Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
156
result(s) for
"Castles Models."
Sort by:
Cool castles
Patterns and instructions for building castles and all the people and things around them using LEGO toys.
Book
PROCESS OF CREATING AND COMPARING 4D MODELS OF RHENISH CASTLES IN DIFFERENT MODELING ENVIRONMENTS
Alsace is renowned for its rich castle heritage. With more than 500 listed castles, it is one of Europe's most densely fortified areas (Châteaux forts Alsace, 2013). Some of them date back to the 11th century, and most of them are in ruins. It was against this backdrop that these studies were carried out as part of the Châteaux Rhénans - Burgen am Oberrhein project, funded by the European Interreg VI programme. More specifically, within the animation and promotion strands carried out by INSA Strasbourg and Tourismus Südliche Weinstraße. These actions focus on the digitisation and digital promotion of the Rhine castral heritage. Two projects are described and compared in this paper. The Oedenbourg castle is a little-known site. Tucked away behind its famous neighbour (Haut-Koenigsbourg castle, Orschwiller, Alsace, France), this ruined remains from the 15th century houses a Gothic dwelling dating from the 13th century. The Oedenbourg, with its architectural elements from different historical periods, was now the subject of new excavations to shed light on its history. The ruins of Wasenbourg castle, which dominates the commune of Niederbronn-les-Bains in Alsace (France), are the second site to be studied. Historians agree that it was built in the 13th century, but the precise date is around 1272–1275. In 1592, the castle is mentioned as being in ruins. This paper presents the different processes undertaken for the digitisation, 3D modelling and 4D restitution of the two sites, using two different modellers, namely Autodesk Maya for the Oedenbourg and Blender for the Wasenbourg.
Journal Article
The disappeared Castle – The Return of the Horneburg in Virtual and Augmented Reality
Technological advances in virtual reality (VR) in recent years have the potential to impact our everyday lives increasingly. VR enables us to explore a digital world through an immersive experience with a head-mounted display (HMD). When combined with tools for 3D documentation and modelling, as well as software for creating interactive virtual worlds, VR can play a significant role in preserving and visualising cultural heritage for museums, educational institutions, and other cultural sectors. VR opens up a new form of scientific communication that can benefit damaged, destroyed or distant historical and cultural heritage objects. On the other hand, augmented reality (AR) can resurrect and display forgotten and lost cultural heritage objects and monuments in their original locations via mobile devices. This paper presents the development of a VR and AR application of the disappeared Horneburg castle, which does not exist anymore since almost 400 years. These applications will serve as tourist attractions for visitors to the municipality of Horneburg, enabling them to experience the castle's historic life in an immersive way at the museum and interactively on site. Based on the uncovering of the underground remains of the castle by geomagnetic prospecting the Horneburg Castle was reconstructed using a derived 2D site plan and architectural drawings of the castle buildings. The 3D models of the buildings were constructed using the 2D drawings, which were then transferred to the game engine Unreal 5 for texture mapping and immersive visualisation. The AR app was developed to visualise the whole building ensemble with the wooden palisade around the castle or each individual building on mobile android and iOS devices using WebXR and Three.js on site in nature (option 1) and location-independent (option 2). The technical implementation of the VR and AR applications is presented in this article.
Journal Article
Parametric Modelling Techniques for Rhine Castle Models in Blender
Recent advances in 3D modelling have greatly improved the digital reconstruction of historic buildings. Traditional 3D modelling methods, while accurate, are very time-consuming and require a detailed focus on complex architectural features. The use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology, adapted to historic buildings as Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM), has made the modelling process easier. However, HBIM still struggles with a lack of detailed object libraries that truly represent the diverse architectural heritage, due to the unique designs of these ancient structures. This article presents a new method using Blender software, focusing on Geometry Nodes and modifier tools for parametric modelling. This method aims to efficiently reconstruct the Rhine region’s castles, which are part of Europe’s most heavily fortified areas with a history that goes back to the XIth century. Many of these castles, over 500 years old, are now ruins. Our method allows for quick changes and detailed customization to meet the specific needs of archaeologists and heritage researchers. Developed as part of the Châteaux Rhénans-Burgen am Oberrhein project, funded by the European Interreg VI programme, this approach focuses on digitizing and promoting the Rhine castles’ heritage. The project aims to fill some gaps in parametric modelling by providing a flexible and dynamic toolset for heritage conservation.
