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This paper first briefly introduces the early warning indicators and techniques of G-induced human loss of consciousness that is G-LOC under G load action,and puts forward the necessity of exploring and studying EMG signal under G load. EMG signals of the human body are obtained from the human centrifuge, and EMG under G load is analyzed by using the two-condition analysis method in foreign literature. Different from the research in foreign literature, in addition to studying the EMG characteristics under centrifuge G load, the change characteristics of EMG at other muscles are also investigated. The effectiveness of EMG for early warning of G-LOC is explored. The result verifies the efficiency of the two-condition analysis method, suggesting that the specific parameters at the particular parts show characteristic change, which is valuable for early warning of G-LOC under high G load. At the same time, it further proves that the EMG change of gastrocnemius is more effective than that of tibialis anterior. The study lays a foundation for the follow-up research on monitoring and early warning technology of G-LOC by EMG and has important reference value.

Centrifuge model tests on slopes subject to shaking and rainfall have been performed to examine the response of slopes with shaking-induced cracks to subsequent rainfall and evaluate the corresponding landslide-triggering mechanisms. The failure pattern of the slope subject to shaking and then rainfall was found different from that of the slope subject to only rainfall. When shaking caused cracks on the slope shoulder and rupture line below, the mobilized soil slid along the slip surface that extended to the rupture line, the main crack became the crown of the undisturbed ground once the slope was subject to a subsequent rain event, and the progression of the landslide was related to the rainfall intensity. During the landslide caused by light rainfall, the main scarp kept exposing itself in the vertically downward direction while the ground behind the main crack in the crack-containing slope remained undisturbed. The detrimental effect of cracks on soil displacement was more evident when the slope was exposed to heavy post-shaking rainfall, resulting in a rapid and massive landslide. Additionally, the volume of displaced material of the landslide, the main scarp area on the upper edge, and the zone of accumulation were larger in the crack-containing slope subject to heavy rainfall, in comparison with those in the crack-free slope. The deformation pattern of slopes with shaking-induced cracks during rainfall was closely related to rainfall intensity and the factor of safety provided a preliminary estimation of slope stability during rainfall. Moreover, even when subjected to the same rainfall, the slopes with antecedent shaking-induced cracks displayed different levels of deformation. The slope that experienced larger shaking had greater deformation under the following rainfall, and the shaking-induced slope deformation also controlled the slip surface location. Finally, the velocity of rainfall-induced landslide could be greatly influenced by the prior shaking event alone. Despite being under light rainfall, the slope that has encountered intense previous shaking exhibited an instant landslide.

This paper presents the results of centrifuge tests on rainfall-induced instabilities in variably saturated slopes. The roles of rainfall intensity and initial conditions, such as slope angle, porosity and degree of saturation of the soil, in the failure initiation and postfailure kinematics are considered. The failure patterns, infiltration profile and deformation at prefailure and postfailure stages are characterized. The results indicate that rainfall-induced slope failures usually follow one of the following two failure modes, i.e. slide-to-flow and flowslide failure modes. The former pattern is characterized by soil mass flow after initial failure along a continuous shear surface, while the latter is more relevant to the rapid increase in the saturation at the slope surface, resulting in surface erosion channels followed by the acceleration of the soil mass. The flowslide failure pattern usually gives rise to several superficial shear surfaces and longer run-out distances. The rainfall intensity and profiles of the degree of saturation play the key roles in initiating the slope failure at the prefailure stage and subsequently in mobilizing the soil mass at the postfailure stage. Our test data, together with the data from the literature, are presented in two threshold curves to define the critical condition of slope failure under rainfall infiltration.

DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) technology has been widely employed to trace microbes assimilating target substrates. However, the fractions with labelled universal genes are sometimes difficult to distinguish when detected by quantitative real-time PCR. In this experiment, three paddy soils (AQ, CZ, and NB) were amended with 0.1% glucose containing .sup.13C at six levels, and DNA was then extracted after a 7-day incubation and subjected to isopycnic gradient centrifugation. The results showed that the amount of labelled DNA was notably related to the .sup.13C-glucose percentage, while the separation spans of 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes between labelled and unlabelled treatments became notably clearer when the [delta].sup.13C values of the total DNA were 90.9, 61.6, and 38.9â° and 256.2, 104.5 and 126.1â° in the AQ, CZ, and NB soils, respectively. Moreover, fractionated DNA was also labelled by determining the [delta].sup.13C values while adding only 5 atom% .sup.13C-glucose to the soil. The results suggest that the optimal labelling fractions were not always those fractions with the maximal gene abundance, and detecting the [delta].sup.13C values of the total and fractionated DNA was beneficial in estimating the results of DNA-SIP.

