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Body messages : the quest for the proteins of cellular communication
This is a book about the research process that led scientists to the discovery of a group of molecules that act as carriers of information among the cells of our body, which the book refers to collectively as \"body messages.\" Among the thousands of body messages, the author selected those that are part of her own research, the cytokines, adipokines, and other proteins that regulate inflammation and metabolism. She also interviewed twenty researchers who contributed significantly to the field, asking details about their discoveries while also inquiring about their life and education. Along with scientists' personal recollections, the book reconstructs the discovery process based on published reports of the original experimental findings. Though the book's main theme is the process of discovery, it devotes considerable space to the biology of body messages and the consequence of their identification for medical practice.-- Provided by publisher
Book
Deciphering cell–cell interactions and communication from gene expression
Cell–cell interactions orchestrate organismal development, homeostasis and single-cell functions. When cells do not properly interact or improperly decode molecular messages, disease ensues. Thus, the identification and quantification of intercellular signalling pathways has become a common analysis performed across diverse disciplines. The expansion of protein–protein interaction databases and recent advances in RNA sequencing technologies have enabled routine analyses of intercellular signalling from gene expression measurements of bulk and single-cell data sets. In particular, ligand–receptor pairs can be used to infer intercellular communication from the coordinated expression of their cognate genes. In this Review, we highlight discoveries enabled by analyses of cell–cell interactions from transcriptomic data and review the methods and tools used in this context.Cell–cell interactions and communication can be inferred from RNA sequencing data of, for example, ligand–receptor pairs. The authors review insights gained and the methods and tools used in studies of cell–cell interactions based on transcriptomic data.
Journal Article
Extracellular vesicles: a new communication paradigm?
Biological information can be shared between cells via extracellular vesicles. However, how cargo carried by extracellular vesicles elicits biological responses remains unresolved. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that govern packaging and targeted delivery of extracellular vesicle cargo will be required to establish extracellular vesicles as important signalling entities.
Journal Article
Notch signalling in context
Key Points
The highly conserved Notch cell–cell signalling pathway operates in many different contexts across which the consequences can differ widely, despite the fact that the core pathway is very simple.
Many different types of regulation contribute to the differing outcomes of Notch signalling, ranging from tissue-level coordination to nuclear governance.
The pattern of expression of the ligands (which are transmembrane proteins), receptors and crucial modifying enzymes is one level of regulation that is common to many signalling pathways. However, the one-to-one interaction between ligand and receptor in Notch signalling places extra emphasis on this type of regulation, especially because the ligand and receptor can
cis
-inhibit one another when present in the same cells.
'Topological' tissue organization and the extent of cell–cell contacts are likely to be of unusual importance in influencing the levels of Notch activation because the ligands are transmembrane proteins.
Nuclear context, in the form of cell-type-specific transcription factors and chromatin organization, is a primary level of control in generating qualitatively different outcomes after Notch activation. In addition, the wiring of the gene regulatory networks in the signal-receiving cells contributes to the diversity of responses and to the nature of its crosstalk with other signalling pathways.
Together, these regulatory mechanisms make the Notch pathway versatile and able to undertake many different roles. But they are also susceptible to perturbations, and may be a contributory factor in Notch-related diseases.
The Notch signalling pathway functions in many processes — from developmental patterning to cell growth and cell death. As the complexity of Notch signalling regulation is being unravelled at the levels of cell-surface ligand–receptor interactions and of gene expression, we are gaining a deeper understanding of how this conserved pathway can lead to such diverse cellular responses.
The highly conserved Notch signalling pathway functions in many different developmental and homeostatic processes, which raises the question of how this pathway can achieve such diverse outcomes. With a direct route from the membrane to the nucleus, the Notch pathway has fewer opportunities for regulation than do many other signalling pathways, yet it generates exquisitely patterned structures, including sensory hair cells and branched arterial networks. More confusingly, its activity promotes tissue growth and cancers in some circumstances but cell death and tumour suppression in others. Many different regulatory mechanisms help to shape the activity of the Notch pathway, generating functional outputs that are appropriate for each context. These mechanisms include the receptor–ligand landscape, the tissue topology, the nuclear environment and the connectivity of the regulatory networks.
Journal Article
A review of the regulatory mechanisms of extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound structures that are released from cells into the surrounding environment. These structures can be categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic vesicles, and they play an essential role in intercellular communication. These vesicles are attracting significant clinical interest as they offer the potential for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention. To fully understand the regulation of intercellular communication through EVs, it is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms. This review aims to provide a summary of the current knowledge on the intercellular communications involved in EV targeting, binding, and uptake, as well as the factors that influence these interactions. These factors include the properties of the EVs, the cellular environment, and the recipient cell. As the field of EV-related intercellular communication continues to expand and techniques improve, we can expect to uncover more information about this complex area, despite the current limitations in our knowledge.
Journal Article