Explore the vast range of titles available.

This review discusses the groundbreaking advancements in electric current-assisted sintering techniques, specifically Flash Sintering (FS) and Ultrafast High-Temperature Sintering (UHS), for their application in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). These innovative sintering methods have demonstrated remarkable potential in enhancing the efficiency and quality of SOFC manufacturing by significantly lowering sintering temperatures and durations, thereby mitigating energy consumption and cost. By providing a detailed overview of the mechanisms, process parameters, and material characteristics associated with FS and UHS, this paper sheds light on their pivotal role in the fabrication of SOFC components such as electrolytes, electrodes, multilayered materials, and interconnect coatings. The advantages, challenges, and prospective opportunities of these sintering technologies in propelling SOFC advancements are thoroughly assessed, underlining their transformative impact on the future of clean and efficient energy production technologies.

The development of environmentally friendly technologies, including additive technologies, contributes to the formation of sustainable production in city multifloor manufacturing clusters (CMFMCs). This paper discusses an approach to the implementation of energy-intensive technological processes in such clusters using examples of the manufacturing of ceramic and metal–ceramic products. The manufacturing of ceramic and metal–ceramic products in high-temperature furnaces is associated with an increased electricity consumption. The use of modern ceramic micro- and nanopowders makes it possible to switch to more energy-saving technologies by reducing the sintering temperature and shortening the technological cycle. This requires the use of additional activating and inhibiting additives in the initial powder mixtures to obtain products with the necessary physical and mechanical properties. The purpose of this paper is to present a model and indicators to assess the energy efficiency of the choice of sintering technology of foam ceramic filters for smart sustainable production management within CMFMCs. The use of the proposed indicators for assessing the energy efficiency of sintering foam ceramic filters makes it possible to improve the technological process and reduce the completion time of its thermal cycle by 19%, and reduce the maximum heating temperature by 20% to 1350 °C. The adoption of a different oxide technological alternative and the use of the proposed model and indicators to assess the energy efficiency of the sintering technology of foam ceramic filters allows to choose less energy-intensive equipment and save up to 40% in electricity. The proposed model to assess the energy efficiency of the sintering technology of foam ceramic filters can be used to control their production under the power consumption limitations within the CMFMCs.

(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image) In this study, a series of Ba0.99Ca0.01Zr0.02Ti0.98O3-x mol.% Cu (BCZT-xCu) ceramics were fabricated with a conventional solid state reaction method. The effects of sintering temperature and doping level of Cu ions on the microstructure development and electrical properties were studied systematically. The optimal sintering temperature could be lowered by 200°C compared to pure BCZT ceramics, due to the addition of Cu. Optimized properties were obtained for BCZT-2.0 mol.% Cu ceramics sintered at 1250°C, showing improved ferroelectric properties with a high remnant polarization (P r = 8.25 [mu]C/cm2) and a low coercive field (E c = 0.395 kV/mm). Of particular significance is that the dielectric properties were found to show high thermal stability. The dielectric constant ... is within the scope of 1900-2350, while the dielectric loss (tanδ) is in the range of 1.15-2.2% within a temperature range of 30-105°C. In general, the BCZT-2.0Cu ceramics mainly display the characteristic of normal ferroelectrics.

Water treatment plant (WTP) sludge is actively used in building materials production. The object of this research was modifying additives for ceramic bricks from WTP aluminium-containing sludge. The research aim of this study was to determine the suitability of a million-plus population city’s WTP sludge as a burning-out additive in the production of structural ceramics and to establish the optimal conditions for obtaining products with the best characteristics. The raw water belongs to water belongs to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group, and it is of low turbidity (1.5–40 mg/L kaolin). Sludge, sourced from WTP sedimentation tanks, was dewatered by adding lime or by using the freezing-thawing method. The spray-dried WTP sludge is introduced into the clay in amounts of 5% to 20% by weight. The addition of 20% reduces the sensitivity of the clay to drying, reduces the density of ceramic by 20% and simultaneously increases its compressive strength from 7.0 to 10.2 MPa. The use of WTP sludge as a modifying additive, pretreated by the freezing-thawing method, makes it possible to obtain ceramic bricks with improved properties. The results can be used for WTP sludge containing aluminium obtained by treating water of medium turbidity and medium colour.

A significant improvement in sinterability of B4C was achieved at a relatively low temperature by applying high pressure (2 GPa) and adding a small amount (5 wt pct) of Ni. The sintered B4C and Ni powder mixture showed improved hardness in the range of 21 to 32 GPa and improved modulus as compared to the sintered B4C powder without additive. This is mostly attributed to the formation of Ni4B3, as characterized by Reitveld refinement method and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which enhances the bonding between B4C particles. These results provide a new avenue toward the development of sintering of B4C at relatively low temperatures (<0.5T m of B4C).

