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Inhabiting 'childhood' : children, labour and schooling in postcolonial India
Through a rich ethnography of street and working children in Calcutta, India, this book offers the first sustained enquiry into postcolonial childhoods, arguing that the lingering effects of colonialism are central to comprehending why these children struggle to inhabit the transition from labour to schooling.
eBook
Sensory Futures
Revealing inequalities and sensory hierarchies embedded in
the latest medical technologies and global biotechnical
markets
What happens when cochlear implants, heralded as the first
successful bionic technologies, make their way around the globe and
are provided by both states and growing private markets? As
Sensory Futures follows these implants from development to
domestication and their unequal distribution in India, Michele
Ilana Friedner explores biotechnical intervention in the realm of
disability and its implications for state politics in the Global
South.
A signing and speaking deaf bilateral cochlear implant user,
Friedner weaves personal reflections into this fine-grained
ethnography of everyday negotiations, activist aspirations, and the
space of the family. She places sensory anthropology in
conversation with disability studies to analyze how normative
sensoria are cultivated and the pursuit of listening and speaking
capability is enacted. She argues that the conditions of
potentiality that have emerged through cochlear implantation have,
in fact, resulted in ever narrower understandings of future life
possibilities. Rejecting sensory hierarchies that privilege
audition, Friedner calls for multisensory, multimodal, and
multipersonal ways of relating to the world.
Sensory Futures explores deaf people's desires to
create habitable worlds and grapple with what their futures might
look like, in India and beyond, amid a surge in both biotechnical
interventions and disability rights activism. With implications for
a broad range of disability experiences, this sensitive, in-depth
research focuses on the specific experiences of deaf people, both
children and adults, and the structural, political, and social
possibilities offered by both biotechnological and social
\"cures.\"
eBook
Inhabiting 'childhood' : children, labour and schooling in postcolonial India
\"Although 'multiple childhoods' recognizes children's lives as heterogeneous and culturally inscribed, the figure of the 'victimized' child continues to test the limits of this framework. Inhabiting 'Childhood' ambitiously redresses these limits by drawing on the everyday experiences of street children and child labourers in Calcutta to introduce the postcolony as a critical, and thus far absent, lens in theorizing the 'child'. Through capturing a moment in which global, national and local efforts combined to improve and transform these children's lives through school enrolment and new discourses of 'children's rights', this ethnography makes a vital point about the complexity and contemporaneity of their extensive practices of dwelling generated by the exigencies of survival within postcolonial 'development'. These modes of living labour are central to comprehending why these children though desirous of the transition from labour to school, find this difficult to inhabit. This book argues that this difficulty, which can be neither dissolved through a 'cultural' understanding of these lives nor resolved within a more technocratic policy norm, is in fact a very productive opening to re-thinking 'childhood'\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Readings in Indian Sociology
Sociology of Childhood and Youth, is one of the first of its kind that provides sociological articulations on the Indian child and young, along with the accompanying multifaceted discourses on childhood and youth situating it in the historical experience of India. This volume will be welcomed as a ground-breaking effort for opening doors for critical thinking and novel works in an area which is one of the most challenging and motivating concern of contemporary India and also for our sociological imagination.
eBook
AGE OF MARRIAGE, WEATHER SHOCKS, AND THE DIRECTION OF MARRIAGE PAYMENTS
We study how aggregate economic conditions affect the timing of marriage, and particularly child marriage, in Sub-Saharan Africa and in India. In both regions, substantial monetary or in-kind transfers occur with marriage: bride price across Sub-Saharan Africa and dowry in India. In a simple equilibrium model of the marriage market in which parents choose when their children marry, income shocks affect the age of marriage because marriage payments are a source of consumption smoothing, particularly for a woman’s family. As predicted by our model, we show that droughts, which reduce annual crop yields by 10 to 15% and aggregate income by 4 to 5%, have opposite effects on the marriage behavior of a sample of 400,000 women in the two regions: in Sub-Saharan Africa they increase the annual hazard into child marriage by 3%, while in India droughts reduce such a hazard by 4%. Changes in the age of marriage due to droughts are associated with changes in fertility, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, and with declines in observed marriage payments. Our results indicate that the age of marriage responds to short-term changes in aggregate economic conditions and that marriage payments determine the sign of this response. This suggests that, in order to design successful policies to combat child marriage and improve investments in daughters’ human capital, it is crucial to understand the economic role of marriage market institutions.
