Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
157,325
result(s) for
"Chemical weapons."
Sort by:
Chemical weapons
Discusses the use of chemical weapons in warfare and as crowd control, describing specific chemicals, their effects, defenses against them, and how they've been employed, including the use of mustard gas in World War I.
Book
A new challenge in chemicalweapons monitoring
To ensure the health and safety of staff members during inspections, the OPCW needs the best understanding of these chemicals' properties, the types of personal protective equipment and medical countermeasures that are effective against them and the analytical methods for detecting them. In the case of the newly added compounds to the Chemical Weapons Convention, information sharing could be approached in a stepwise fashion to build confidence. The Chemical Weapons Convention is widely considered to be the world's most successful international disarmament treaty, because it has eliminated an entire category of weapons of mass destruction.
Journal Article
Synthesis and in vitro assessment of the reactivation profile of clinically available oximes on the acetylcholinesterase model inhibited by A-230 nerve agent surrogate
The risk of the use of toxic chemicals for unlawful acts has been a matter of concern for different governments and multilateral agencies. The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which oversees the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), considering recent events employing chemical warfare agents as means of assassination, has recently included in the CWC “Annex on Chemicals” some organophosphorus compounds that are regarded as acting in a similar fashion to the classical G- and V-series of nerve agents, inhibiting the pivotal enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Therefore, knowledge of the activity of the pyridinium oximes, the sole class of clinically available acetylcholinesterase reactivators to date, is plainly justified. In this paper, continuing our research efforts in medicinal chemistry on this class of toxic chemicals, we synthesized an A-230 nerve agent surrogate and applied a modified Ellman’s assay to evaluate its ability to inhibit our enzymatic model, acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus eel, and if the clinically available antidotes are able to rescue the enzyme activity for the purpose of relating the findings to the previously disclosed in silico data for the authentic nerve agent and other studies with similar A-series surrogates. Our experimental data indicates that pralidoxime is the most efficient compound for reactivating acetylcholinesterase inhibited by A-230 surrogate, which is the opposite of the in silico data previously disclosed.
Journal Article
Biological & chemical warfare
Examines the issues of biological and chemical warfare, including its historical background leading up to its current and future impact on society. The Hague Peace Conventions, the Geneva Protocol, and the Chemical Weapons Convention are discussed in detail. Programs that protect the United States against biological or chemical attack are also introduced.
Book
Poor Man's Atomic Bomb? Exploring the Relationship between \Weapons of Mass Destruction\
The causes and consequences of nuclear proliferation have received a great deal of academic attention. However, nuclear weapons are rarely discussed in isolation in policy circles. Instead, nuclear weapons are relevant as part of a category of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) that includes chemical and biological weapons (CBWs). Are the factors that drive CBWs proliferation similar to those that drive nuclear proliferation? What is the relationship between these weapons types? In this article, we explore whether nuclear weapons and CBWs serve as complements or substitutes. Using newly collected data on both CBWs pursuit and possession over time, we find that nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons generally function as complements at the pursuit stage. In addition, countries that acquire nuclear weapons become less interested in pursuing other types of WMDs and are even willing to give them up in some cases.
Journal Article
Advice from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on isotopically labelled chemicals and stereoisomers in relation to the Chemical Weapons Convention
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international disarmament treaty that prohibits the development, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. This treaty has 193 States Parties (nations for which the treaty is binding) and entered into force in 1997. The CWC contains schedules of chemicals that have been associated with chemical warfare programmes. These scheduled chemicals must be declared by the States that possess them and are subject to verification by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW, the implementing body of the CWC). Isotopically labelled and stereoisomeric variants of the scheduled chemicals have presented ambiguities for interpretation of the requirements of treaty implementation, and advice was sought from the OPCW’s Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) in 2016. The SAB recommended that isotopically labelled compounds or stereoisomers related to the parent compound specified in a schedule should be interpreted as belonging to the same schedule. This advice should benefit scientists and diplomats from the CWC’s State Parties to help ensure a consistent approach to their declarations of scheduled chemicals (which in turn supports both the correctness and completeness of declarations under the CWC). Herein, isotopically labelled and stereoisomeric variants of CWC-scheduled chemicals are reviewed, and the impact of the SAB advice in influencing a change to national licensing in one of the State Parties is discussed. This outcome, an update to national licensing governing compliance to an international treaty, serves as an example of the effectiveness of science diplomacy within an international disarmament treaty.
Journal Article
Biological and chemical weapons
A compendium of opinion on issues surrounding biological weapons, bioterrorism, and chemical warfare.
Book
CHEMICAL WEAPONS IN UKRAINE? RESEARCHERS EVALUATE THE RISKS
[...]concern over President Vladimir Putin's intentions spiked on 28 March, when The Wall Street Journal reported that envoys and mediators in Russia-Ukraine peace talks earlier in the month had been poisoned - although at least one Ukrainian government source has reportedly denied the story. If inspectors have direct access in the immediate aftermath of an attack, they could collect samples - such as the by-products that nerve agents leave in the blood, or trace residues in the environment. There is precedent for this type of inspection, Trapp says: during the Syrian civil war, OPCW inspectors collected evidence in a war zone for the first time and reported that both chlorine and nerve agents had been used - something the Syrian government has denied.
Journal Article