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The sum of the people : how the census has shaped nations, from the ancient world to the modern age
Provides a 3,000-year history of the census, chronicling the practices of the ancient world through the Supreme Court rulings of today, examining how censuses have been used as tools of democracy, exclusion and mass surveillance.
Book
The 1926/27 Soviet polar census expeditions
In 1926/27 the Soviet Central Statistical Administration initiated several yearlong expeditions to gather primary data on the whereabouts, economy and living conditions of all rural peoples living in the Arctic and sub-Arctic at the end of the Russian civil war. Due partly to the enthusiasm of local geographers andethnographers, the Polar Census grew into a massive ethnological exercise, gathering not only basic demographic and economic data on every household but also a rich archive of photographs, maps, kinship charts, narrative transcripts and museum artifacts. To this day, it remains one of the most comprehensive surveys of a rural population anywhere. The contributors to this volume - all noted scholars in their region - have conducted long-term fieldwork with the descendants of the people surveyed in 1926/27. This volume is the culmination of eight years' work with the primary record cards and was supported by a number of national scholarly funding agencies in the UK, Canada and Norway. It is a unique historical, ethnographical analysis and of immense value to scholars familiar with these communities' contemporary cultural dynamics and legacy.
eBook
Vanishing for the vote : suffrage, citizenship and the battle for the census
\"This book plunges the reader into the turbulent world of Edwardian politics, recorded so vividly at one dramatic moment, census night 1911. It is based upon a wealth of brand new documentary sources, written in participants' own hand.\"--P. [4] of cover.
Book
Response to Coomes & Allen (2009)aTesting the metabolic scaling theory of tree growtha
1.Coomes & Allen (2009) propose a new statistical method to test the Metabolic Scaling Theory prediction for tree growth rate size scaling (scaling constant alpha =1/3) presented in Enquist (1999). This method finds values of the scaling constant that yield standardized major axis (SMA) slopes of one in a comparison of allometrically transformed diameter census data. This SMA 'slope-of-one' method produces results that contrast with those generated by maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE; Russo, Wiser & Coomes 2007; Coomes & Allen 2009). 2.We hypothesize that the SMA slope-of-one method is inappropriate for this application because it assumes, unrealistically, that there is no biological or error variance in tree growth size scaling. To test our hypothesis, we simulate 'allometric' tree growth with biological and error variance in parameters and measurements. We find that the SMA slope-of-one method is sensitive to the amount of biological and error variance and consistently returns biassed parameter estimates, while the MLE method displays relatively little bias, particularly at larger sample sizes. 3.Synthesis. The conclusions of Coomes & Allen (2009) should be reconsidered in the light of our findings. Investigations of tree growth rate size scaling must consider the influence of biological and error variance in model-fitting procedures to ultimately unravel the effects of tree architecture and ecological factors on patterns of size-dependent growth.
Journal Article
Antecedents of censuses from medieval to nation states : how societies and states count
\"Antecedents of Censuses From Medieval to Nation States, the first of two volumes, examines the influence of social formations on censuses from the medieval period through current times. The authors argue that relative influence of states and societies is probably not linear, but depends on the actual historical configuration of the states and societies, as well as the type of population information being collected. They show how information gathering is an outcome of the interaction between states and social forces, and how social resistance to censuses has frequently circumvented their planning, prevented their implementation, and influenced their accuracy\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
America's Churning Races: Race and Ethnicity Response Changes Between Census 2000 and the 2010 Census
A person's racial or ethnic self-identification can change over time and across contexts, which is a component of population change not usually considered in studies that use race and ethnicity as variables. To facilitate incorporation of this aspect of population change, we show patterns and directions of individual-level race and Hispanic response change throughout the United States and among all federally recognized race/ethnic groups. We use internal U.S. Census Bureau data from the 2000 and 2010 censuses in which responses have been linked at the individual level (N = 162 million). Approximately 9.8 million people (6.1 %) in our data have a different race and/or Hispanic-origin response in 2010 than they did in 2000. Race response change was especially common among those reported as American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Other Pacific Islander, in a multiple-race response group, or Hispanic. People reported as non-Hispanic white, black, or Asian in 2000 usually had the same response in 2010 (3 %, 6 %, and 9 % of responses changed, respectively). Hispanic/non-Hispanic ethnicity responses were also usually consistent (13 % and 1 %, respectively, changed). We found a variety of response change patterns, which we detail. In many race/Hispanic response groups, we see population churn in the form of large countervailing flows of response changes that are hidden in cross-sectional data. We find that response changes happen across ages, sexes, regions, and response modes, with interesting variation across racial/ethnic categories. Researchers should address the implications of race and Hispanic-origin response change when designing analyses and interpreting results.
Journal Article
Response to Moultrie and Dorrington (2024): 'Problems and concerns with the 2022 South African census'
Statistics South Africa welcomes the opportunity to comment on the Commentary entitled 'Problems and concerns with the 2022 South African census'.1 The population and housing census (henceforth referred to as 'Census') takes place in South Africa every 10 years and represents a rich source of statistical information that is designed to guide planning and policy development as well as to guide sampling design for the next inter-censal period. Contrary to previous censuses in South Africa, the 2022 Census2 was South Africa's first digital census. A multi-modal approach was taken by collecting data using Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI), Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) as well as in person with a digital data collection instrument, Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI), and data collection hinged on a geographic digital frame. Whilst all censuses were de facto, including Census 2022, the 2022 Census enumeration period extended over a 4-month period from February to May 2022.
Journal Article
Comparisons of individual- and area-level socioeconomic status as proxies for individual-level measures: evidence from the Mortality Disparities in American Communities study
Background
Area-level measures are often used to approximate socioeconomic status (SES) when individual-level data are not available. However, no national studies have examined the validity of these measures in approximating individual-level SES.
Methods
Data came from ~ 3,471,000 participants in the Mortality Disparities in American Communities study, which links data from 2008 American Community Survey to National Death Index (through 2015). We calculated correlations, specificity, sensitivity, and odds ratios to summarize the concordance between individual-, census tract-, and county-level SES indicators (e.g., household income, college degree, unemployment). We estimated the association between each SES measure and mortality to illustrate the implications of misclassification for estimates of the SES-mortality association.
Results
Participants with high individual-level SES were more likely than other participants to live in high-SES areas. For example, individuals with high household incomes were more likely to live in census tracts (
r
= 0.232; odds ratio [OR] = 2.284) or counties (
r
= 0.157; OR = 1.325) whose median household income was above the US median. Across indicators, mortality was higher among low-SES groups (all
p
< .0001). Compared to county-level, census tract-level measures more closely approximated individual-level associations with mortality.
Conclusions
Moderate agreement emerged among binary indicators of SES across individual, census tract, and county levels, with increased precision for census tract compared to county measures when approximating individual-level values. When area level measures were used as proxies for individual SES, the SES-mortality associations were systematically underestimated. Studies using area-level SES proxies should use caution when selecting, analyzing, and interpreting associations with health outcomes.
Journal Article