Journal Article
Poverty and social exclusion in India
The report is organized around three chapters, in addition to this overview, each one dealing with an excluded group: Scheduled Tribe (ST), Scheduled Caste (SC), and women. The objective is to provide a diagnostic of how the three excluded groups under analysis have fared along various development indicators during a period of rapid economic growth in the national economy. In seeking this objective, the report also addresses correlates and the processes that explain how and why these groups have fared the way they have over a period of time. Chapter two in this report focuses on the Adivasis or STs. In most analyses, this topic is addressed after the Dalits, but the author has placed it first for analytical and organizational purposes. There are two reasons for this: tribal groups are not strictly within the caste system, and the bonds of rituals do not affect their relations with the world in general. Also the report shows that outcomes among Adivasis are among the worst, despite considerable variation across places of residence and tribal groupings. Finally, Chapter three focuses on Dalits, a term that has united the SCs in a process that is more empowering than the process of identification by individual names, which have been and continue to be associated with ritually impure occupations.
eBook
Female infanticide in India : a feminist cultural history
Female Infanticide in India is a theoretical and discursive intervention in the field of postcolonial feminist theory. It focuses on the devaluation of women through an examination of the practice of female infanticide in colonial India and the reemergence of this practice in the form of femicide (selective killing of female fetuses) in postcolonial India. The authors argue that femicide is seen as part of the continuum of violence on, and devaluation of, the postcolonial girl-child and woman. In order to fully understand the material and discursive practices through which the limited and localized crime of female infanticide in colonial India became a generalized practice of femicide in postcolonial India, the authors closely examine the progressivist British-colonial history of the discovery, reform, and eradication of the practice of female infanticide. Contemporary tactics of resistance are offered in the closing chapters.
eBook
Decomposition of socioeconomic inequalities in zero-dose children aged 12–23 months in India
Children who do not receive the preliminary dose of the DTP-containing vaccine are likely to be known as zero-dose, occurring due to limited access to healthcare services and several sociodemographic patterns. In India, 6.67% points (pp) of children remain zero-dose, and a significant inequality exists due to socioeconomic factors. Therefore, this study measures the magnitude of the socioeconomic gap and quantifies the key determinants that contribute to the zero-dose inequality using the National Family Health Survey fifth round (NFHS-5) data. A cross-sectional sampling data of 41,132 children aged 12–23 months was considered to employ several descriptive statistics, including a chi-squared test. We utilized the Wagstaff concentration curve (WCC) and concentration index (WCI) to represent the zero-dose inequality. Afterwards, WCI was decomposed to determine the major contributing factors to the socioeconomic gap in zero-dose. The overall prevalence of zero-dose children was 6.67 pp, and a socioeconomic gap in zero-dose by the household wealth index was 3.68 pp between the poorest and the richest. The WCI value for zero-dose due to the wealth index was − 0.12 (
p
< 0.001), revealed 25.15% of the inequality was contributed by the wealth index, 12.48% by maternal education, 11.57% by media exposure, 10.74% by antenatal care (ANC) visits, and 10.05% by place of children’s delivery. To reduce zero-dose among children, multi-dimensional interventions and strategies are needed to address not only economic deprivation but also disparities in maternal health education, access to healthcare, and informational reach. While wealth-related inequality is evident, the wealth index captures broader household assets and living conditions beyond income. Similarly, media exposure may reflect extended access to health-related knowledge, including immunization. Strengthening maternal education, improving ANC coverage, enhancing service delivery, and outreach in underserved areas are crucial steps toward equitable immunization coverage.
Journal Article