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Framing innocence : a mother's photographs, a prosecutor's zeal, and a small town's response
Ten years ago, amateur photographer and school bus driver Cynthia Stewart dropped off eleven rolls of film at a drugstore in Ohio. The rolls contained photographs of her eight-year-old daughter Nora, including two of the child in the shower--photos that would cause the county prosecutor to arrest Cynthia, take her away in handcuffs, threaten to remove her daughter from her home, and charge her with crimes that carried the possibility of sixteen years in prison. The disturbing case would ultimately attract national attention, including stories in USA Today and on NPR. Written by poet Lynn Powell, a neighbor of Cynthia Stewart's, this story plumbs the perfect storm of events and people that threatened an ordinary family in a small American town.--From publisher description.
Book
From Exposure to Exploitation: Understanding How Child Pornography Exposure Influences Early Sexual Behaviour and Pathways Into Transactional Sexual Exploitation and Commercial Sexual Exploitation in Sub‐Saharan Africa
This review examines the continuum linking child pornography exposure (CPE), early sexual behaviour and transactional sexual exploitation (informal exploitation) and commercial sexual exploitation (formal exploitation) of children among adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). In this context, CPE refers to children's exposure to pornographic material featuring adults and/or children, whether accidental or deliberate, including content increasingly defined as child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Guided by Bandura's social learning theory (SLT), Galtung's structural violence theory (SVT) and Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (EST), the review explores how cognitive learning, structural inequalities and environmental contexts heighten vulnerability. CPE is increasingly common due to smartphone access, social media proliferation and limited protective factors, such as digital literacy and effective supervision. Early exposure distorts perceptions of sexuality, undermines respect for consent and fosters premature sexual initiation. In contexts of poverty and gender inequality, these behaviours are reinforced by socio‐economic deprivation and weak child protection systems, increasing vulnerability to transactional sexual exploitation and commercial sexual exploitation. The review underscores that CPE and commercial sexual exploitation are interconnected manifestations within a broader continuum of child sexual abuse.
Journal Article
The people vs. Alex Cross
Alex Cross has never been on the wrong side of the law--until he's charged with gunning down followers of his nemesis Gary Soneji in cold blood. Now Cross is being turned into the poster child for trigger-happy cops who think they're above the law. It was self-defense; will a jury see it that way? As Cross fights for his professional life and his freedom, his former partner John Sampson brings him a gruesome, titillating video tied to the mysterious disappearances of several young girls. Despite his suspension from the department, Cross can't say no to Sampson. The illicit investigation leads them to the darkest corners of the Internet, where murder is just another form of entertainment. As the prosecution presents its case, and the nation watches, even those closest to Cross begin to doubt his innocence. If he can't convince his own family that he didn't pull the trigger with intent to kill, how can he hope to persuade a jury? But even with everything on the line, Cross will do whatever it takes to stop a dangerous criminal, even if he can't save himself. -- Adapted from dust jacket.
Book
Viewing Child Pornography: Prevalence and Correlates in a Representative Community Sample of Young Swedish Men
Most research on child pornography use has been based on selected clinical or criminal justice samples; risk factors for child pornography use in the general population remain largely unexplored. In this study, we examined prevalence, risk factors, and correlates of viewing depictions of adult–child sex in a population-representative sample of 1,978 young Swedish men (17–20 years, Mdn = 18 years, overall response rate, 77 %). In an anonymous, school-based survey, participants self-reported sexual coercion experiences, attitudes and beliefs about sex, perceived peer attitudes, and sexual interests and behaviors; including pornography use, sexual interest in children, and sexually coercive behavior. A total of 84 (4.2 %) young men reported they had ever viewed child pornography. Most theory-based variables were moderately and significantly associated with child pornography viewing and were consistent with models of sexual offending implicating both antisociality and sexual deviance. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, 7 of 15 tested factors independently predicted child pornography viewing and explained 42 % of the variance: ever had sex with a male, likely to have sex with a child aged 12–14, likely to have sex with a child 12 or less, perception of children as seductive, having friends who have watched child pornography, frequent pornography use, and ever viewed violent pornography. From these, a 6-item Child Pornography Correlates Scale was constructed and then cross-validated in a similar but independent Norwegian sample.
Journal Article
Bondi clarifies previous remarks on Epstein files
During a Cabinet meeting on July 8, Attorney General Pam Bondi responded to criticism over a DOJ memo stating there was no “client list” in the Epstein files.
