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"Christians Spain History"
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The Victors and the Vanquished
This is a revisionary study of Muslims living under Christian rule during the Spanish 'reconquest'. It looks beyond the obvious religious distinctions and delves into the subtleties of identity in the thirteenth-century Crown of Aragon, uncovering a social dynamic in which sectarian differences comprise only one of the many factors in the causal complex of political, economic and cultural reactions. Beginning with the final stage of independent Muslim rule in the Ebro valley region, the book traces the transformation of Islamic society into mudéjar society under Christian domination. This was a case of social evolution in which Muslims, far from being passive victims of foreign colonisation, took an active part in shaping their institutions and experiences as subjects of the Infidel. Using a diverse range of methodological approaches, this book challenges widely held assumptions concerning Christian-Muslim relations in the Middle Ages, and minority-majority relations in general.
eBook
The Last Crusade in the West
By the middle of the fourteenth century, Christian control of the Iberian Peninsula extended to the borders of the emirate of Granada, whose Muslim rulers acknowledged Castilian suzerainty. No longer threatened by Moroccan incursions, the kings of Castile were diverted from completing the Reconquest by civil war and conflicts with neighboring Christian kings. Mindful, however, of their traditional goal of recovering lands formerly ruled by the Visigoths, whose heirs they claimed to be, the Castilian monarchs continued intermittently to assault Granada until the late fifteenth century.Matters changed thereafter, when Fernando and Isabel launched a decade-long effort to subjugate Granada. Utilizing artillery and expending vast sums of money, they methodically conquered each Naṣrid stronghold until the capitulation of the city of Granada itself in 1492. Effective military and naval organization and access to a diversity of financial resources, joined with papal crusading benefits, facilitated the final conquest. Throughout, the Naṣrids had emphasized the urgency of ajihādwaged against the Christian infidels, while the Castilians affirmed that the expulsion of the \"enemies of our Catholic faith\" was a necessary, just, and holy cause. The fundamentally religious character of this last stage of conflict cannot be doubted, Joseph F. O'Callaghan argues.
eBook
Christian Identity amid Islam in Medieval Spain
In Christian Identity amid Islam in Medieval Spain Charles L. Tieszen explores the strategies deployed by authors of medieval anti-Muslim polemic that helped them to forge a religious identity for their communities in light of Islam.
eBook
The Fruit of Her Hands
In the thriving urban economies of late thirteenth-century
Catalonia, Jewish and Christian women labored to support their
families and their communities. The Fruit of Her Hands
examines how gender, socioeconomic status, and religious identity
shaped how these women lived and worked.
Sarah Ifft Decker draws on thousands of notarial contracts as
well as legal codes, urban ordinances, and Hebrew responsa
literature to explore the lived experiences of Jewish and Christian
women in the cities of Barcelona, Girona, and Vic between 1250 and
1350. Relying on an expanded definition of women's work that
includes the management of household resources as well as wage
labor and artisanal production, this study highlights the crucial
contributions women made both to their families and to urban
economies. Christian women, Ifft Decker finds, were deeply embedded
in urban economic life in ways that challenge traditional
dichotomies between women in northern and Mediterranean Europe. And
while Jewish women typically played a less active role than their
Christian counterparts, Ifft Decker shows how, in moments of
communal change and crisis, they could and did assume prominent
roles in urban economies.
Through its attention to the distinct experiences of Jewish and
Christian women, The Fruit of Her Hands advances our
understanding of Jewish acculturation in the Iberian Peninsula and
the shared experiences of women of different faiths. It will be
welcomed by specialists in gender studies and religious studies as
well as students and scholars of medieval Iberia.
eBook
Creating Christian Granada
Creating Christian Granadaprovides a richly detailed examination of a critical and transitional episode in Spain's march to global empire. The city of Granada-Islam's final bastion on the Iberian peninsula-surrendered to the control of Spain's \"Catholic Monarchs\" Isabella and Ferdinand on January 2, 1492. Over the following century, Spanish state and Church officials, along with tens of thousands of Christian immigrant settlers, transformed the formerly Muslim city into a Christian one.
With constant attention to situating the Granada case in the broader comparative contexts of the medieval reconquista tradition on the one hand and sixteenth-century Spanish imperialism in the Americas on the other, Coleman carefully charts the changes in the conquered city's social, political, religious, and physical landscapes. In the process, he sheds light on the local factors contributing to the emergence of tensions between the conquerors and Granada's formerly Muslim, \"native\" morisco community in the decades leading up to the crown-mandated expulsion of most of the city's moriscos in 1569-1570.
Despite the failure to assimilate the moriscos, Granada's status as a frontier Christian community under construction fostered among much of the immigrant community innovative religious reform ideas and programs that shaped in direct ways a variety of church-wide reform movements in the era of the ecumenical Council of Trent (1545-1563). Coleman concludes that the process by which reforms of largely Granadan origin contributed significantly to transformations in the Church as a whole forces a reconsideration of traditional \"top-down\" conceptions of sixteenth-century Catholic reform.
eBook
Marginal Voices
This collection of essays reveals the diversity of the impact on late medieval and Golden Age Spanish literature of the socio-religious dichotomy that came to exist between conversos (New Christians), who were perceived as inferior because of their Jewish descent, and Old Christians, who asserted the superiority of their pure Christian lineage.
eBook
Between Christian and Jew
In 1341 in Aragon, a Jewish convert to Christianity was sentenced to death, only to be pulled from the burning stake and into a formal religious interrogation. His confession was as astonishing to his inquisitors as his brush with mortality is to us: the condemned man described a Jewish conspiracy to persuade recent converts to denounce their newfound Christian faith. His claims were corroborated by witnesses and became the catalyst for a series of trials that unfolded over the course of the next twenty months.Between Christian and Jewclosely analyzes these events, which Paola Tartakoff considers paradigmatic of inquisitorial proceedings against Jews in the period. The trials also serve as the backbone of her nuanced consideration of Jewish conversion to Christianity-and the unwelcoming Christian response to Jewish conversions-during a period that is usually celebrated as a time of relative interfaith harmony. The book lays bare the intensity of the mutual hostility between Christians and Jews in medieval Spain. Tartakoff's research reveals that the majority of Jewish converts of the period turned to baptism in order to escape personal difficulties, such as poverty, conflict with other Jews, or unhappy marriages. They often met with a chilly reception from their new Christian brethren, making it difficult to integrate into Christian society. Tartakoff explores Jewish antagonism toward Christians and Christianity by examining the aims and techniques of Jews who sought to re-Judaize apostates as well as the Jewish responses to inquisitorial prosecution during an actual investigation. Prosecutions such as the 1341 trial were understood by papal inquisitors to be in defense of Christianity against perceived Jewish attacks, although Tartakoff shows that Christian fears about Jewish hostility were often exaggerated. Drawing together the accounts of Jews, Jewish converts, and inquisitors, this cultural history offers a broad study of interfaith relations in medieval Iberia.
eBook