During the normal operation of the Huangdeng Hydropower Station's reservoir, many tensile cracks were observed on the surface of the bank slope below the elevation of 1805 m along the highway, causing significant damage to local residents' production and lives. On-site geological investigation, surface and inclinometer displacement monitoring were carried out, and the deformation characteristics of the Cheyiping landslide were analyzed. A controllable intensity rainfall simulator and a reservoir water level variation simulation system were designed in our laboratory. The lower section of the highway along the river in Cheyiping small village was chosen as the prototype, and a centrifuge model test of the reactivation of the Cheyiping ancient landslide induced by rainfall and reservoir water level fluctuations was performed. The characteristics of landslide deformation, pore water pressure, and earth pressure variation under the influence of rainfall and reservoir water level changes are investigated. The thorough analysis revealed that, even if the sliding surface is not deep, the sudden drop in reservoir water level remains the primary controlling factor of slope sliding. Because the permeability of the deposit is low, rainfall has a minor impact on this ancient landslide. The experimental results can be used to guide slope prevention and reservoir management in the Huangdeng Reservoir area.

In recent years, landslides induced by underground mining have attracted much attention as they cause great harm and early warning signals are difficult to detect. The key work of the early warning of a mining landslide is to clarify its initiation mechanism and evolution process. Due to the complexity of the deformation and failure of the goaf overburden and the lack of monitoring of the slope evolution process, the deformation and failure law and evolution characteristics of mining landslides have always been difficult to analyze. In this paper, a typical mining landslide, the Madaling landslide, was selected as the study object. The soft-hard interlayer structure of the slope was generalized and explored by centrifuge model tests and a 3D discrete element model. The results showed that the evolution of the Madaling landslide are divided into four stages: (I) the bending and collapse of the goaf overburden, the slope settlement and the formation of tensile cracks at the trailing edge; (II) the upwards extension of the subsidence cracks of the rock mass; (III) the occurrence of shear cracks in the rock mass, with gradual slope deformation as a whole; and (IV) the connection of shear cracks, with the initiation of landslides. The long-term gravity creep of soft rock and the extension of trailing edge tensile cracks cause the internal rock mass of the slope to become the key block controlling slope stability. The slope surface displacement (S)-time (t) curve of mining landslides is divided into the settlement stage, rock mass crack development stage and landslide evolution stage. The formation time of shear cracks in the rock mass crack development stage is a sign of the transformation of subsidence into a landslide. The relationship between the horizontal displacement and the depth of the rock mass effectively reflects the development stage of shear cracks. The horizontal and vertical displacement of the deep rock mass can serve as the early warning criterion for mining landslides.

This article presents a novel design of a temperature calibration device and calibration procedure for refrigerated centrifuge. The temperature calibration results of 8 typical types of refrigerated centrifuges and the uncertainty analysis shows that the calibration device and calibration procedure presented in this article can meet the requirements of the temperature calibration for refrigerated centrifuge and ensure the temperature reliability of refrigerated centrifuge in its daily use.

This paper designs a measuring and detecting device for medical centrifuges. The device integrates the measurement of rotational speed, temperature, and time. The photoelectric tachometer was transformed into a laser speed detection module to adapt to the rotational speed measurement of the closed centrifuge and a wireless temperature detection module could be inserted into the slot of the centrifuge tube to measure the temperature of the tube position when the centrifuge rotates at a high speed. This method achieved reliable and accurate measurement of the speed, temperature, and time of various centrifuges with low costs.

The many functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes and microvesicles released from healthy cells have been well characterized, particularly in relation to their roles in immune modulation. Apoptotic bodies, a major class of EV released as a product of apoptotic cell disassembly, and other types of EVs released from dying cells are also becoming recognized as key players in this emerging field. There is now increasing evidence to suggest that EVs produced during apoptosis have important immune regulatory roles, a concept relevant across different disease settings including autoimmunity, cancer, and infection. Therefore, this review focuses on how the formation of EVs during apoptosis could be a key mechanism of immune modulation by dying cells.

The multi-row stabilizing piles have been applied in the stabilization of large-scale reservoir landslides in recent years. However, the mechanical behavior and deformation characteristics of the multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced reservoir landslides have rarely been investigated. This study takes the Taping landslide, a large-scale reservoir landslide in China, as a prototype. Two centrifuge tests were conducted to study the deformation and failure characteristics of the multi-row stabilizing piles reinforced reservoir landslide with two different row spacings. The result shows that the reservoir water level (RWL) drawdown operation induced the soil movement and high downslope driving force, further causing a significant increase in bending moments at the lower section of the piles, with peaking near the sliding zone; eventually, bending deformation and failure occurred more easily near the sliding zone. The downslope part of the piles can change the mechanical transmission behavior of the multi-row stabilizing piles in reservoir landslides. Small row spacing can enhance the mechanical connection between the rows of piles and raise the overall reinforcement capacity of the piles. The large row spacing weakens the mechanical connection between the rows of piles, and the mechanical states of the pile in different rows are relatively independent. As a result, the piles are easily damaged one by one from the first row to the last row, and the overall reinforcement capacity of the multi-row stabilizing piles is poor.