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Cosmetic industries are highly committed to finding natural sources of functional active constituents preferable to safer materials to meet consumers’ demands. Marine macroalgae have diversified bioactive constituents and possess potential benefits in beauty care products. Hence, the present study was carried out to characterize the biochemical profile of marine macroalga Chaetomorpha crassa by using different techniques for revealing its cosmetic potentials. In results, the FTIR study characterized the presence of different bioactive functional groups that are responsible for many skin-beneficial compounds whereas six and fifteen different important phycocompounds were found in GCMS analysis of ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively. In the saccharide profile of C. crassa, a total of eight different carbohydrate derivatives were determined by the HRLCMS Q-TOF technique, which showed wide varieties of cosmetic interest. In ICP AES analysis, Si was found to be highest whereas Cu was found to be lowest among other elements. A total of twenty-one amino acids were measured by the HRLCMS-QTOF technique, which revealed the highest amount of the amino acid, Aspartic acid (1207.45 nmol/mL) and tyrosine (106.77 nmol/mL) was found to be the lowest in amount among other amino acids. Their cosmetic potentials have been studied based on previous research studies. The incorporation of seaweed-based bioactive components in cosmetics has been extensively growing due to its skin health-promoting effects.

The coastal of Lhok Bubon at West Aceh district, Aceh Province is ideal habitat for macro algae, such as Chaetomorpha crassa. The objectives of this paper is to analyse the antioxidant activity of C. crassa; to determine their antioxidant activities correlation with total phenolic contents with different extract of marine macroalgae. The C. crassa samples were collected from the coastal area of Lhok Bubon, West Aceh District (latitude 4011'51.07\"N; longitude 9601'42.33\"E) Aceh Province, Indonesia in June 2017. Several assay by laboratory approach including chemical composition, extraction, phytochemical screening, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP assays and measurement of total phenolic content (TPC) was used. The result showed that the antioxidant activities of three extract of green algae C.crassa clearly indicated that they possess antioxidant activity in different method including DPPH, CUPRAC and FRAP. The correlation has indicated to correlate positively between the total phenol content and antioxidant activity with three methods of antioxidant activity.

High cellulose contents have been found in the thalli of species belonging to the green seaweed genus Chaetomorpha, indicating that they have high potential of cultivating for bioethanol production. The aim of this study was to produce critical information as a guide for the selection of suitable Chaetomorpha species from coastal areas of Japan for commercial cultivation. Three common Japanese Chaetomorpha species, Chaetomorpha crassa, Chaetomorpha moniligera, and Chaetomorpha spiralis, were collected from Matsushima Bay, northern Japan. A series of laboratory experiments were set up to compare photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and growth, and tolerance of high temperature and low salinity. Compared with C. spiralis and C. moniligera, C. crassa exhibited significantly greater photosynthesis and growth, which was likely related to its greater nutrient uptake ability. In addition, C. crassa showed higher survival at high temperatures of 30 and 35 °C, and at low salinities of 8–4 psu. Therefore, due to its greater growth ability and higher physiological tolerance to high temperature and low salinity, C. crassa should be considered a suitable candidate with great potential for mass cultivation.

Mass cultivation of the chlorophyte Chaetomorpha crassa has the potential to serve as a biological filter for the reduction of eutrophication in summertime Japanese waters. In order to clarify the suitability of C. crassa for this purpose, seasonal changes in its photosynthesis, growth, NO3–N uptake, nitrogen content, and salinity tolerance were investigated trimonthly from May 2011 to February 2012, with samples collected in Nagatsuraura Lagoon, northern Japan. Significant effects of seawater temperature on photosynthesis, growth, and nitrogen accumulation were also detected in all four seasons, and all parameters at summer temperatures (24–28 °C) were significantly greater than those at the temperatures of other seasons (8–20 °C). Moreover, compared to the other three seasons, C. crassa showed significantly higher growth rates at 16–4 psu and higher survival percentages at 8–2 psu during the summer. In conclusion, due to its high capacity for growth and nitrogen accumulation, and greater physiological tolerance of low salinity during the elevated temperature period, large-scale cultivation of C. crassa could play a significant role in the bioremediation of both saline and brackish waters during summer.

Gracilaria belongs to the class of red algae (Rhodophyta), it has many subtypes with different morphology and anatomy. The epiphytes that often attack Gracilaria are Chaetomorpha crassa epiphytes; they trap Gracilaria and have a negative effect such as nutrient competition, inhibiting the light penetration and reducing the growth rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Chaetomorpha crassa epiphytes on the amount of chlorophyll-a and the growth of Gracilaria verrucosa. The treatment used was an epiphyte mass of Chaetomorpha crassa by as much as 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the mass of Gracilaria verrucosa. The analysis of the data used Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) and continued with further tests using Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that Chaetomorpha crassa had no effect on the amount of chlorophyll-a, but that it affected the absolute weight growth and daily growth rate. The amount of chlorophyll-a, absolute weight growth, daily growth rate, and best long growth were obtained in treatment A (control). The amount of chlorophyll-a, absolute weight growth, and daily growth rate was 0.3110 μg / ml, 0.93 gram, and 1.68% per day respectively.

The subcellular distribution of membrane-bound ATPases was compared among terrestrial plants, seagrasses and marine algae by cytochemical techniques. High ATPase activity was detected in the copiously invaginated plasma membrane that was characteristic of transfer cells but not in the tonoplast of epidermal cells in mature leaves of seagrasses. Magnesium- or Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity was induced together with the characteristics of transfer cells during the development of leaf tissues able to resist seawater. Northern hybridization revealed the effective induction of the synthesis of mRNA for plasma-membrane H+-ATPase during the development of leaves. Such high ATPase activity was not detected in the smooth plasma membranes of marine macro-algae but was found in the membranes of some cytoplasmic vesicles or microvacuoles, providing evidence of the excretion of salts by exocytosis. It appears, therefore, that two essentially different methods for excreting excess salts have developed separately in these two classes of marine plants. The evolution of mechanisms of salt tolerance in the plant kingdom is discussed in terms of the differential subcellular distribution of ATPase activity.