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At the time of its occurrence, the Spanish Civil War epitomized for the Western world the confrontation of democracy, fascism, and communism. An entire generation of Englishmen and Americans felt a deeper emotional involvement in that war than in any other world event of their lifetimes, including the Second World War. On the Continent, its \"lessons,\" as interpreted by participants of many nationalities, have played an important role in the politics of both Western Europe and the People's Democracies. Everywhere in the Western world, readers of history have noted parallels between the Spanish Republic of 1931 and the revolutionary governments which existed in France and Central Europe during the year 1848. The Austrian revolt of October 1934, reminded participants and observers alike of the Paris Commune of 1871, and even the most politically unsophisticated observers could see in the Spain of 1936 all the ideological and class conflicts which had characterized revolutionary France of 1789 and revolutionary Russia of 1917. It is not surprising, therefore, that the worthwhile books on the Spanish Civil War have almost all emphasized its international ramifications and have discussed its political crises entirely in the vocabulary of the French and Russian revolutions. Relatively few of the foreign participants realized that the Civil War had arisen out of specifically Spanish circumstances. Few of them knew the history of the Second Spanish Republic, which for five years prior to the war had been grappling with the problems of what we now call an \"underdeveloped nation.\" InSpanish Republic and the Civil War, Gabriel Jackson expounds the history of the Second Republic and the Civil War primarily as seen from within Spain.

In the 1560's and the 1570's, several authors outside of Spain recorded the text of an oath supposedly uttered by the Aragonese people when they received their king. While most modern historians doubt the authenticity of the oath, they agree that it has frequently served the purposes of political propaganda whenever an Aragonese patriot has wished to epitomize his nation's tradition of resistance to tyranny. This book studies the oath \"We, who are worth as much as you, take you as our king, provided that you preserve our laws and liberties, and if not, not\" as an example of historiographical fiction which belongs to a complex of legal-historical legends about the origins of Aragon. Originally published in 1968. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The book description for \"Almohad Movement in North Africa in the 12th and 13th Centuries\" is currently unavailable.

In this magisterial work, Joseph O'Callaghan offers a detailed account of the establishment of Alfonso X's legal code, theLibro de las leyesorSiete Partidas, and its applications in the daily life of thirteenth-century Iberia, both within and far beyond the royal courts. O'Callaghan argues that Alfonso X, el Sabio (the Wise), was the Justinian of his age, one of the truly great legal minds of human history. Alfonso X, the Justinian of His Agehighlights the struggles the king faced in creating a new, coherent, inclusive, and all-embracing body of law during his reign, O'Callaghan also considers Alfonso X's own understanding of his role as king, lawgiver, and defender of the faith in order to evaluate the impact of his achievement on the administration of justice. Indeed, such was the power and authority of the Alfonsine code that it proved the king's downfall when his son invoked it to challenge his rule. Throughout this soaring legal and historical biography, O'Callaghan reminds us of the long-term impacts of Alfonso X's legal works, not just on Castilian (and later, Iberian) life, but on the administration of justice across the world.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction: origins and development of Castilian Spanish in Spain Variation and identity in current Peninsular Spanish Concluding remarks: toward multilingualism References

The loss of functions in Spanish rural areas has triggered territorial inequalities and injustices in a highly complex geographical environment. After the COVID-19 pandemic and in a context of overpopulation in large cities, the rural area emerged as a space of opportunity for more sustainable territorial rebalancing. Despite the evident tendency towards their population emptying, they are places endowed with their own qualities and specific values, currently in danger, especially in border areas between the regions, which are far from centralised nuclei and generate conflicts due to the transfer of powers to them from the State. Among these values is cultural heritage, the safeguarding and enrichment of which depends on the balance between the landscape and the society that hosts it. This work focuses on access to archaeological sites—an important form of heritage prior to the establishment of actual regional divisions, in the depopulated frontier between Cantabria and Castile and Leon—whose potential is presented by their intrinsic relationship with the territory and their ability to identify historical landscapes, advocating for future sustainability on a territorial scale. With all of the above, a cultural landscape delimitation is proposed between both regions that share common characteristics and problems, promoting synergies and territorial readings by analysing the territorial assets of these interior areas so that their potential is not diminished.