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Sciurus anomalus Güldenstädt, 1785 is a rodent commonly called the Caucasian squirrel. S. anomalus is a medium-sized squirrel with chestnut gray to grizzled buff dorsum, buff eye rings, and chestnut to buff-yellow underparts. S. anomalus is 1 of 28 species in the genus Sciurus and is found in forests of the Middle East and extreme southwestern Asia. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources considers S. anomalus to be a species of “Least Concern;” habitat destruction is the main threat.

The Caucasian Squirrel, Sciurus anomalus, is the only representative of the Sciuridae family in the Eastern Mediterranean region. In this study, the mitochondrial genome of the Sciurus anomalus species was generated, and we investigate its phylogenetic position within the Sciuridae family. The generated mitogenome sequence is 16,234 bp. It is composed of a control region and a conserved set of 37 genes containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA genes.