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\"With its GDP rivalling that of the US, China is fast becoming the world's largest economy. China's foreign exchange reserves have increased rapidly alongside it's economic development, and it has become one of the largest recipients of foreign direct investment. This study makes useful contributions to existing literature on China's outward investment's by examining the causes and consequences of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) explosion. It is the first of its kind to introduce a partial stock adjustment model to examine the dynamic adjustment of China's OFDI.The authors provide a comprehensive view of the development of China's OFDI by comparing the early period of 1991-2000 and the more recent period of 2003-2009. Through the use of case studies and modeling approaches the authors examine the effects of China's outward investment on individual companies or industrial sectors. They study the underlying motivations and locational determinants of China's OFDI, the impact on other source countries' OFDI in the host countries, and the dynamic adjustment of China's OFDI and its relationship with China's inward foreign direct investment (IFDI). The two case studies on Chinalco's investment in Rio Tinto and Geely's acquisition of Volvo reveal two important motivations of Chinese firms: resource-seeking and technological seeking. The modelling results show that China's outward investments have had significant displacement effect on OECD countries' investments. In contrast to many media commentaries, the authors suggest that such effects are not resources-oriented. Finally, the study examines the motivation behind China's outward investments, and suggests that China has implemented a national policy to promote overseas investment for two reasons: national security and national status as a business power.This study focuses on the development of China's OFDI and the examines the impact it has on the world economy. It will be an indispensable tool for scholars and researchers interested in FDI, China, and the developing economics\"-- Provided by publisher.

China’s rise exerts a powerful pull on ASEAN economies and constitutes an impetus for a resinicization of Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. China has become a skilled practitioner of “commercial diplomacy”, and as long as it continues to lead the way in regional integration, China’s state-led capitalism will seek to integrate itself into the ASEAN Economic Community. This in effect becomes China’s essential strategy of desecuritization for the region. With increasing trade and investment between China and ASEAN countries, the ethnic Chinese economic elites have managed to serve as “connectors and bridges” between the two sides, and benefited in the process from joint ventures and business investments. The impact of new Chinese Capitalism on SMEs, however, has not been equally positive. As China rises, Southeast Asia has witnessed increased complexity and variations of “hybrid capitalism”, including alliances between state-led capitalism, transnational entrepreneurs emanating from China’s “going out” policy and ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia. Three main forms of Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia are neoliberal capitalism, flexible capitalism and Confucian capitalism. These intermingle into a range of local varieties under different socio-economic conditions.

\"China's new leader Xi Jinping has announced that the China Dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is now closer than ever.This book discusses the meaning and progress of Chinese national rejuvenation from multiple perspectives - government, civil society, ethnic relations, economic development, philanthropy, science policy, cultural diplomacy, strategic philosophy and international relations. The authors discuss critically China's progress towards becoming a strong, prosperous and well-governed country. They evaluate the ideas, policies and institutions that have permitted China to reach the current era of national rejuvenation; but they also indicate the problems that China has still to overcome and the barriers it will face in completing the mission of 'great rejuvenation'.China's Many Dreams provides insightful perspectives on the challenges facing China's future, making it essential reading for scholars, researchers and policy-makers interested in China's growth and development\"-- Provided by publisher.

Gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough (GERC) is a common extraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the mechanisms underlying GERC remain unclear, and current treatments with anti-reflux drugs do not provide significant benefits in the management of GERC. Therefore, safe and effective drugs to treat GERC are urgently needed. We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, multi-center, investigator-initiated clinical trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and economics of combined Ojeok-san (OJS) and Saengmaek-san (SMS) in treating GERC. Our trial will be conducted in five hospitals in Korea, and a total of 138 participants will be enrolled, equally divided between the OJS plus SMS and placebo groups. All participants will be instructed to receive OJS plus SMS or a placebo for 6 weeks and visit hospitals every 2 weeks until week 8 to evaluate their efficacy or safety outcomes. For efficacy outcomes, the cough diary score, cough VAS, Leicester Cough Questionnaire, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire, Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire, and 5-level EuroQol 5-dimensional Questionnaire will be evaluated to observe symptoms of cough and GERD, as well as the quality of life in patients with GERC. Pattern identification for the Chronic Cough Questionnaire and gastroesophageal reflux disease will be measured as an additional exploratory outcome. Safety will be assessed in terms of laboratory tests, vital signs, and adverse events; economic evaluation will be simultaneously conducted through the healthcare system and societal perspectives by estimating cost-utility and cost-effectiveness. Our study proposes a combination of OJS and SMS to manage the symptoms of GERC as a new insight and this study results will provide scientific evidence for the use of OJS plus SMS in the treatment of GERC.

\"This book describes the Chinese way of life (CWOL) circa 2014, based on extensive primary and secondary data. Taking an anthropological approach, the book covers 51 topics that would have been studied if China were a newly discovered civilization, plus one overarching chapter that presents nine core concepts of CWOL. While the book is a rigorous treatment of CWOL, it is also filled with personal stories and perspectives from close to 1000 successful Chinese from academia, business, and government. The Chinese Way equips readers with a deep understanding of a society that is a major player in global business today and offers a foundation for successful business interactions with Chinese companies, organizations, and people\"-- Provided by publisher.