Journal Article
Securing digital images: A chaos-driven scrambling algorithm using the Rössler system
A wide range of mathematical constructs, theories, and algorithms have been leveraged by cryptographers to secure valuable and sensitive digital images. Among these, image encryption based on scrambling algorithms has been extensively utilized. These scrambling techniques operate on 1D, 2D, and 3D constructs, relying on pixel-level swapping to enhance security. This research introduces a novel scrambling algorithm that employs a row- and column-based scrambling approach. The encryption process begins with an input image, from which a 2D scrambled image is generated. The columns of pixels from the input image are randomly placed into the columns of the scrambled image. Once all columns are inserted, the process is repeated to intensify the scrambling effect. A similar procedure is then applied to the rows of the image. To further enhance security, a diffusion process is applied using an XOR operation between the scrambled image and a random number stream. These random numbers are generated using the 3D Rössler chaotic system, where two chaotic streams contribute to the scrambling effect, and a third stream is used for diffusion. Both machine simulations and exhaustive security analyses demonstrate that the proposed image cipher is highly resistant to various cryptanalytic attacks, including brute-force attacks, differential attacks, and noise and data cropping attacks. Given these promising results, we recommend the proposed method for real-world applications to fully utilize its security potential.
Journal Article
Integration of Laser Scanner and Photogrammetry for Heritage BIM Enhancement
Digital 3D capture and reliable reproduction of architectural features is the first and most difficult step towards defining a heritage BIM. Three-dimensional digital survey technologies, such as TLS and photogrammetry, enable experts to scan buildings with a new level of detail. Challenges in the tracing of parametric objects in a TLS point cloud include the reconstruction of occluded parts, measurement of uncertainties relevant to surface reflectivity, and edge detection and location. In addition to image-based techniques being considered cost effective, highly flexible, and efficient in producing a high-quality 3D textured model, they also provide a better interpretation of surface linear characteristics. This article addresses an architecture survey workflow using photogrammetry and TLS to optimize a point cloud that is sufficient for a reliable HBIM. Fusion-based workflows were proposed during the recording of two heritage sites—the Matbouli House Museum in Historic Jeddah, a UNESCO World Heritage Site; and Asfan Castle. In the Matbouli House Museum building, which is rich with complex architectural features, multi-sensor recording was implemented at different resolutions and levels of detail. The TLS data were used to reconstruct the basic shape of the main structural elements, while the imagery’s superior radiometric data and accessibility were effectively used to enhance the TLS point clouds for improving the geometry, data interpretation, and parametric tracing of irregular objects in the facade. Furthermore, in the workflow that is considered to be the ragged terrain of the Castle of Asfan, here, the TLS point cloud was supplemented with UAV data in the upper building zones where the shadow data originated. Both datasets were registered using an ICP algorithm to scale the photogrammetric data and define their actual position in the construction system. The hybrid scans were imported and processed in the BIM environment. The building components were segmented and classified into regular and irregular surfaces, in order to perform detailed building information modeling of the architectural elements. The proposed workflows demonstrated an appropriate performance in terms of reliable and complete BIM mapping in the complex structures.
Journal Article
CRAFTING AND MODIFYING RHINE CASTLE MODELS WITH PARAMETRIC MODELING IN BLENDER
In the domain of architectural heritage conservation, the recent advancements in 3D modeling have significantly improved the reconstruction fidelity of historical edifices, particularly medieval castles of the Rhine region. The existing traditional 3D modeling methodologies, though precise, are laborious and exceedingly time-consuming, requiring a detailed focus on intricate architectural nuances. Advancements in Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology have played a key role in simplifying this process, offering an adaptable and parametric approach to architectural modeling. Nonetheless, the domain of Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) faces the distinctive challenge of scarce parametric object libraries that are suitably representative of historical heritage, compounded by the architectural heterogeneity inherent in these ancient structures.This paper presents a novel methodology utilizing the Blender software suite, with an emphasis on exploiting ”Geometry Nodes” and ”Modifiers” for parametric modeling. We introduce a technique that significantly enhances the efficiency of modeling Rhine castles. This method supports rapid alterations and precise customization, catering to the specific analytical needs of archaeologists and heritage researchers. The proposed approach aims to bridge the gap in HBIM by providing a flexible, dynamic toolset for the accurate digital preservation of historical architecture.
