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The fortunes
\"Sly, funny, intelligent, and artfully structured, The Fortunes recasts American history through the lives of Chinese Americans and reimagines the multigenerational novel through the fractures of immigrant family experience. Inhabiting four lives--a railroad baron's valet who unwittingly ignites an explosion in Chinese labor; Hollywood's first Chinese movie star; a hate-crime victim whose death mobilizes the Asian American community; and a biracial writer visiting China for an adoption--this novel captures and capsizes over a century of our history, showing that even as family bonds are denied and broken, a community can survive--as much through love as blood. \"--Back cover.
Book
Effectiveness and Safety of a Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Chin Augmentation and Correction of Chin Retrusion: A Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial
Background
The chin significantly influences facial aesthetics, contributing to the overall balance and harmony of the face. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the hyaluronic acid filler Hyamax® Volumizer for chin augmentation and correction of chin retrusion compared to a no-treatment control.
Methods
Participants aged 18–55 years with mild to moderate chin retrusion were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive either the treatment group (n = 150) or control group (n = 50). Evaluations included blinded assessments using the validated Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale for aesthetic enhancement, and safety follow-up.
Results
The Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale responder rate (≥1 grade improvement) was significantly higher for the treatment group (70%) compared to the control group (0%) at 6 months (
p
< 0.0001), and remained higher at 12 months (54.67% vs. 0%;
p
< 0.0001). Aesthetic improvement rates were consistently high as reported by both blinded evaluating investigator (≥89.33%) and subjects (≥91.33%). Treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate.
Conclusion
Hyamax® Volumizer treatment is safe and effective when injected in the chin to treat chin retrusion, with results lasting through 1 year.
Level of Evidence I
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
www.springer.com/00266
.
Journal Article
Mott Street : a Chinese American family's story of exclusion and homecoming
\"Mott Street follows Chinese American writer Ava Chin, who grew up estranged from her father, as she seeks the truth about her family history-and uncovers a legacy of exclusion and resilience that speaks to the American experience past and present. Chin's ancestors became lovers, classmates, sworn enemies, and, eventually, through her birth, kin-all while converging at a single Chinatown address\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Determining post-orthognathic surgery profile: A validation study on the potential of modified chin point as a reliable predictor
To investigate the validity of the modified chin point (MCP) as a reliable predictor for post-orthognathic surgery profile.
136 three-dimensional (3D) facial images from 68 patients (28 males and 40 females; mean age 24.6 ± 5.3 years) were collected. An artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted in-house software program was developed to automatically localize landmarks, compute the MCP, and perform automated distance measurements. The Steiner's S line and Ricketts' E line were computed for each scan to assess lip positioning relative to the reference lines. Validity was established by comparing MCP measurements to those from the actual chin point (ACP).
No significant differences (p > 0.01) were observed in upper lip (UL) and lower lip (LL) positions between post-surgery ACP and MCP. Mean error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) for UL and LL positions in relation to 'S' and 'E' lines were generally small. Strong positive correlations were observed between ACP and MCP variables for UL measurements, while moderate positive correlations were observed for LL measurements for both 'S' and 'E' lines. Additionally, MCP-based post-surgery aesthetic lip positions did not differ significantly (p > 0.01) across genders.
This study provides evidence supporting MCP's effectiveness in guiding aesthetic lip positioning in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery (OS). MCP is reliable and consistent in estimating post-surgery UL position and moderately reliable in estimating post-surgery LL position, validating its use as a predictor for the post-orthognathic surgery profile.
The MCP-based prediction model can be easily incorporated into pre-surgical planning, allowing orthognathic surgeons and orthodontists to make appropriate adjustments to treatment plans, ensuring optimal treatment outcomes.
Journal Article
Vertical Ridge Augmentation of the Atrophic Posterior Mandible with Sandwich Technique : Bone Block from the Chin Area versus Corticocancellous Bone Block Allograft—Clinical and Histological Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
The aim of the present study is to compare the histological aspects of bone formation in atrophic posterior mandibles augmented by autologous bone block from chin area with corticocancellous bone block allograft used as inlays with the sandwich technique. Materials and Methods. Sixteen patients with bilateral partial edentulism in the posterior mandible were selected. The residual bone height, preliminarily measured by computed tomography scans, ranged between 5 and 7 mm from the inferior alveolar nerve. All patients required regeneration procedure with autologous bone block from chin area (control group) versus bone block allograft Puros (Zimmer Dental, 1900 Aston Avenue, Carlsbad, CA, USA) (test group). Histological and histomorphometric samples were collected at the time of implant positioning in order to analyze the percentage of newly formed bone, the residual graft material, and marrow spaces/soft tissue. Results. No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found regarding the percentage of newly formed bone. The percentage of residual grafted material was significantly higher in the test group, whilst the percentage of marrow spaces was higher in control group. Conclusions. In conclusion, both procedures supported good results, although the use of bone blocks allograft was less invasive and preferable than harvesting bone from the mental symphysis.
