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Enslaved Africans and their descendants comprised a significant portion of colonial Virginia populations, with most living on rural slave quarters adjacent to the agricultural fields in which they labored. Archaeological excavations into these home sites have provided unique windows into the daily lifeways and culture of these early inhabitants.   A common characteristic of Virginia slave quarters is the presence of subfloor pits beneath the houses. The most common explanations of the functions of these pits are as storage places for personal belongings or root vegetables, and some contextual and ethnohistoric data suggest they may have served as West Africa-style shrines. Through excavations of 103 subfloor pits dating from the 17th through mid-19th centuries, Samford reveals a wealth of data including shape, location, surface area, and depth, as well as contents and patterns of related feature placement. Archaeology reveals the material circumstances of slaves’ lives, which in turn opens the door to illuminating other aspects of life: spirituality, symbolic meanings assigned to material goods, social life, individual and group agency, and acts of resistance and accommodation. Analysis of the artifact assemblages allows the development of hypotheses about how West African, possibly Igbo, cultural traditions were maintained and transformed in the Virginia Chesapeake.

The Precambrian history of the Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet is intensely debated, which hinders global plate tectonic reconstructions throughout the Proterozoic. Previous research on Precambrian basement has suggested that the Lhasa terrane originated from India or Africa, although the paucity of exposed pre‐Neoproterozoic rocks in the North Lhasa terrane (NL) has led to significant uncertainty. We document newly identified Neoarchean granites and Mesoproterozoic Guomangtso Suite from the NL. These pre‐Neoproterozoic rocks reveal a 2.62 Ga anorogenic rifting event and a 1.30–1.10 Ga transition from subduction to back‐arc extension, related to the 2.7–2.6 Ga rifting of the Pilbara Craton and the Proterozoic assembly between the North and West Australian Cratons, respectively. However, these tectono‐magmatic events have no equivalents in the South Lhasa terrane (SL). These observations suggest that the NL originated from Western Australia, and the NL and SL may have distinct origins.

The cultural heritage associated with rural systems is extremely valuable and is a sign of identity for cultures that are disappearing or undergoing transformation. This paper explains and illustrates the series of procedures that have been carried out to document and subsequently virtualise the ethnological site of the ?El Plant?o? underground wine cellars in Atauta. The ensembles of underground wine cellars are located immediately outside the village of Atauta, from which they are separated by the stream of Arroyo de la Laguna or Golb?n, thus giving rise to two environments that are characterised by the perfect interrelation between their natural and architectural heritage. The visual and scenic relations between both these elements make this area a prime example of a cultural heritage that is associated with wine production systems. This documentation was obtained through a combination of different geomatic techniques. The results are organised on a web platform to enable their digital visualisation (2D/3D). This platform provides a virtual environment such that users can understand these underground heritage assets in an integrated way together with the immaterial cultural heritage and the cultural landscape?all of which converge on this ethnological site. The project offers different types of audiences, both real and virtual, access to all of the documentation.

Purpose This paper aims to provide a theoretical and conceptual analysis of wine and wine tourism experiences evidencing the current state of the art and providing some directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides an in-depth literature review and content analysis of prior work. Findings The experience focussed on wine andwine tourismrequires further exploration. The boundaries of the wine andwine tourism experience were identified, togetherwith highlights and strategic agenda for future actions. Originality/value Based on some key prior literature on the topic of wine and tourism experience, future research directions and approaches were proposed.

Underground storage facilities dug in permafrost, or ice cellars, are a natural means of preserving food in conditions of transport isolation and total energy dependence on imported fuel. In the context of rapidly changing natural conditions, such storage facilities become unstable due to warming and degradation of permafrost. Monitoring and modeling the thermal regime of permafrost soils around ice cellars will help assess the impact of predicted climatic changes and the effectiveness of engineering solutions to sustain these facilities. In this paper, we made an attempt to simulate and predict the thermal regime of permafrost around an ice cellar, located in the community of Lorino, NE Russia. We found out that by 2050 the depth of seasonal thawing of the soil above the storage facility will increase from 1.12–1.74 m to 1.19–2.53 m, while the mean annual ground temperature will increase by only 0.5 °C, regardless of the climatic scenario. Results of the predictive simulation demonstrate significant but not critical changes of the thermal state of permafrost around the ice cellar. In fact, incorrect maintenance of the facility may have higher impact to its stability than climate changes. Some recommendations on preventive measures on increasing the ice cellar stability were provided.

