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Anthropologist Steve Striffler begins this book in a poultry processing plant, drawing on his own experiences there as a worker. He also reports on the way chickens are raised today and how they are consumed. What he discovers about America's favorite meat is not just unpleasant but a powerful indictment of our industrial food system. The process of bringing chicken to our dinner tables is unhealthy for all concerned-from farmer to factory worker to consumer. The book traces the development of the poultry industry since the Second World War, analyzing the impact of such changes as the destruction of the family farm, the processing of chicken into nuggets and patties, and the changing makeup of the industrial labor force. The author describes the lives of immigrant workers and their reception in the small towns where they live. The conclusion is clear: there has to be a better way. Striffler proposes radical but practical change, a plan that promises more humane treatment of chickens, better food for the consumer, and fair payment for food workers and farmers.

No detailed description available for \"Colonel Sanders and the American Dream\".

This paper focuses on the bronze chickens unearthed in southwestern China dating back to the time from the Shang to the Han Dynasties. Among them, one bronze rooster from the pit No. 2 at the Sanxingdui Site looks similar to domestic chicken in appearance. Since it was unearthed together with bronze birds symbolizing the Sun, we may deduce that the bronze rooster probably symbolizes an idea that rooster crows at sunrise. In addition, most other bronze chickens unearthed in southwestern China are used as staff-head. This pattern perhaps is related to the fact that rooster crows and can be used for timing. The author concludes that the study of these bronze chickens, including their typology and archaeological background within the context of the biological habits of relevant animals as well as corresponding cultural phenomena, can to a certain extent help us identify the species of such animal-shaped artifacts and further supplement the identification criteria of domesticated animals.

To investigate the susceptibility of Sri Lankan new entry university students to varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among new entrant medical and engineering students of the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Self-reported history of chicken pox was studied first, followed by serological evaluation for VZV IgG antibodies. A total of 451 students participated in the study out of which 189 (41.9%) reported a history of chicken pox. Median age of reported age of acquiring the disease was 14 years with an interquartile range of 10 to 17 years. Only 25% of the population reported history of infection prior to age of 10 years. The seropositive rate of VZV IgG antibodies among undergraduates with a negative history of chicken pox was 10.1% ( 25/247).The present study indicates that nearly half (222/436) of the study population (50.9%, 95% CI 46.2-55.6) was susceptible to VZV infection.

\"Anthropologist Steve Striffler begins this book in a poultry processing plant, drawing on his own experiences there as a worker. He also reports on the way chickens are raised today and how they are consumed. What he discovers about America's favorite meat is not just unpleasant but a powerful indictment of our industrial food system. The process of bringing chicken to our dinner tables is unhealthy for all concerned - from farmer to factory worker to consumer.\" \"The book traces the development of the poultry industry since the Second World War, analyzing the impact of such changes as the destruction of the family farm, the processing of chicken into nuggets and patties, and the changing makeup of the industrial labor force. The author describes the lives of immigrant workers and their reception in the small towns where they live. The conclusion is clear: there has to be a better way. Striffler proposes radical but practical change, a plan that promises more humane treatment of chickens, better food for the consumer, and fair payment for food workers and farmers.\"--Jacket.

This chicken thing has spread from coast to coast. In Seattle, a July \"house tour\" showcased 25 urban chicken coops, but Murray McMurray Hatchery in Webster City, Iowa, ships mail-order chicks to plenty of chic East Coast Zip codes too. McMurray, which bills itself as the oldest breeder of rare chickens in the country, also sells turkeys, game birds, rabbits, tchotchkes, books and professional poultry- raising equipment (www.mcmurrayhatchery. com). Clubs for chicken breeders, like the Poultry Fanciers Association of Palm Beach County, also are popping up. [Pam Percy] has surrounded herself with chickens, from the live ones lolling on the front porch to the collectibles filling every corner inside her Victorian farmhouse. Most of the objects photographed in the book are in her personal collection, including the Herend, Quimper and Limoges roosters on the foyer shelf; the everyday china, \"Poppy Trail\" introduced in 1934 by the Metlox Manufacturing Co.; and a framed portrait of a majestic clucker in a formal pose over the great room mantel, a 19th-century chromolithograph by a British illustrator of some renown, J.W. Ludlow. \"There's definitely a chicken theme,\" she says, \"but it's not over the top. At least not to me.\" Though she approached chicken fatigue while writing the book -- \"I dreamed about chickens. I thought about chickens. I talked about chickens so much I began to bore even myself\" -- she has a follow-up book in mind.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction. How to Become an Icon -- 1. \"It Looks Like You'll Never Amount to Anything\" -- 2. The Coming of the Colonel -- 3. Kentucky Fried Chicken Inc. -- 4. Barbarians at the Gate -- 5. Aftermath of the American Dream -- Notes -- Index.

This chapter contains sections titled: References

Hybridisation and introgression play key roles in the evolutionary history of animal species. They are commonly observed within several orders in wild birds. The domestic chicken Gallus gallus domesticus is the most common livestock species. More than 65 billion chickens are raised annually to produce meat and 80 million metric tons of egg for global human consumption by the commercial sector. Unravelling the origin of its genetic diversity has major application for sustainable breeding improvement programmes. In this study, we report genome-wide analyses for signatures of introgression between indigenous domestic village chicken and the four wild Gallus species. We first assess the genome-wide phylogeny and divergence time across the genus Gallus. Genome-wide sequence divergence analysis supports a sister relationship between the Grey junglefowl G. sonneratii and Ceylon junglefowl G. lafayettii. Both species form a clade that is sister to the Red junglefowl G. gallus, with the Green junglefowl G. varius the most ancient lineage within the genus. We reveal extensive bidirectional introgression between the Grey junglefowl and the domestic chicken and to a much lesser extent with the Ceylon junglefowl. We identify a single case of Green junglefowl introgression. These introgressed regions include genes with biological functions related to development and immune system. Our study shows that while the Red junglefowl is the main ancestral species, introgressive hybridisation episodes have impacted the genome and contributed to the diversity of the domestic chicken, although likely at different levels across its geographic range.

Chickens represent by far the most important poultry species, yet the number, locations, and timings of their domestication have remained controversial for more than a century. Here we report ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences from the earliest archaeological chicken bones from China, dating back to ∼10,000 B.P. The results clearly show that all investigated bones, including the oldest from the Nanzhuangtou site, are derived from the genus Gallus , rather than any other related genus, such as Phasianus . Our analyses also suggest that northern China represents one region of the earliest chicken domestication, possibly dating as early as 10,000 y B.P. Similar to the evidence from pig domestication, our results suggest that these early domesticated chickens contributed to the gene pool of modern chicken populations. Moreover, our results support the idea that multiple members of the genus Gallus , specifically Gallus gallus and Gallus sonneratii contributed to the gene pool of the modern domestic chicken. Our results provide further support for the growing evidence of an early mixed agricultural complex in northern China. Significance Ancient DNA analysis is a powerful tool to reveal the geographical origins of domesticated species. Here we obtained ancient mtDNA sequences from the earliest archaeological chicken bones from northern China as early as 10,000 y ago. Combined analyses of our ancient sequences with a large dataset of published modern and ancient chicken mtDNA sequences suggest that northern China was likely one of several regions of chicken domestication and provide further insights into the process of human-mediated spread of chickens across the globe. Our results not only suggest that the oldest archaeological chicken bones recovered so far are indeed from ancestors of domestic chickens, but also provide further evidence for one of the earliest, mixed agricultural complexes in the world.