly higher in PRO+CAS (  = 0.000) and CAS (  = 0.047) compared to the PLA group. However, no significant difference was observed in the Time-HHV between PRO and CAS (  = 0.999), PRO and PRO+CAS (  = 0.25), PRO and PLA (  = 0.12), and CAS and PRO+CAS (  = 0.57). Additionally, all the groups had no significant differences in VO , VT1, VO -IC and Time-IC. The findings showed that consuming probiotics and casein could relatively improve the aerobic capacity of male soccer players. Nevertheless, simultaneous consumption of probiotics and casein had a more pronounced effect on aerobic capacity indicators, especially TTE and Time-HHV.

Objectives To compare the effect of self-assembling peptide P11-4 with fluoride, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) varnish and 5% sodium fluoride varnish (NaF), on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in dental plaque of preschoolers in addition to assessing change in plaque index after their intensive application. Methods Sixty-six preschoolers were randomly assigned into three groups to receive triple applications of P11-4 with fluoride, CPP-ACPF varnish or NaF. S. mutans count in supragingival plaque samples was assessed at baseline (T0) and after the third application by 48 h (T1), one month (T2) and 3 months (T3). Multivariable linear regression compared the effect of these materials on S. mutans log count at various time intervals. Baseline plaque index was compared to that at T2 and T3. Results All study groups presented a significant decrease in S. mutans count at T1, T2 and T3. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated a significant more reduction in S. mutans count in CPP-ACPF and NaF groups when compared to P11-4 with fluoride at T1. At T2 and T3, CPP-ACPF showed superior reduction in bacterial count than NaF and P11-4 with fluoride, with no significant difference between the latter two materials. Plaque index was significantly reduced at all study groups at T2 and T3, with CPP-ACPF being the most proficient. Conclusion CPP-ACPF presented superior antibacterial effect when compared to P11-4 with fluoride or NaF which exhibited comparable antibacterial effect. Clinical relevance Different remineralizing agents can have additive antibacterial effect against S. mutans that affects individual’s future caries experience.

The health benefits currently associated with increased dairy intake may be attributable to the whey component of dairy proteins. The present study evaluated the effects of whey protein supplementation on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in comparison to casein and glucose (control) supplementation in overweight/obese individuals for 12 weeks. The subjects were randomised to whey protein, casein or glucose supplementation for 12 weeks according to a parallel design. Fasting blood samples and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements were taken. Seventy men and women with a mean age of 48·4 (sem 0·86) years and a mean BMI of 31·3 (sem 0·8) kg/m2 completed the study. Subjects supplemented with whey protein had no significant change in body composition or serum glucose at 12 weeks compared with the control or casein group. Fasting TAG levels were significantly lowered in the whey group compared with the control group at 6 weeks (P = 0·025) and 12 weeks (P = 0·035). There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol at week 12 in the whey group compared with the casein (P = 0·026 and 0·045, respectively) and control groups (P < 0·001 and 0·003, respectively). Fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance scores were also significantly decreased in the whey group compared with the control group (P = 0·049 and P = 0·034, respectively). The present study demonstrated that supplementation with whey proteins improves fasting lipids and insulin levels in overweight and obese individuals.

This study assessed the efficacy of 60% CPP-ACP to remineralise white spot lesions (WSLs) in enamel and to occlude patent dentinal tubules in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over, in situ study. Human enamel specimens with subsurface lesions (WSLs) and root dentine specimens with open dentinal tubules were prepared and inserted into intra-oral appliances worn by volunteers. Participants wore the appliances 24 h a day for four 14-consecutive day treatment periods with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Four treatments applied with a micro-brush once daily were 60% CPP-ACP with and without 1100ppm F as SnF 2 , 1100ppm F as SnF 2 alone and a placebo as negative control. Mineral content was measured using transverse microradiography and dentine tubules were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analysed using a repeated measures ANOVA with a Sidak adjustment for multiple comparisons. Once daily application of 60% CPP-ACP with or without SnF 2 produced 36.6 ± 1.6% and 28.8 ± 1.5% remineralisation of the WSLs respectively, and both were significantly higher ( p  < 0.0001) than that for treatment by SnF 2 alone (8.8 ± 0.7%) or placebo control (2.3 ± 0.4%). SEM analysis of the dentine samples showed that daily application of 60% CPP-ACP with or without SnF 2 produced near complete dentinal tubule occlusion.

Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of over 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of over 90 mmHg. Hypertension is widely known to be a factor affecting human health, so its prevention is considered important. We investigated the effect of casein-derived tripeptide Met-Lys-Pro (MKP) on blood pressure in a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Participants were healthy adults with SBP between 120 and 139 mmHg, and/or DBP between 80 and 89 mmHg. A total of 121 participants were randomly assigned to the MKP group or placebo group. Participants received either a test powder containing 100 μg of MKP or a placebo powder without MKP for 12 weeks. As a result, SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the MKP group than in the placebo group. No adverse events associated with the MKP intake were observed. This study showed that MKP has a beneficial effect on lowering blood pressure in healthy adults with high-normal and elevated blood pressure and can be safely used for continuous intake.

