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The castle of St Marcet was in the 13th and 14th centuries the largest stronghold in the county of Comminges, from Spain to Muret. Its powerful neighbours, Toulouse, English Bigorre, Armagnac and Astarac, Foix and Aragon, aimed to claim this land for themselves. A delicate partition of the castle between the counts and the bishops of Comminges weakened the building. This succinct evocation makes one aware of the complexity of the historical context and the disorder that results from it: the diversity, the opportunity of matrimonial and political alliances, the wars between neighbours. The richness of its history, illustrated by the 20 years of captivity of the famous and powerful Countess Marguerite de Comminges, gave this place all its interest and even saved it. The owner, Jean-Marc Fontan, has been working for nearly 20 years to rehabilitate this vast estate on a site that is difficult to access and complicated.

This study aims to elucidate concepts of castle in the Netherlands, England and Ireland in both past en present times. The first part of the book examines current, respectively, academic, national and personal appropriations of 'castle'; the second part moves into the past, juxtaposing elite culture and the spatial organisation of 16th and 17th century domestic architecture.

A vibrant history of the castle in Britain, from the early Middle Ages to the present day The castle has long had a pivotal place in British life, associated with lordship, landholding, and military might, and today it remains a powerful symbol of history. But castles have never been merely impressive fortresses-they were hubs of life, activity, and imagination. John Goodall weaves together the history of the British castle across the span of a millennium, from the eleventh to the twenty-first century, through the voices of those who witnessed it. Drawing on chronicles, poems, letters, and novels, including the work of figures like Gawain Poet, Walter Scott, Evelyn Waugh, and P. G. Wodehouse, Goodall explores the importance of the castle in our culture and society. From the medieval period to Civil War engagements, right up to modern manifestations in Harry Potter, Goodall reveals that the castle has always been put to different uses, and to this day continues to serve as a source of inspiration.

This study aims to analyze the architectural characteristics of traditional castles in Al-Hejaz, KSA, with the goal of elucidating their historical significance, cultural value, and architectural importance. The research focuses on identifying the distinctive elements of these castles and their role in enhancing the understanding and appreciation of cultural heritage in Saudi Arabia, particularly by examining Shanqal Castle as a significant yet previously understudied example. The study seeks to comprehend both the architectural and historical features of traditional castles in the region. Moreover, it investigates the influence of social, economic, and environmental factors on these structures, providing a detailed examination of Shanqal Castle as a prominent representative of this architectural typology. The research methodology includes field studies and archaeological surveys of Shanqal Castle, utilizing technological tools such as 3D modeling and photogrammetry. Additionally, it employs an analytical-inductive approach to examining relevant sources and references, alongside descriptive methods to interpret the remaining ruins of the castle.

The article is devoted to the history of two castles in Oświęcim and Špilberk in Brno and their modern adaptation to museum functions. The stages of the formation of fortifications, the specifics of the architectural and compositional solution and planning are studied. Today, the castles in Oświęcim and Špilberk in Brno operate as museums representing the history of the cities and the castle itself. A special feature is the presence of underground premises that date back to the times of Austrian rule. The mission of the museums is to popularize the history of Oświęcim and Brno, the heritage, traditions and culture of the cities. For this purpose, the protection of cultural values, the documentation of historical facts and the collection of archaeological, historical and ethnographic exhibits related to Oświęcim, the Oświęcim region and Brno are ensured. Each of the museums conducts extensive exhibition and publishing activities. The idea of creating museum exhibits is to show the complex and centuries-old history of the cities of Oświęcim and Brno. Both castle museums cooperate with numerous museums, educational and cultural institutions in popularizing history.

Rýzmburk Castle is one of the largest and most important medieval castles in Bohemia, documented since 1250 AD. Its North tower is assumed to be built in 1260–1300 AD. To test this assumption, the surface layers of mortar were inspected for the presence of charcoals suitable for radiocarbon dating, and 10 charcoals were found. The charcoals probably originated from wood used for lime burning. The results of radiocarbon dating using accelerator mass spectrometry agree with the historical estimation. Single post-1287 sample indicates that the building date might be refined to 1287–1300 AD.

As part of the Interreg VI Châteaux rhénans – Burgen Am Oberrhein project, INSA Strasbourg is carrying out heritage conservation work on several castles on the Rhine plain. This work consists of 3D topographic surveys of the sites to crystallize them at a given time. Then, in a second phase, this work focuses on the modelling of 3D historical reconstructions of the sites. This challenge is carried out in collaboration with specialised archaeologists, to bring these castles back to life. The objective of this work is to promote the Rhineland castle heritage through digital technology. To increase the influence of these 4D models integrating different temporalities, a Unity game that can be used in a virtual reality cave has been created. Indeed, this method of valuation increases the public's immersion in the model and allows them to project themselves into the reality of the field. The methodology involves converting the models made with Blender to Unity, then creating a game with Unity. Finally, a self-guided game of a set of castles modelled at different historical periods is proposed. This game, focused on the player's immersion, gives access to menus allowing to choose the castle or the desired historical era. It also provides a range of fun tools allowing the player to move objects and take photos. It is also intended to be educational, by offering informative bubbles or interactions with NPCs, while roaming the castles to the rhythm of medieval music. VR is used here as a fun way to enhance the project's digital content in a more immersive form to the public.

[...]sheer coercion replaces meaning and becomes the only solid ground that a person could count on. K.'s trial took place not in the normal court that was located in the Palace of Justice butata special court. After the beginning stages at the special court in the attic, trials were handled in unknown locations in inaccessible courts of law. The Jewish Herem, the Christian ex-communication, and the shunning practice of the Amish Sect all served as social control tools by means of what might be termed psychological murder.

Extrait : \"Cette histoire n'est pas fantastique, elle n'est que romanesque. Faut-il en conclure qu'elle ne soit pas vraie, etant donne son invraisemblance ? Ce serait une erreur. Nous sommes d'un temps ou tout arrive, - on a presque le droit de dire ou tout est arrive. Si notre recit n'est point vraisemblable aujourd'hui, il peut l'etre demain, grace aux ressources scientifiques qui sont le lot de l'avenir, et personne ne s'aviserait de le mettre au rang des legendes.\"