The 1965 Immigration Act altered the lives and outlook of Chinese Americans in fundamental ways.The New Chinese Americaexplores the historical, economic, and social foundations of the Chinese American community, in order to reveal the emergence of a new social hierarchy after 1965. In this detailed and comprehensive study of contemporary Chinese America, Xiaojian Zhao uses class analysis to illuminate the difficulties of everyday survival for poor and undocumented immigrants and analyzes the process through which social mobility occurs. Through ethnic ties, Chinese Americans have built an economy of their own in which entrepreneurs can maintain a competitive edge given their access to low-cost labor; workers who are shut out of the mainstream job market can find work and make a living; and consumers can enjoy high quality services at a great bargain. While the growth of the ethnic economy enhances ethnic bonds by increasing mutual dependencies among different groups of Chinese Americans, it also determines the limits of possibility for various individuals depending on their socioeconomic and immigration status.

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects millions worldwide. Although many therapies exist and are being developed to relieve symptoms and reduce mortality, few data are available to understand which of the therapeutic alternatives is the most cost-effective for COPD patients in everyday clinical practice, especially for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Comparative effectiveness research can help patients, clinicians, and decision-makers make best informed treatment decisions where such evidence was previously lacking. This study aims to compare the effectiveness and economic evaluation of three treatments: (1) conventional Western medicine; (2) TCM treatments, which have been evaluated and have certain effect; and (3) a combination of both conventional Western medicine and TCM treatments, and then determine which treatment is the most suitable for COPD patients. Methods/design A multicenter, pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial is adopted. A total of 360 patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of the three treatments group, with 120 in each group. Patients in the conventional Western medicine group will be given Salbutamol, Formoterol, Salmeterol/fluticasone, respectively, according to the guidelines. For the TCM group, patients will be given Bufei granule, Bu-Fei Jian-Pi granule, Bu-Fei Yi-Shen granule, and Yi-Qi Zi-Shen granule based on their corresponding TCM syndrome patterns, respectively. For the combination of conventional medicine and TCM treatments group, patients will be given a combination of conventional Western medicine and TCM granules. Treatments in each group are recognized as a whole comprehensive intervention. After the 26-week treatment, another 26 weeks will be followed up. The outcome measures including the frequency and duration of acute exacerbations, lung function, dyspnea, exercise capacity, quality of life, and economic evaluation will be assessed. Discussion It is hypothesized that each of the three treatments will have beneficial effects in reducing the frequency and duration of acute exacerbations, improving exercise capacity and psychosocial function of COPD patients. In addition, the combination of conventional medicine and TCM treatments may be most suitable for COPD patients with better effectiveness and economic evaluation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01836016 .

\"Going beyond the scenes of the Chinese travel revolution, this book explains the emerging trends and developments of Chinese outbound travel, alongside the motivations, desires and expectations of Chinese leisure and business travelers. Featuring interviews with Chinese travelers, travel industry figures and travel journalists in different locations, global tourism boards, hoteliers, retail experts, marketing and branding consultants, the book helps business executives around the world to better understand the complexities and challenges of Chinese outbound travel, and create and deliver their own products and services that will meet the rapidly evolving and diversifying requirements of tech-savvy Chinese travelers\"-- Provided by publisher.

The export of traditional Chinese medicinal products is a pivotal force in enhancing the international recognition of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). From 2013 to 2022, the export trend of traditional Chinese medicinal products demonstrated stable and rapid growth. However, the export structure remained suboptimal, with raw material-based products accounting for a significantly larger proportion than high value-added products. This imbalance has hindered the enhancement of traditional Chinese medicinal value and the potential for branding in the global market. Therefore, an in-depth study of the current status and associated factors of the export is essential to optimize the export structure, adjust export policies, and promote the international trade. We employed joinpoint regression analysis to examine the export value trend of traditional Chinese medicinal products from 2013 to 2022. Subsequently, we utilized stochastic frontier analysis and trade inefficiency analysis to investigate the factors associated with the export value across 182 countries and regions from 2020 to 2022. The export value data was sourced from the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Medicines and Health Products. The associated factors were sourced from publicly available databases. Joinpoint regression analysis showed the Annual Average Percent Change (AAPC) of the export value of traditional Chinese medicinal products from 2013 to 2022 was 6.9211 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.9176 to 7.9341). Among them, raw material-based products included Chinese medicinal materials and herbal decoction pieces, as well as plant extracts, with AAPC being 1.7822 (95%CI -3.4203 to 7.2649), and 10.0290 (95%CI 3.5599 to 16.9023), respectively. They comprised over 80% of total exports. High value-added products included Chinese patent medicines and TCM health products, with AAPC being 3.6420 (95%CI -0.7595 to 8.2387) and 17.0895 (95%CI 4.7468 to 30.8865), respectively. They constituted a relatively minor share of total exports. Stochastic frontier analysis showed the coefficient (t-ratio) of factors associated with the export, including China's GDP at 0.0772 (9.3276), the GDP of the export country or region at 0.1240 (3.9521), the capital distance between the export country or region and China at -0.3059 (-8.2793), the population of the export country or region at 0.0329 (3.4657), having a common border with China at -0.3179 (-4.3428), having a common language with China at 1.3316 (13.3217), being a landlocked country or region at -0.3531 (-9.3519). Trade inefficiency analysis showed the coefficient (t-ratio) of associated factors, including having a trade agreement with China at -7.1587 (-38.7960), pharmaceutical products tariffs at 0.2930 (7.7920), cultural distance from China at 0.5995 (7.1274), the overseas registration status of Chinese patent medicines at 2.3608 (13.6945), and the presence of TCM institutions at 6.1643 (16.1009). The export value of traditional Chinese medicinal products from 2013 to 2022 showed an overall upward trend. However, the export structure remained suboptimal. Stochastic frontier analysis and trade inefficiency analysis revealed the relevance of associated factors to the export value. Based on the above results, we recommend six measures to optimize the export structure and enhance the international recognition of traditional Chinese medicinal products.