Streaming Video
Internet Child Pornography and the Law
This book provides a critical assessment of the problem of internet child pornography and its governance through legal and non-legal means, including a comparative assessment of laws in England and Wales, the United States of America and Canada in recognition that governments have a compelling interest to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation. The internet raises novel and complex challenges to existing regulatory regimes. Efforts towards legal harmonization at the European Union, Council of Europe, and United Nations level are examined in this context and the utility of additional and alternative methods of regulation explored. This book argues that effective implementation, enforcement and harmonization of laws could substantially help to reduce the availability and dissemination of child pornography on the internet. At the same time, panic-led policies must be avoided if the wider problems of child sexual abuse and commercial sexual exploitation are to be meaningfully addressed.
eBook
Leveraging International Law to Strengthen the National Legal Framework on Child Sexual Abuse Material in Namibia
With the gazetting of the Regulations of the Child Care and Protection Act 3 of 2015, on 30 January 2019, a crucial regulatory piece of children’s rights in Namibia has finally been operationalised. However, the Act insufficiently addresses new emerging online offences against children such as the possession and distribution of child sexual abuse material, and hence leaves a considerable gap in the protection of children’s rights. As the Namibian Constitution follows a monist approach to international law, this article argues that the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography can be directly applied to complement the national legal framework to prosecute cases of possessing and disseminating child sexual abuse material, while upholding fair-trial principles.
Journal Article
Child Pornography
This book explores the enduring appeal of child pornography and its ramifications for criminal justice systems around the world. It is based on an extensive review of academic literature and newspaper coverage, a trawl of websites frequented by those with a sexual interest in children, a survey of how police investigate these offences, examination of prosecutors' decisions, and interviews with judges. It provides a framework for understanding the contemporary nature of this problem, especially the harms it causes, its intimate relationship with new technologies and the challenges it poses to law enforcement authorities. The internet plays a pivotal role. Its sheer size, the anarchic way it grows, the lack of any boundaries to its expansion and its disregard for national borders make it a legal environment without parallel. An unwavering focus on the threat of sexual abuse has contributed to the emergence of a context where routine dealings with children are viewed through a 'paedophilic' lens. This can have the unfortunate consequence of distracting attention from more urgent concerns (such as poverty and neglect), which make children vulnerable to sexual exploitation. In this way an emphasis on the sexualisation of children could be said to aggravate the problem that it sets out to address. The book:
provides a comprehensive analysis of child pornography issues in all of their complexity, including legal, psychological, criminal justice and social perspectives.
presents significant volume of original empirical data gathered from police, prosecutors and judges.
includes new qualitative and quantitative information set against a background of shifting international developments. The analysis is explicitly comparative.
draws on a variety of sources including support groups for paedophiles, newspaper coverage of court cases involving child pornography, victim testimony and police operations.
eBook
Internet Child Abuse: Current Research and Policy
Internet Child Abuse: Current Research and Policy provides a timely overview of international policy, legislation and offender management and treatment practice in the area of Internet child abuse. Internet use has grown considerably over the last five years, and information technology now forms a core part of the formal education system in many countries. There is however, increasing evidence that the Internet is used by some adults to access children and young people in order to ‘groom’ them for the purposes of sexual abuse; as well as to produce and distribute indecent illegal images of children. This book presents and assesses the most recent and current research on internet child abuse, addressing: its nature, the behaviour and treatment of its perpetrators, international policy, legislation and protection, and policing. It will be required reading for an international audience of academics, researchers, policy-makers and criminal justice practitioners with interests in this area.
1. Introduction 2. Legislation and Policy: Protecting Young People, Sentencing and Managing Internet Sex Offenders 3. Characteristics of the Internet and Child Abuse 4. Combating Child Abuse Images on the Internet 5. Stage Model for Online Grooming Offenders 6. Understanding the Perpetrators Online Behaviour 7. Policing Social Networking Sites and Online Grooming 8. Assessment and Treatment Approaches with Online Sexual Offenders. Conclusion
Julia Davidson is Professor of Criminology and Director of Research in Criminology at Kingston University, she is also Co-Director of the newly formed Centre for Abuse & Trauma Studies.
Petter Gottschalk is Professor of Information Systems and Knowledge Management in the Department of Leadership and Organisation at the Norwegian School of Management, and he lectures at the Norwegian Police University College on knowledge management, Internet, criminal entrepreneurship and organized crime.
eBook