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Anorthite-based glazes are highly valued in the ceramics industry for their ease of crystallization under fast-firing conditions and their ability to impart excellent mechanical and aesthetic properties. This study investigates the effects of P 2 O 5 on the thermal properties, microstructure, microhardness, and optical characteristics of anorthite-based glazes. The results indicate that the addition of P 2 O 5 led to a reduction in both the glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature of the glazes. Furthermore, the increased intensity of the exothermic peak associated with crystallization suggests a greater amount of crystal formation in the P 2 O 5 -added glazes. In all compositions, anorthite was identified as the dominant phase. Moreover, an increased P 2 O 5 content resulted in a higher number of anorthite crystals, while concurrently reducing their size. Glazes with P 2 O 5 addition exhibited higher hardness values compared to those without P 2 O 5 . This outcome is attributed to the enhanced crystallization of the anorthite phase, as confirmed by DTA, XRD, and SEM analyses.

With the popularization of the Internet and the rapid development of information technology, the types and quantities of data are increasing at an unprecedented rate. We are in an era of ever-increasing data penetration, and “big data” has arrived. Nowadays, all walks of life are using big data, and human production and life can no longer leave big data. It has been widely used in many fields, including large-scale hydropower and ceramic glaze. This article mainly introduces the literature reference research method, analytic hierarchy process and investigation research method. This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process to analyze the application of big data in ceramic glaze, and establishes a potential mathematical model. The model is solved by the analytic hierarchy process, and the application status of big data in ceramic glazes is studied, and the model is revised using historical data to improve the accuracy of the application status of big data in ceramic glazes. The experimental results of this paper show that the analytic hierarchy process increases the efficiency of the application research of big data in ceramic glazes by 13%, and reduces the rate of false alarms and false alarms. Finally, by comparing the application value analysis of big data in ceramic art glaze and the modernization demand analysis of ceramic art glaze, the influence of the application of big data in ceramic art glaze is systematically explained.

Due to the high sintering temperature of traditional ceramics, most photocatalytic substances in the ceramic glaze will lose efficacy. In this study, the photocatalyst of ZnO-Zn2TiO4 were synthesized by the sol-hydrothermal method and sintered at 1300 ℃. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO-Zn2TiO4 was tested by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation at room temperature. Then, selecting the best catalytic effect of ZnO-Zn2TiO4 was mixed with the ceramic glaze and sintered at 1300 ℃, which was also tested by the degradation of MB. The results showed that when the ZnO-Zn2TiO4 was the molar ratio of Ti:Zn = 1:8 and added into the ceramic glaze with 15% mass percentage after sintering 1300 ℃, it exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency in degrading MB. This study presents a novel approach for preparing high-temperature (1300 ℃) glazes with enhanced photocatalytic properties.

Industrial solid waste fly ash has been widely applied in various fields as a resource for waste repurposing. The use of fly ash can significantly reduce production costs and at the same time reduce environmental pollution to achieve sustainability. This study explores the feasibility of using fly ash as a raw material to formulate high-temperature ceramic glazes, examining the composition, surface phases, and texture patterns of the resultant glazes. This study systematically assesses the impact of formulation modifications on glazing qualities by XRF, XRD, and SEM testing methods. The results show that 1. in high-temperature glazes, the element that determines the degree of transparency in the surface phase is the Ti content; 2. Zinc and Ferrum are important factors that can fine-tune the color shade and crystal mention; and 3. controlling the fly ash content in the glaze can change its color and texture. The novelty of this paper lies in utilizing fly ash to create high-performance, high-value-added ceramic products that feature unique aesthetics and artistic effects. In the future, we can investigate the influence of fly ash on glaze coloration, and the formation of different texture effects, as well as achieve specific color mixing.

Glazes primarily utilize raw minerals like kaolinite. However, considering sustainable development, employing industrial solid waste offers greener design solutions and high economic efficiency. This study employs multiple analytical methods, including XRF, XRD, and SEM, to investigate the feasibility of replacing traditional glaze materials entirely with solid waste. It elucidates the mechanisms underlying changes in texture and color resulting from alterations in microstructure and chemical composition. Research on five different ratios of ceramic glaze composed of fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, coal gangue, and desulfurization gypsum reveals that the implementation of solid waste-based glazes is feasible. The glazes formed a SiO2–Al2O3–CaO system surface, all exhibiting anorthite and diopside as the primary crystalline forms. The results are as follows: 1. The content of Ca and Mg depends on the overall proportion of elements, with a Ca threshold of approximately 28%. Below this threshold, characteristics such as surface roughness and porosity are observed. Above this threshold, as seen in G3 and G4, crystal distribution becomes more dense. 2. Si is the key factor controlling crystal variation. Sample G5 exhibits good crystal continuity. Visually, its color appears distinctly deep red. 3. Samples G1 and G2 both contain approximately 4.8 wt% Fe2O3, but G2 exhibits more crystalline precipitation. Visually, G2 appears more reddish-yellow than G1. Higher crystallinity yields superior coloration.

