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"Chen, Hong"
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Distinct Impacts of Western and Eastern Maritime Continent Convection on the South China Sea Tropical Cyclone Activity in Autumn
Convection anomalies in the eastern and western Maritime Continent (MC) during boreal autumn exhibit distinct characteristics and climatic effects, but their impacts on South China Sea (SCS) tropical cyclones (TCs) remain unclear. Here we reveal that the eastern MC convection mode, although it explains less convection variance, exerts strong influences on autumn SCS TCs by positioning anticyclonic anomalies directly over the SCS to suppress TC activity. In contrast, the western MC convection shifts the anticyclonic center toward the Indian Ocean and induces little impact on SCS TCs. Furthermore, the eastern MC convection is linked to Phase 2 + 3 and Phase 5 of intraseasonal Madden‐Julian Oscillation, which are phases that strongly impact SCS TCs. By examining both seasonal and intraseasonal timescales, this study highlights the multi‐timescale influences of regional MC convection on SCS TC activity and provides new insights into the climatic effects of shifting MC convection.
Journal Article
Differential Gene Expression in Ovaries of Qira Black Sheep and Hetian Sheep Using RNA-Seq Technique
The Qira black sheep and the Hetian sheep are two local breeds in the Northwest of China, which are characterized by high-fecundity and low-fecundity breed respectively. The elucidation of mRNA expression profiles in the ovaries among different sheep breeds representing fecundity extremes will helpful for identification and utilization of major prolificacy genes in sheep. In the present study, we performed RNA-seq technology to compare the difference in ovarian mRNA expression profiles between Qira black sheep and Hetian sheep. From the Qira black sheep and the Hetian sheep libraries, we obtained a total of 11,747,582 and 11,879,968 sequencing reads, respectively. After aligning to the reference sequences, the two libraries included 16,763 and 16,814 genes respectively. A total of 1,252 genes were significantly differentially expressed at Hetian sheep compared with Qira black sheep. Eight differentially expressed genes were randomly selected for validation by real-time RT-PCR. This study provides a basic data for future research of the sheep reproduction.
Journal Article
The human health burden of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica and Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne gastroenteritis in Shanghai, east China
Information on the burden of disease due to foodborne pathogens in China is quite limited. To understand the incidence of foodborne gastroenteritis due to non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica and Vibrio parahaemolyticus , population survey and sentinel hospital surveillance were conducted during July 2010 to June 2011 in Shanghai, east China, and a model for calculating disease burden was established. The multiplier for gastroenteritis caused by these pathogens was estimated at 59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 30–102]. Annual incidence per 100,000 population in Shanghai was estimated as 48 (95% CI 24–83) and 183 (95% CI 93–317) cases for foodborne non-typhoidal salmonellosis and V . parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis, respectively, illustrating that bacterial gastroenteritis due to these two pathogens poses a substantial health burden. There is a significant difference between our simulated incidence and the data actually reported for foodborne diseases, indicating significant underreporting and underdiagnosis of non-typhoidal S . enterica and V . parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in the surveillance area. The present research demonstrates basic situation of the health burden caused by major foodborne pathogens in the surveillance area. Enhanced laboratory-based sentinel hospital surveillance is one of the effective ways to monitor food safety in east China.
Journal Article
Empirical Validation of UBEM: An Assessment of Bias in Urban Building Energy Modeling for Chicago
Residential and commercial buildings currently account for 30% of total global final energy consumption. Urban-scale building energy modeling (UBEM) can enable scalable investments and unlock building improvements by quantifying energy, demand, emissions, and cost reductions of specific measures or packages for building-specific technologies in large geographic regions. While the sophistication of UBEM data sources and technologies have increased dramatically in the past decade, there remains a knowledge gap for empirical validation and sources of bias between building-specific energy models and measured data at varying geographic scales. As UBEM continues to develop, systemic analysis of accuracy, bias, and limitations of the resulting models is necessary to inform best practices and move toward standardization. These are characterized for the Automatic Building Energy Modeling (AutoBEM) software suite with an initial case study involving metered electricity consumption data from 247,188 buildings in Chicago, Illinois, USA - averaged across years 2019-2021 - compared to the following datasets: (1) the AutoBEM-generated nation-scale Model America version 2 (MAv2) data for 596,064 buildings, (2) tax assessor data for 579,829 buildings, (3) tax assessor data filled with MAv2, and (4) 102 representative dynamic archetypes. Accuracy is reported for every building type and vintage combination, along with multiple sources of bias for unique building descriptors. The AutoBEM simulation workflow produced energy consumption estimates that closely match aggregated metered electricity consumption data for different types of buildings constructed during various time periods at the city scale - with initial normalized mean bias error of 10.9% and 1.1% after removing outliers. The contribution of statistically significant factors, including building type, land use, age, and size, to variance in UBEM bias is quantified.
Journal Article
In vivo evaluation of insect wax for hair growth potential
Insect wax is secreted by Ericerus pela Chavanness. It has been traditionally used to treat hair loss in China, but few reports have been published on the hair growth-promoting effect of insect wax. In this work, we examined the hair growth-promoting effects of insect wax on model animals. Different concentrations of insect wax were topically applied to the denuded backs of mice, and 5% minoxidil was applied topically as a positive control. We found that insect wax significantly promoted hair growth in a dose-dependent manner, 45% and 30% insect wax both induced hair to regrow, while less visible hair growth was observed in blank controls on the 16th day. The experimental areas treated with 45% and 30% insect wax exhibited significant differences in hair scores compared to blank controls, and hair lengths in the 45% and 30% insect wax group was significantly longer than in blank controls on the 16th and 20th days. There were no new hair follicles forming in the treated areas, and the hair follicles were prematurely converted to the anagen phase from the telogen phase in experimental areas treated with 45% and 30% insect wax. Both 45% and 30% insect wax upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor expression. The results indicated that 45% and 30% insect wax showed hair growth-promoting potential approximately as potent as 5% minoxidil by inducing the premature conversion of telogen-to-anagen and by prolonging the mature anagen phase rather than increasing the number of hair follicles, which was likely related to the upregulation of VEGF expression. The dissociative policosanol in insect wax was considered the key ingredient most likely responsible for the hair growth promoting potential.
Journal Article
Response to: Comment on “48-Week Outcome after Cessation of Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Patient and the Associated Factors with Relapse”
We appreciate the interest of Yafei Guo and colleagues [1] in our publication [2]. We agree with Guo et al. that nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) cessation can be recommended in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who are relatively younger and have relatively low serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels and that it may be more effective to add on interferon treatment as an immune modulation rather than NAs cessation for CHB patients with low-level HBsAg.
Journal Article
Breadth of Ownership and the Comovement of Equity Prices in China Stock Market
In the past few decades, scholars have made extensive research on the breadth of ownership or the comovement of equity prices separately. However, the connection between these two factors has not been revealed. This paper attempts to find out the relationship between them and address this gap. Based on \"A Simple Model of Capital Market Equilibrium with Incomplete Information\" built up by Merton in 1987, I find that breadth of ownership have a great impact on the stock prices comovement with the market. As the breadth of ownership increases, the comovement between the stock prices and the market also increases. Besides, I find that some characters of stocks also affect this relationship, such as growth ability, volatility and the shareholders' risk preferences. Higher growth ability, volatility or risk-aversion among shareholders could amplify this effect. Using data in China stock market between 2003 and 2014, I find that a 10%-increase in the number of shareholders of a stock is associated with additional 0.0113-0.0170 (about 1.08%1.62%) increase in its beta with the market when other things are hold equal. It provides great evidence that investor behavior can affect the stock price comovement with the market.
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