Journal Article
The Effect of Weight-Loss Interventions on Cervical and Chin Subcutaneous Fat Depots; the CENTRAL Randomized Controlled Trial
Accumulation of cervical and chin subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) represent known phenotypes of obesity. We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of these fat storages to long-term weight-loss directed lifestyle-intervention and to assess their relations to bodily-adiposity, insulin-resistance, and cardiometabolic risk; We randomly assigned 278 participants with abdominal-obesity/dyslipidemia to low-fat or Mediterranean/low-carbohydrate diets +/− physical-activity. All participants underwent an 18 month whole-body magnetic resonance imaging follow-up, from which we assessed cervical and chin SAT-areas; Participants (age = 48 years; 90% men; body-mass-index = 30.9 kg/m2) had an 18-month adherence-rate of 86%. Cervical-SAT and chin-SAT decreased after 6-months (−13.1% and −5.3%, respectively, p < 0.001). After 18-months only cervical-SAT remained decreased compared to baseline (−5%, p < 0.001). Cervical and chin-SAT 18-month changes were associated with changes in weight (r = 0.70, r = 0.66 respectively; <0.001 for both) and visceral-adipose-tissue (VAT; r = 0.35, r = 0.42 respectively; <0.001 for both). After adjustment to VAT, waist-circumference, or weight-changes, chin-SAT 18-month reduction was associated with favorable changes in fasting-glucose (β = 0.10; p = 0.05), HbA1c (β = 0.12; p = 0.03), and homeostasis-model-assessment-of-insulin-resistance (β = 0.12; p = 0.03). Cervical-SAT 18-month reduction was associated with decreased triglycerides (β = 0.16; p = 0.02) and leptin (β = 0.19; p = 0.01) independent of VAT; Cervical and chin-SATs are dynamic fat depots that correspond with weight-loss and are associated with changes in cardiometabolic profile. In long-term, chin-SAT displays a larger rebound compared with cervical-SAT. Chin-SAT accumulation is associated with in insulin-resistance, independent of central obesity. (ClinicalTrials identifier NCT01530724)
Journal Article
Efficacy and Safety of Chin Augmentation Using MaiLi-E, a Lidocaine-Containing Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel
Background
MaiLi-E is a lidocaine-containing cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel for dermal filling. This prospective, multicenter, randomized, delayed-treatment controlled, evaluator-blinded clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MaiLi-E for chin augmentation.
Methods
Participants with mild-to-moderate–severe chin retrusion were enrolled and randomized (2:1) to receive MaiLi-E at study onset (MaiLi-E group) or six months later (control group). The primary efficacy endpoint was the response rate of chin retrusion improvement, defined as the percentage of participants whose China (Allergan) Chin Retrusion Scale score improved by ≥1 point from baseline, assessed by independent investigators at Month 6 post-injection for the MaiLi-E group and Month 6 post-randomization for the control group. Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs) and treatment-related AEs.
Results
Between September 2022 and January 2023, 159 participants were enrolled (MaiLi-E group,
n
= 106; control group,
n
= 53). Response rates of chin retrusion improvement were 64.2% (95% CI 55.0–73.3%) in the MaiLi-E group and 20.8% (95% CI 9.8–31.7%) in the control group (
P
< 0.0001). Improvement rates of the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale evaluated by participants were 91.5% (95% CI 86.2–96.8%) in the MaiLi-E group and 0.0% (95% CI 0.0–0.0%) in the control group. Response was maintained in most participants at Month 12 post-treatment. Participant satisfaction rates were 72.6% in the MaiLi-E and 74.5% in the control group. 64.8% of participants experienced AEs, and 5.0% experienced treatment-related AEs from the initial treatment to Month 6 after the last injection.
Conclusion
MaiLi-E is effective and safe in correcting mild-to-moderate–severe chin retrusion. Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial.
Level of Evidence I
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
www.springer.com/00266
.
Journal Article
Nonsurgical Chin Augmentation Using Hyaluronic Acid: A Systematic Review of Technique, Satisfaction, and Complications
Background
Nonsurgical chin augmentation using hyaluronic acid (HA) has become a common procedure in cosmetic practices. This is offered to patients that prefer a nonsurgical, temporary method to correcting underdeveloped or retruded chin and restoring the volume loss. This systematic review highlights the main HA injection technique and associated patient satisfaction and complications of chin augmentation to further guide practitioners.
Methods
A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using the appropriate keywords. Data collected from each study included patient satisfaction and complications, in addition to injection protocol and technique.
Results
A total of 1305 studies were found based on search criteria. After full-text screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were included. A total of 917 patients underwent HA chin augmentation, with different injection protocols. Most patients were satisfied with the results, and there were only 2 relatively major complications reported. The most common adverse events were local responses at the injection sites (swelling, bruising, pain, redness, and itching). There were no reports of vascular complications.
Conclusions
HA filler is an effective temporary method to correct chin retraction and absorption for chin augmentation, with a high degree of patient satisfaction and a low risk of severe complications.
Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
www.springer.com/00266
.
Journal Article
Correcting the Broad, Flat and Short Chin Using Modified M-genioplasty
Background
Several genioplasty techniques can narrow the width of the chin. Nevertheless, patients with a broad and short chin who received these methods were unsatisfied with the outcomes. The goal of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of modified M-shaped genioplasty for broad, flat and short chin deformity.
Methods
Thirty-eight patients with broad, flat and short chins were included in this study from January 2019 to December 2021. The preoperative design was performed individually according to the data of the chin and the patient’s desire of final chin shape. Narrowing and vertical elongating genioplasty was performed for all the patients with modified M-shaped genioplasty under general anesthesia according to the preoperative designs. All patients have completed the FACE-Q preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The results were evaluated by clinical appearances and FACE-Q scores.
Results
The vertical lengthening of the chin was 2–5 mm, with an average of 3.02 mm. The horizontal narrowing width was 3–6 mm, with an average of 5.6 mm. FACE-Q scores in satisfaction with the chin increased significantly from 35.34 ± 9.57 to 72.95 ± 6.81. There were no severe complications took place during the time frame of 3–24 months postoperatively.
Conclusions
The modified M-shaped genioplasty preserved the bone structure in the midsymphyseal area and suprahyoid muscular attachments as far as possible, and the bone segments may be repositioned quickly. This technique produced reliable and esthetically satisfying results in correcting a short, flat and broad chin, with altered vertical length, slope, width and protrusion three-dimensionally.
Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
www.springer.com/00266
.
Journal Article