Infrared thermography techniques (IRT) are increasingly being applied in non-invasive structural defect detection and building inspection, as they provide accurate surface temperature (ST) and ST contrast (Delta-T) information. The common optional or off-the-shelf installation, of both low- and high-resolution thermal cameras, on commercial UAS further facilitates the application of IRT by enabling aerial imaging for building envelope surveys. The software used in photogrammetry is currently accurate and easy to use. The increasing computational capacity of the hardware allows three-dimensional models to be obtained from conventional photography, thermal, or even multispectral imagery with very short processing times, further improving the possibilities of analysing buildings and structures. Therefore, in this study, which is an extension of a previous work, the analysis of the envelope of a wine cellar, using manual thermal cameras, as well as cameras installed on board an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), will be presented. Since the resolution of thermal images is much lower than that of conventional photography, and their nature does not allow for accurate representation of three-dimensional objects, a new, but simple, digital image pre-processing method will be presented to provide a more detailed 3D model. Then, the three-dimensional reconstruction, based on thermal imagery, of the building envelope will be performed and analysed. The limitations of each technique will be also detailed, together with the anomalies found and the proposed improvements.

This study aims to investigate how sensory experience shapes the perceived quality of wine cellars and how their surroundings foment loyalty to the destination. Although the predominant approach to wine experiences brings into focus the ‘drinking response’ in the cellar itself, this paper takes a holistic view and gives credit to the whole environment in which the cellar is situated, exploring the links between ecotourism and traditional sun, sea and sand destinations. We surveyed 222 tourists by following a non-probabilistic and convenience sampling procedure at fifteen cellars in Gran Canaria. To estimate the ‘enotourist’ experiential model, we performed a path analysis after confirming the reliability of the scales. Of the findings, the most significant is that destination loyalty relies on perceived quality and social interactions with the wine cellar’s staff. Similarly, satisfaction with the cellar also stems from the visitor’s experience of the surroundings. Finally, and crucially, experience is shaped primarily by the sense of touch, and to a lesser degree, by taste, smell and hearing. We highlight the implications for managers and suggest managerial strategies to enhance destination loyalty, increase satisfaction with the cellar and enrich the multidimensional ‘enotourism’ experience.

Traditional rainwater harvesting systems have seen a shift of emphasis in recent years. While recognizing its social, economic and environmental contributions, sustainable use in a modern context can be vulnerable. Through a case study, this study focuses on the long-term sustainability of water cellars in traditional villages if reliable piped water is introduced. The aim is to discern the factors and renovation methods that influence residents’ willingness to continue using these water cellars. The results show that the overall willingness to use them is very low. However, regardless of their continued use or non-use, only a few residents would landfill them. Most residents were interested in their renovation, especially regarding simplifying rainwater harvesting methods. In addition, the management time for rainwater harvesting and heritage identity is positively correlated with the willingness for sustainable use; conversely, the identification of the environmental contribution has no positive correlation. Given these findings, we propose carrying out effective renovation that changes the rainwater catchment surface to roofs and increases residents’ awareness that water cellars can only be heritage if they are in use. By defining the long-term sustainability of a water cellar, this study shows how a quantitative approach focusing on heritage users can offer important insights into a constructive evolution rather than a destructive reconstruction under the influence of modernization. Finally, this study provides planners and water resource managers with effective, sustainable management practices for water cellars as well as similar systems in a historical context.

Despite the high energy consumption of wine making processes, little efforts have been spent so far, both at the industrial and scientific level, to search for alternative energy systems in wine cellars. In fact, almost all the existing cellars take electricity from the grid and burn natural gas or other fossil fuels to fulfil their energy demands. This paper analyses the energy demands of a real Prosecco wine cellar in the North East of Italy, which can be considered as a “reference” cellar for dimensions and wine production. The goal is to find the best energy conversion system in terms of maximum profits, efficiency and share of renewable energy utilization. Four alternative design configurations are proposed, and each one optimized considering the three objectives. Results show that a 35% gain in the maximum profits is obtained by including a natural gas fueled CHP internal combustion engine and an absorption chiller. This configuration is also the best one to achieve the maximum efficiency (61%), resulting in 18% reduction of primary energy consumption. Conversely, the utilization of a biomass boiler and an absorption chiller allows maximizing the share of renewable energy consumption, which is about 35% considering the existing availability of biomass from pruning harvesting and the relative limited surface available for photovoltaic generation. This option may become economically interesting when the price of natural gas increases of at least 50%.