The dentin exposure always leads to dentin hypersensitivity and/or caries. Given the dentin's tubular structure and low mineralization degree, reestablishing an effective biobarrier to stably protect dentin remains significantly challenging. This study reports a versatile dentin surface biobarrier consisting of a mesoporous silica-based epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)/nanohydroxyapatite delivery system and evaluates its stability on the dentinal tubule occlusion and the ( ) biofilm inhibition. The mesoporous delivery system was fabricated and characterized. Sensitive dentin discs were prepared and randomly allocated to three groups: 1, control group; 2, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) group; and 3, the mesoporous delivery system group. The dentin permeability, dentinal tubule occlusion, acid and abrasion resistance, and biofilm inhibition were determined for 1 week and 1 month. The in vitro release profiles of EGCG, Ca, and P were also monitored. The mesoporous delivery system held the ability to sustainably release EGCG, Ca, and P and could persistently occlude dentinal tubules with acid and abrasion resistance, reduce the dentin permeability, and inhibit the biofilm formation for up to 1 month compared with the two other groups. The system provided prolonged stability to combat oral adverse challenges and served as an effective surface biobarrier to protect the exposed dentin. The establishment of the dentin surface biobarrier consisting of a mesoporous delivery system indicates a promising strategy for the prevention and the management of dentin hypersensitivity and caries after enamel loss.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate if CPP-ACP / infiltrating resin was superior in treating enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy compared with fluoride varnish, in order to provide early-intervention implications for dental professionals. Materials and methods In the in-vitro study, premolars were grouped into four: remineralization with fluoride varnish / CPP-ACP, sealing with infiltrating resin, and negative control. Experimental demineralization of enamel surfaces was analyzed using techniques of QLF, SEM, EDS and micro-hardness testing. An in-vivo intervention study was conducted on patients randomly assigned into three groups. At the baseline and every-3-month follow-up, QLF parameters were compared temporally and parallelly to yield potential implications for promotion in clinical practice. Results The in-vitro study performed on 48 experimental tooth surfaces demonstrated that sealing with infiltrating resin reduced enamel surface porosity and increased surface micro-hardness significantly. In the in-vivo intervention study on 163 tooth surfaces, it was suggested that for those who meet the criteria of -10 < ΔF < -6 and − 1000 < ΔQ < -20 at the baseline, all these treatment methods could achieve acceptable outcomes; with the rising of absolute values of ΔF and ΔQ, sealing with infiltrating resin showed more evident advantages. Conclusion For enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy, all the treatment methods involved in this study showed acceptable effectiveness but had respective characteristics in treatment effects. QLF parameters could be used as indicators for clinical early-intervention strategy with regards to this clinical issue. Clinical relevance With QLF parameters, clinical early-intervention strategy for enamel demineralization during orthodontic therapy could be optimized.

Objective To evaluate the effect of treatment with fluoridated toothpaste supplemented with a combination of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (MI Paste Plus ® ) on the demineralization of dental enamel. Methods Bovine enamel blocks selected by initial surface hardness (SHi) were randomly allocated into six groups ( n = 12), according to the test toothpastes: (1) without F-TMP-MI Paste Plus ® (Placebo); (2) 1100 ppm F (1100F); (3) MI Paste Plus ® ; (4) 1100F + MI Paste Plus ® (1100F-MI Paste Plus), (5) 1100F + 3 % TMP (1100F-TMP); and (6) 1100F-TMP + MI Paste Plus ® (1100F-TMP-MI Paste Plus). Blocks were treated two times per day with slurries of toothpaste (1 min), and groups 4 and 6 received an application of MI Paste Plus (3 min). Next, the samples were subjected to five pH cycles (demineralizing/remineralizing solutions) at 37 °C, to produce subsurface enamel lesions.Thereafter, the blocks were maintained for 2 days in fresh remineralizing solution. After pH cycling, the following were obtained: percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH); integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN); profile analysis and lesion depth subsurface through polarized light microscopy (PLM); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in the enamel. The data were subjected to ANOVA (1-criterion), followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls test ( p < 0.001). Results The 1100F-TMP-MI Paste Plus group showed better results for SHR, ΔKHN, and PLM ( p < 0.001). The F concentration was similar among all groups ( p > 0.001). The 1100F-TMP-MI Paste Plus group showed the highest concentration of Ca and P in the enamel ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The application of 1100F-TMP-MI Paste Plus promoted a higher inhibitory effect against enamel demineralization. Clinical significance The combination of treatments with F, TMP, and MI Paste Plus ® can be an effective alternative to improve the oral health of individuals, especially those with high activity of dental caries and at high risk for its development.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate and compare the protective effect of fluoride varnish (Enamelast™, Ultradent Inc., Cologne, Germany), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride/CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and self-assembling P 11-4 peptide (Curodont™ Protect, Credentis AG, Windisch, Switzerland), against acidic erosion of primary teeth. Methods Forty primary anterior teeth were randomly assigned to four groups ( n  = 10): group 1: control, group 2: fluoride varnish, group 3: CPP-ACPF and group 4: self-assembling P 11-4 peptide. After applying remineralising agents, except for the control group, all specimens underwent an erosive challenge of carbonated soft drink and artificial saliva for 15 cycles of 6 s each at 6-h intervals for a day. Groups were compared in terms of surface microhardness, roughness readings, and surface scanning with an extra-oral scanner (D800; 3Shape A/S) before and after the erosive process. Results All experimental groups showed superior results than the control group regarding microhardness, surface roughness, and substance loss. The fluoride varnish group showed significantly favourable results in microhardness change. There was no significant difference between the experimental groups regarding surface roughness and enamel loss measurements. Conclusion 5% NaF fluoride varnish, CPP-ACPF and self-assembling P 11-4 peptide protect the enamel of primary teeth against erosion compared to artificial saliva alone.