Journal Article
Expeditious Low-Cost SfM Photogrammetry and a TLS Survey for the Structural Analysis of Illasi Castle (Italy)
The structural analysis of degraded historical buildings requires an adequate 3D model of the object. Structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry and laser scanning geomatics techniques can satisfy this request by providing geometrically affordable data. The accuracy and resolution depend on the instruments and procedures used to extract the 3D models. This work focused on a 3D survey of Illasi Castle, a strongly degraded historical building located in northern Italy, aimed at structural analysis in the prevision of a static recovery. A low-cost drone, a single-lens reflex (SLR) camera, and a smartphone were used in the survey. From each acquired dataset, using the integration between the images acquired by the drone and the SLR camera, a 3D model of the building was extracted by means of the SfM technique. The data were compared with high-precision and high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) acquisitions to evaluate the accuracy and performance of the fast and low-cost SfM approach. The results showed a standard deviation value for the point cloud comparisons in the order of 2–3 cm for the best solution (integrating drone and SLR images) and 4–7 cm using smartphone images. Finally, the integration of the best SfM model of the external walls and the TLS model of the internal portion of the building was used in finite element (FE) analysis to provide a safety assessment of the structure.
Journal Article
Color Homogenization in 3D Reconstruction of Castles from Heterogeneous Imaging Sources
This study, conducted as part of the Rhineland Castles 3D Modeling Project, addresses the problem of color inconsistencies in 3D reconstructions generated from diverse imagery sources, including drone footage and terrestrial photography. Variations in lighting conditions, camera sensors and acquisition settings often result in photometric discrepancies that degrade the quality of the textured 3D model. Two datasets from Ramstein and Oedenbourg Castles in France were analysed, each presenting characterised by distinct photometric conditions. The Ramstein dataset exhibited relatively uniform lighting, allowing the application of statistical color transfer methods. Among the methods evaluated, Mean-Lab Transfer produced the most photometrically consistent and visually faithful results. In contrast, the Oedenbourg dataset presented significant photometric variability, characterised by extreme variations in saturation, luminosity, and contrast. To effectively manage these challenging conditions Here, a two-step enhancement approach was adopted, combining gamma correction (in HSV color space) and with CLAHE to balance brightness and preserve color identity. This paper details the applied methodologies, evaluates their effectiveness in achieving color consistency, and highlights the importance of adopting emphasizing the need for dataset-specific processing pipelines.
Journal Article
Three Dimensional Cellular Automata Sand Castle construction Model Based on Step Factor
It seems that everyone has the experience of making sandcastles on the leisure beach. In order to know how to build a beautiful and sturdy beach castle, this article simulates and analyzes the process of sand castles being eroded by water, and obtains some factors that extend the life of sand castles. First, we model the waves. Simplify the waves into a sine wave. Using calculus and fluid mechanics, the water wave impact force on a particle on the sand castle was calculated. Second, we model the sandcastle. Discretizing time, space, and state, we innovatively introduce the concepts of friction and impact into the model, and propose a new Three-dimensional Cellular Automaton model combined with step factors. We consider each gravel or water molecule as a cell, and simultaneously introduce the moving probability and collision probability to describe the moving trend and collision between the gravel cells, respectively. In order to effectively describe the loss of sand castles in the waves, the gravel cells that are in direct contact with the water cells will receive an impact force calculated by the first model. According to the law of large numbers, we use enough cells to simulate the erosion of sandcastles by the waves. It was found that within a certain range, the farther from the ocean and the more the total gravel, the stronger the anti-erosion ability of the sand castle.
Journal Article