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of the addition of strontium oxide on the recrystallization of zirconium silicate when adding strontium oxide to the glaze composition. Zirconia glazes (four different contents) were prepared, to which strontium oxide was added in amounts of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 mass% SrO. The characteristic temperatures of the raw glazes were measured, based on which the maximum firing temperatures were determined. The fired glazes were subjected to a study of their phase compositions and an observation of their microstructures. An analysis of the characteristic temperatures showed a fluxing effect, but it was not as strong for all glazes. Differences in the amount of the crystalline phase of zirconium silicate obtained in the fired glazes, as well as the partial transition of zirconium silicate to the amorphous phase, were observed. Observations of the microstructure clearly indicated an increase in the homogeneity of the distribution of zirconium silicate.

A frit is a glassy ceramic composition that has been fused, quenched, and granulated. A single frit or a mixture of frits and ceramic materials forms a ceramic glaze. The purpose of this pre-fusion is to render any soluble and/or toxic components insoluble by rendering it inert in a glassy composition with silica and other added oxides. The ceramic glaze dispersed in water (ceramic slip) is deposited on a ceramic body and fired for waterproofing and aesthetic purposes. Multicomponent frits (zinc-potassium borosilicate system) with similar behavior to conventional ceramic frits for single-firing ceramic glazes (“monoporosa” glazes fired at 1080 °C) were prepared by Sol-Gel methods (monophasic and polyphasic gels) avoiding the pre-fusion and characterized as photocatalytic agents (showing high degradation activity on Orange II). The effect of doping with bandgap modifiers (V 2 O 5 , Sb 2 O 5 and SnO 2 ) and also with devitrification agents (ZrO 2 to crystallize zircon, Al 2 O 3 to anorthite, Mo 2 O 3 to powellite and ZnO to gahnite ZnAl 2 O 4 ) were analyzed. Multicomponent frits (zinc-potassium borosilicate system) with similar behavior to conventional ceramic frits for single-firing glazes (1080 °C) prepared by Sol-Gel methods (monophasic and polyphasic gels), without pre-fusion, shows photocatalytic activity. Highlights Multicomponent frits (zinc-potassium borosilicate system) with similar behavior to conventional ceramic frits were prepared by Sol-Gel methods without pre-fusion. Zinc and potassium borosilicate-based glaze, modified with alumina and calcium, is considered the optimum for conventional applications, and shows a moderate photoactivity with a half-life period of 77 min. Doping with bandgap modifiers enhances the photoactivity; V 2 O 5 or SnO 2 show good photoactivity in the 5 w% sample (t 1/2  = 55 and 58 min, respectively). Doping with devitrification agents (ZrO 2 to crystallize zircon, Al 2 O 3 to anorthite, Mo 2 O 3 to powellite and ZnO to gahnite ZnAl 2 O 4 ) shows that the photocatalytic activity is low, similar or lower than the SG4 zinc-potassium borosilicate parent glaze.

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This topic is based on the research and development of inorganic silver-loaded antibacterial materials with good antibacterial activity, and the preparation of silver-loaded calcium carbonate inorganic nano-antibacterial agents by redox reaction. At the same time, the mixed rare earth oxide was added to the ceramic glaze containing silver nano antibacterial agent, and the nano antibacterial building sanitary ceramics were prepared by firing at 1180 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere. This experiment investigated the effect of adding mixed rare earth oxides on the quality and properties of glaze. Experiments show that the new glaze has stronger antibacterial effect than the nano antibacterial glaze without mixed rare earth oxide, and the glaze quality is good. After adding 0.5 wt% of mixed rare earth oxide, the whiteness, abrasion resistance, hardness and thermal shock resistance of the glaze were significantly improved.This topic is based on the research and development of inorganic silver-loaded antibacterial materials with good antibacterial activity, and the preparation of silver-loaded calcium carbonate inorganic nano-antibacterial agents by redox reaction. At the same time, the mixed rare earth oxide was added to the ceramic glaze containing silver nano antibacterial agent, and the nano antibacterial building sanitary ceramics were prepared by firing at 1180 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere. This experiment investigated the effect of adding mixed rare earth oxides on the quality and properties of glaze. Experiments show that the new glaze has stronger antibacterial effect than the nano antibacterial glaze without mixed rare earth oxide, and the glaze quality is good. After adding 0.5 wt% of mixed rare earth oxide, the whiteness, abrasion resistance, hardness and thermal shock resistance of the glaze were significantly improved.

Gold and silver salt mixtures are incorporated in ceramic glazes for in situ development of mixtures of gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) that subsequently allow for a wide spectrum of low metal loading color control within ceramic materials. Prior work has shown that gold NPs can be used to create vibrant, color-rich red pigments in high-temperature ceramic and glass applications, though the achievable diameter of the gold NP ultimately limits the available range of color. The current study significantly expands color control from traditional gold nanoparticle red through silver nanoparticle green via the alteration of gold-to-silver salt ratios incorporated in the glaze formulations prior to sintering. Nanoparticle-based coloring systems are tested in both oxidative and reductive firing atmospheres. While the oxidation environment is found to be prohibitive for silver NP stability, the reductive atmosphere is able to form and sustain mixtures of gold and silver NPs across a wide color spectrum. All glazes are analyzed via reflectance spectrometry for color performance and samples are characterized via TEM and EDS for composition and sizing trends. This study creates new groundwork for a color-controlled NP system based on noble metal ratio blends that are both nontoxic and achieved with radically lower metal pigment loading than traditional glazes.