This study presents a review of progress in the sol-gel method for the synthesis of powders of ferroelectric ceramics based on the PbTiO 3 –PbZrO 3 system, which involves the controlled hydrolysis of the mixtures of salts or organometallic compounds of lead, zirconium, and titanium. To obtain materials based on the PbTiO 3 –PbZrO 3 system, attention is paid to the sol-gel conditions, heat treatment conditions, raw materials, conditions to obtain precursors, gels drying, and PbTiO 3 –PbZrO 3 powder crystallization.

Among various applications of the gyrotrons to the fundamental physical research and to the high-power terahertz science and technologies, the material treatment based on the irradiation by millimeter and sub-millimeter waves is both one of the oldest and most advanced (industrial grade) technologies. In this paper, we present the recent advancements and the current status of both the development of gyrotron-based technological systems and their utilization for processing of diverse advanced materials. The current status of the work in this broad field worldwide is illustrated mainly by representative results obtained during the longstanding (more than 20 years since 1999) and fruitful collaboration between the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP-RAS) and Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui (FIR-UF).

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is the elucidation of certain mechanisms of laser material processing in general and laser micro sintering in particular. One major intention is to emphasize the synergism of the various effects of q-switched laser pulses upon metal and ceramic powder material and to point out the non-equilibrium character of reaction steps.Design methodology approach - Recent results and observations, obtained in development of \"laser micro sintering,\" are surveyed and analyzed. By breaking down the overall process into relevant steps and considering their possible kinetics, an approach is made towards interpreting specific phenomena of laser micro sintering. Thermodynamics upon heating of the material as well as its photo-electronic response to the incident radiation are considered.Findings - The findings corroborate a model whereby short pulses of high intensity provide non-equilibrium pressure conditions at the location of incidence, that allow for the melting of metal powder with an almost immediate expansion of a plasma and or vapor bulb. Thereby the molten material is condensed and propelled towards the substrate. A final boiling eruption after each pulse is the reason for the morphology of the laser micro-sintered surfaces and can prevent oxidation when the process is conducted under normal atmosphere. In sintering of ceramics, the short pulsed and intensive radiation increases the chance to excite the material even with photon energies below the bandgap value and it lowers the risk of running into a destructive avalanche.Research limitations implications - Owing to the stochastic character of the respective sintering event, that is initiated by each individual pulse, the gathered data are not suitable yet for the formulation of an exact quantitative function between sintering behavior and laser parameters.Practical implications - The qualitative findings yield a good rule of thumb for the choice of parameters in laser sintering on a micrometer scale and the model is conducive for advanced interpretation of other phenomena in laser material processing besides sintering.Originality value - The kinetics and thermodynamics of laser sintering with q-switched pulses are approached by a qualitative explanation. The heterogeneous and non-equilibrium character of the processes is taken into account; this character is often neglected by researchers in the area.

The effects of CuO addition on phase composition, microstructure, sintering behavior, and microwave dielectric properties of 0.80Sm(Mg^sub 0.5^Ti^sub 0.5^)O3-0.20 Ca^sub 0.8^Sr^sub 0.2^TiO3(8SMT-2CST) ceramics prepared by a conventional solid-state ceramic route have been studied. CuO addition shows no obvious influence on the phase of the 8SMT-2CST ceramics and all the samples exhibit pure perovskite structure. Appropriate CuO addition can effectively promote sintering and grain growth, and consequently improve the dielectric properties of the ceramics. The sintering temperature of the ceramics decreases by 50°C by adding 1.00 wt.%CuO. Superior microwave dielectric properties with a [straight epsilon] ^sub r^ of 29.8, Q × f of 85,500 GHz, and τ ^sub f^ of 2.4 ppm/°C are obtained for 1.00 wt.%CuO doped 8SMT-2CST ceramics sintered at 1500°C, which shows dense and uniform microstructure as well as well-developed grain growth.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Mechanical properties of ceramic materials are closely related to the grain size, and control the ceramic material grain size is the key to increase mechanical properties of materials. Study on the theory of ceramic sintering grain growth model, such as solid phase sintering, liquid phase sintering and master sintering curve (MSC) and so on. Grain growth model not only can be used to guide the actual production design, but also can be used as a computer simulation tools. It is suggest that before use any grain growth model must modify their express from traditional model, and check the equation is correct that it is agree with the result of re-experiment.